xim lej
Ib tug nyeem ntawv liam kuv ntawm kev hais lus nom tswv hauv kuv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lej. Zoo, kuv tsuas tham txog kev cob qhia xwb. Tsev kawm ntawv yeej ib txwm yog ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm nom tswv, txawm tias thaum nws tau hais tias yog apolitical ntawm software. Thaum pib lub Plaub Hlis, tom qab kev qhia txog cov kev txwv hauv peb lub neej pej xeem, qhov kev thov rau kev kawm nyob deb tau nce ntau. Ib feem ntawm kuv tsab xov xwm yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau TV qhia kev ua yeeb yam rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib. Lawv tau ua cua daj cua dub hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov kws qhia lej - lawv muaj qhov tsis muaj tseeb, zoo li lub thoob qub dej pov rau hauv lub pas dej. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj leej twg liam kuv ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv, kuv yuav tsis sau lub TV uas nws yog.
Cov ntawv nyeem yog fragmentary - Kuv pib nrog kev sib tham rau cov menyuam yaus, tab sis txav mus rau kev xav rau cov neeg laus thiab rov ua dua. Qhov no tsis yog kom dhuav koj. Ua ntej rau cov me nyuam. Nov yog kuv lub suab hauv kev sib tham txog yuav ua li cas (zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua li cas) tham nrog cov menyuam yaus txog "Queen of Sciences".
Xyaum 1. Ua tib zoo saib kuv thawj qhov kev sib tw. Koj pom dab tsi ntawm nws?
Koj nyob qhov twg? Mark. Koj puas xav tias kuv xaiv cov xim ntawm peb cov ciam teb los ntawm lub sijhawm, lossis koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus piav qhia vim li cas "sab saum toj" yog xiav-ntsuab, thiab "hauv qab" yog daim duab dawb? Tab sis vim li cas kuv thiaj sau "sab saum toj" thiab "hauv qab"? Tom qab tag nrho, cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no hu ua ... zoo, dab tsi tiag? Thiab lwm ob? Los yog tej zaum koj paub yog vim li cas lub thoob ntiaj teb lub npe ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog N, E, W, S?
Xyaum 2. Saib cov paib qhia kev (1). Qhov twg peb tuaj yeem hu ua square? Thiab vim li cas cov ces kaum ntawm thawj thiab thib peb sib npaug? Tshawb nrhiav seb txoj kev kos npe twg yog daim duab peb sab, ncig (cim), thiab octagonal hauv cov duab. Vim li cas ib daim duab peb sab txawv ntawm lwm tus? Vim li cas tsuas yog ib qho octagonal kos npe?
1. Cov cim twg yog square?
Exercise 3. Mus online. Nce txhua qhov browser. Ntaus "square", ces xaiv "duab" thiab ... saib cov duab uas nyob ntawd. Tsis yog tag nrho, tab sis tsuas yog ib lub kaum os. Xaiv qhov koj nyiam tshaj plaws. Koj xaiv? Tam sim no sim ntxias kuvvim li no. Tej zaum koj tsis paub koj tus kheej? Los yog tej zaum koj paub?
Xyaum 4. Tam sim no saib kuv tus lej puzzle 2. Koj puas pom cov squares hauv nws? Raws nraim - nws yog liab sab hauv. Lawv tau loj dua. Thawj, me me, ntawm sab laug muaj ib lub qhov muag, ib qho "khawm".
Kuv yuav teb tam sim ntawd. Lub square magic yog ib lub xwmfab uas cov lej ntawm cov lej horizontally, vertically thiab diagonally yog tib yam. Cia peb kuaj: tej zaum koj yuav hais tias qhov thib ob yog ob zaug loj dua vim nws muaj ob lub khawm ntawm txhua sab…. Auj, nws puas loj dua ob zaug? suav pes tsawg tus nyees khawm nws muaj plaub! Cia wb mus saib seb yuav muaj li cas ntxiv. Qhov thib peb dav thiab peb loops nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Suav cov seams. Muaj pes tsawg leeg? 25. Plaub plaub yog qhov ntev thiab dav (lossis siab) plaub. Plaub zaug plaub yog kaum rau. Yog, nws muaj kaum rau stitches. Thiab qhov thib tsib? Muaj tsib txoj hlua ntawm txhua sab, yog li muaj pes tsawg tus nyob rau hauv? Bravo, 25. Peb hais tias lub square no muaj thaj tsam ntawm XNUMX. Tab sis tej zaum koj twb paub lawm. Yog li, raws li qhia hauv lub rooj ntawm sab xis.
4+9+2=3+5+7=8+1+6=4+3+8=9+5+1=2+7+6= 4+5+6=8+5+2=15.
Wikipedia sau tau hais tias cov xwm txheej khawv koob tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tshawb fawb. Lawv tsuas yog nthuav. Tab sis txoj kev uas lawv tsim yog nthuav ntau dua li cov squares lawv tus kheej. Nws zoo li hauv tourism: feem ntau lub hom phiaj yog qhov thib ob, txoj hauv kev rau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib yuav ua li cas tsim ib square ntawm nees nkaum tsib square meters. Peb muab ib qho rau hauv nruab nrab thiab nco ntsoov qhov uas twb tsis nco qab lawm "kev ua si vaj ntxwv", uas yog, chess. Peb yuav dhia ncaj nraim mus rau NNE (North-North-East). Twb tau lub "troika" ntog tawm ntawm lub square. Peb coj nws mus rau nws qhov chaw (qhov kawg hauv kab thib ob ntawm hauv qab). Ua rau kuv nco txog lub suab paj nruag "txo rau thawj octave". Peb siv txoj cai no tsis tu ncua... ntev li ntev tau. Nws tau daig ntawm rau. Tsis muaj teeb meem, peb muab rau hauv qab tsib liab, uas twb nyob hauv peb lub square.
2. Vim li cas lub square no yog "magic"?
Rov qab mus rau lej rau menyuam yaus. Tam sim no saib saum kuv daim duab dhos ua si #2. Puas muaj cov squares nyob ntawd? Tsis yog! Cov duab no hu ua dab tsi? Beata, koj nyob li cas? Koj hais yog lawm, duab plaub. Vim li cas lawv thiaj hu li ntawd? Vim lawv muaj txoj cai kaum? Peb mam li tham txog qhov no me ntsis tom qab, tab sis tam sim no cia peb nco ntsoov tias lub kaum sab xis yog dab tsi. Bartek, koj yuav piav qhia qhov no rau tus neeg tsis paub li cas? Tej zaum nws yog lub kaum ntse ntse. Zoo, cia nws ua. Yog tias peb tsav tsheb thiab tig ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ces tsis deb dhau mus los tsis dhau rov qab, tab sis raws nraim rau sab. Selina, sawv thiab tig ib ncig ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Sab laug los yog txoj cai? qhov twg koj xav tau.
Cia peb tham txog cov duab saum toj no, uas yog, cov duab plaub. Leej twg yog rog, nyias, nyias, siab, luv, tsawg oblong, ntau oblong? Koj yuav pom tseeb tias qhov daj ntawm sab xis yog ntev, nyias thiab siab. Tab sis ceev faj. Yog tias nws nyob ntawm nws sab, nws kuj yuav ntev, tab sis luv. Koj puas yuav hu nws "rog"?
3. Pib tsim lub 5 x 5 magic square.
4. Yuav ua li cas los tsim lub 5x5 magic square?
Tam sim no dua ob qhov ntxig rau cov laus nyeem. Thawj yog 100. Kuv xav tias 100 yog ib puas nyob rau hauv txhua yam lus Slavic. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau linguists. Lub npe ntawm tus lej no txawv ntawm ob pawg ntawm Indo-European hom lus, uas suav nrog txhua hom lus ntawm peb lub tebchaws, tshwj tsis yog Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian Basque thiab cov neeg tsis paub Breton.
Hauv cov lus uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv thawj nthwv dej ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws, lo lus 100 tau tsim los rau hauv (Greek) thiab (Latin), uas yog Fabkis thiab German (thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Askiv) keeb kwm. Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj hu cov lus no centums.
Peb cov lus yog nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm central los yog satemic lus, vim hais tias tom qab palatalization (softening) cov niam txiv lus coj no zoo nkauj thiab luv daim ntawv ntawm ib puas. Ib puas xyoo, ib puas xyoo, nyob ntev...
5. Rau connoisseurs. Khawv koob square ua los ntawm cov lej tseem ceeb.
Qhov thib ob ntxig yog ntev dua, tab sis zoo kawg nkaus ntawm qhov taw tes.
Mathematician thiab
Pointer BMI Kuv nug txog qhov tsim nyog. Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias qhov no yog qhov taw qhia uas sib piv thiab ntsuas qhov ua tau raws li qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob laus nrog cov txheej txheem theoretically tsim. Tus lej lej yog qhov yooj yim: faib koj qhov hnyav (hauv kilograms) los ntawm square ntawm koj qhov siab (hauv meters). Qhov kev txwv rau qhov hnyav tshaj yog suav tias yog quotient ntawm 25. Ntawm qhov ntsuas no, tus kws ntaus kis las Spanish nrov Rafael Nadal yuav luag hnyav (185 cm, 85 kg), muab BMI ntawm 24,85. Skinny li ib nti, nws Serb tus neeg sib tw Novak Djokovic yog 21,79 thiab haum yooj yim rau hauv qhov hnyav li qub. Tus sau cov lus no... kuv yuav tsis hais tias daim duab no siab npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov txwv qis ntawm qhov hnyav rau kuv (180 cm), qhov no yog ... 61 kg. Ib tug txiv neej 180-kg nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 61 kg yuav muaj tseeb poob nrog cua daj cua dub. Kuv ntseeg hais tias txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas nws tus kheej yog qhov tseeb, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kev txwv no tej zaum yuav raug yuam los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj (cov tshuaj noj zaub mov).
Cov kws kho mob lawv tus kheej paub tias qhov ntsuas no tsis suav nrog tus kheej tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob. Kuv tseem yuav ntxiv qhov tseeb lej. Cov laus poob phaus. Lawv txha nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv kuv cov hluas, kuv yog 184 cm siab, tam sim no 180 cm. Yog hais tias kuv hnyav 100 kg, ces "ces", uas yog, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm 184 cm, qhov no yuav muab ib tug ntsuas ntawm 29,5 (Kuv degree rog), thiab tam sim no tias nrog qhov siab ntawm 180 cm, nws yuav yog 30,9 (hnyav ntawm qib thib ob). Thiab tseem "Kuv" tsis ntsws, tsuas yog tus txha nraub qaum twisted.
Cia wb mus saib qhov ntsuas BMI rau "qhov ntsuas qhov tsis tu ncua." Lub ntsiab lus yog tias nws yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tau muab rau hauv metric system (kilograms thiab meters) lossis, piv txwv li, hauv lus Askiv phaus thiab ko taw. Tau kawg, cov lej yuav txawv, ib yam li cov lej qhia qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav mus los hauv mais thiab mais. Tab sis ib tus tuaj yeem tig ib qho mus rau lwm qhov yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Ntawm no yog ib tug digression. Cov mais tau yooj yim hloov mus rau mais. Tab sis thaum nug tias lub tub yees loj npaum li cas, kuv tus phooj ywg Canadian teb tias, "27 cubic feet." Thiab yuav ntse ntawm no. Qhov xwm txheej tseem phem dua thaum txiav txim siab kev siv roj ntawm lub tsheb. Hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada lawv ntsuas nws li "Kuv yuav tsav pes tsawg mais ib nkas loos?" Nyeem ntawv, tej zaum koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab (xws li) seb 60 mpg ntau dhau lossis tsawg dhau? Lwm US gallon txawv ntawm Canadian (tseem hu ua imperial) gallon. Muaj tseeb tiag, kev ntsuas ntsuas tau siv rau hauv Canada tau ntau xyoo, tab sis kev hloov tus cwj pwm tsis yooj yim.
Tab sis nrog BMI txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Txij li cov lus Askiv ko taw yog 30,48 cm thiab ib phaus yog 0,454 kg, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lus Askiv BMI (qhia hauv phaus ntawm qhov hnyav ib square feet ntawm qhov siab) yuav tsum muab sib npaug los ntawm 0,454 thiab 0,30482, uas sib npaug 4,88. Ib tus neeg 180 cm hnyav 220,26 phaus thiab 5,9 ko taw. Ob txoj hauv kev suav BMI yog tib yam, 30,9.
Tam sim no qhov nthuav tshaj plaws (los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev ua lej). Hauv ib qho ntawm kuv phau ntawv, kuv tau piav qhia txog "roundness index" - ntau npaum li cas cov duab sib npaug zoo li lub voj voog. Ntau npaum li cas - uas yog, lej "peb feem pua." Lub log yog, ntawm chav kawm, 100 feem pua tawm. Thiab lwm tus lej? Yuav ntsuas nws li cas?
Cia peb siv lub tswv yim no los ntsuas seb lub duab plaub "zoo li" zoo li lub square. Cia peb hu nws "kev ntsuas kev puas tsuaj". Lub square yuav tsum yog 100% tawg, puas yog? Tus lej xav hais tias qhov tawg ntawm ib lub square yog 1, thiab cov kab nrib pleb nqaim yog sib npaug me dua.
Cia peb siv qee yam xws li lub cev qhov ntsuas lub cev rau cov duab plaub. Faib lub cheeb tsam los ntawm lub square ntawm lub perimeter. Ib lub square nrog sab a npaum li cas? Nws tsuas yog 1/16 ntawm cov nyiaj. Yuav kom tau ib qho Performance index ntawm 1, cia peb muab los ntawm 16. Yog li ntawd lub cev qhov Performance index rau cov duab plaub yog
Tam sim no xav txog tias cov duab plaub mus rau tus kws kho mob. Tus kws kho mob hais tias "Kuv yuav suav koj BMI. Thov, ib los ntawm ib tug. Nov yog koj cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov twg yuav poob phaus?
6. Cov duab plaub twg yog rau kev poob phaus, thiab qhov twg yog anorexic? Xam lawv
Nqe lus. BMI kho tib neeg li cov tsiaj tiaj tus! Qhov ntsuas no ua haujlwm tau zoo (tsis suav rau hauv tus account qhov chaw ntawm cov qib txwv). Txawm li cas los xij, cov lej tsis ntseeg. Nws yooj yim dhau los ua generic. Cov qauv lej yooj yim dhau los piav txog cov xwm txheej lom neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog ceev faj.
Peb rov los tham hluas nkauj. Cia peb saib lwm tus lej puzzle 2. Peb pom zoo, cov menyuam yaus, nws yog qhov tseeb tias daim duab plaub tsuas muaj kaum sab xis xwb. Nws yuav coj txawv txawv yog tias nws yog lwm yam. Tab sis cov duab hauv qab no (lub xiav pyramid), lub paj liab "twist" thiab xiav pinwheel kuj muaj cov ces kaum sab xis xwb. Tej zaum lawv yog cov duab plaub? Tsis yog, tib neeg pom zoo tias cov duab plaub tsuas yog cov uas muaj plaub lub kaum sab xis, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm.
Kawm xav kom yog. Saib:
Yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi yog ib daim duab plaub, ces nws tsuas muaj lub kaum sab xis. Qhov no tsis zoo ib yam li:
Yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi tsuas muaj txoj cai kaum, nws yog ib daim duab plaub.
Vim li cas? Hloov lub duab plaub, coj tus miv thiab aub, es tsis yog lub kaum sab xis, nqa paws. Koj puas nkag siab tam sim no? Tseeb tiag!
Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg laus (thiab tsis yog xwb). Thaum kuv tseem hluas muaj ib lo lus hais tias: Kev xav muaj lub neej yav tom ntej! Kuv xav tias nws ntev dhau los lawm.
Nkag siab. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb. Puas yog ib daim duab plaub? Muaj! Nws muaj plaub lub kaum sab xis! Peb tuaj yeem hais tias ib lub xwmfab yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws txawm tias daim duab plaub. Txhua sab yog tib qhov ntev.
Peb yuav txuas ntxiv ua cov duab dhos ua si zoo nkauj. Koj paub tseeb tias tus lej lej yog dab tsi. Yog hais tias chav kawm yog teem ua khub, ces ib tug yuav tseg tsis muaj khub, los yog ... tsis tshuav. Puas yog 12 tus lej sib npaug? Yog lawm. Thaum kaum ob tus neeg xav ua si ntaus pob, nws yooj yim rau lawv los tsim ob pawg. Ob zaug rau yog kaum ob. Thiab yog tias tib neeg xav ua si ping-pong, lawv tuaj yeem tsim rau XNUMX khub. Rau qhov ob kuj yog kaum ob.
Lawv muaj dab tsi sib xws: kev sib tw, kab tshoob, kev sib tw, daim iav thiab npib? Number ob. Hauv kev sib tw, ob pawg, tus txiv neej thiab poj niam tau sib yuav (yog, txiv neej thiab poj niam - nws tau sib yuav, nws tau sib yuav). Ob tus neeg sib tw sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib tw, hauv daim iav peb pom qhov txawv me ntsis "" kuv. Cov khoom plig muaj ob sab. Lawv lub npe yog dab tsi? taub hau los yog tails. Peb muaj ib tug dav dawb hau ntawm Polish npib. Koj puas paub leej twg muaj ib tug kwv tij thiab muam? Ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, "cov ntxaib" tau siv hauv cov zos - ob lub nkoj txuas nrog, ib qho rau cov kua zaub, ib qho rau ... ib chav kawm thib ob.
Los yog tej zaum koj to taub cov lus: ob, symmetry, inversion, duality, opposite, ntxaib, duet, tandem, lwm txoj, tsis zoo, tsis kam?
Yog tias chav tsev muaj ob qhov tawm (los yog qhov nkag thiab tawm, qhov twg koj nyiam), peb puas yuav hais tias nws muaj "ob qhov rooj"? Tsis yog, nws yog qee yam tsis raug. Nws zoo li cas? Vim li cas peb thiaj hais li ntawd? Thiab yog tias peb ntxiv qhov nkag mus rau ib chav ob lub qhov rooj thiab muab lub qhov rooj rau hauv, yuav muaj pes tsawg lub qhov rooj? Peb? Aw no….
Lub "pem hauv ntej" mus koom tes nrog "rov qab". Qhov twg muaj "sab laug", kuj muaj "txoj cai", yog tias ib yam dab tsi tsis yog "saum toj", ces nws tuaj yeem yog "hauv qab". Yog tsis muaj plus, tus minus yuav tsis xav tau. Number ob yog zoo heev.
Lawv hu nkauj: “Ob tug dev…” Koj puas paub lub suab? Yog tsis yog, kawm.
Muaj pes tsawg blocks nyob rau hauv lub puzzle tom ntej? Kuv tsis paub, peb yuav tsis suav. Kuv txhais tau tias tsis suav, kuv paub tias muaj tus lej sib npaug. Vim li cas? Kasper, ua li cas kuv paub qhov no? Auj, koj twb paub lawm? Raws li koj hais? Uas sawv daws sib npaug? Rau tib yam!
Smoothly. Rau ob peb tug. Nws tsis thab koj tias lub paj liab ntawm sab laug yog tsaus dua li ntawm sab xis?
Uas tsis txawm muaj. Kuv nco qab tias thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus kuv ua si ncaws pob, ib txwm muaj teeb meem yog tias muaj xya, cuaj, kaum ib, kaum peb ntawm peb… Nws tsis tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg sib npaug. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog tias peb ua si rau ib lub hom phiaj. Tus neeg ncaws pob tsis tau koom nrog ib pab pawg. Nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm txhua lub tshuab.
Kev sib tw… tsis yog rau cov laus xwb. Muab piv txwv ntawm cov tsheb uas muaj cov lej khib (peb tsis suav lub log seem hauv lub tsheb). Muaj ib hnub kuv pom tias nws tuaj yeem yog ... lub tsheb cable rau Kasprowy Wierch - lub tsheb dov raws kab ntawm xya lub log. Tab sis tam sim no kuv tsis paub tias nws zoo li cas.
Muaj pes tsawg blocks nyob rau hauv plaub puzzle? Puas muaj tus lej lej lossis lej? Petrek, qhov no yog rau koj! Koj yuav daws nws li cas? Koj puas xav suav thiab ces koj yuav paub? Zoo, koj puas yuam kev hauv qhov kev suav no? Saib seb nws tsis muaj teeb meem.
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov lej khib tau suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no peb nyiam parity. Koj puas paub tias yog peb muab ib tug paj, ces yuav tsum muaj ib tug khib ntawm lawv? Tau kawg, qhov no tsis siv rau cov pob paj loj.
Ib qho kev nyuaj siab ... tej zaum tsis yog rau cov laus xwb. Leej twg yog tus tsim nyog ntawm cov lus ua tsaug, paj thiab kev hwm los ntawm peb txhua tus (thiab cia peb tsis txhob ntshai ntawm qhov no - khoom plig khoom plig!) Rau tus kheej, qaug zog, ntev, nyuaj thiab pheej hmoo ua haujlwm kom peb tsis txhob mob, thiab yog tias peb tau mob, zoo li sai tau?
