Polish yi thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Loj, ntu 4
"Polski's Treasures with the Baltic Hiav Txwv", ib daim duab los ntawm Wojciech Kossak piav txog cov xwm txheej hauv Puck, Lub Ob Hlis 10, 19920. Pomeranian Rifle Division pib nws txoj haujlwm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16 hauv Torun. Nws tau koom nrog 18th Wielkopolska Rifle Division (2nd Infantry Division). Lub Ob Hlis 15, 11, cov tub rog kawg tawm hauv Gdansk.
1918 coj kev ywj pheej rau Poles, tab sis lub xeev Polish tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1919. Nws yog nyob rau hauv 1919 uas tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub internal qauv ntawm lub xeev thiab nrhiav kev pab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ywj pheej ntawm Western Europe. Lawv nyob twj ywm rau hnub no. Xyoo 1919, Tebchaws Polish tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis lawv tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb xwb. Qhov kev sim tiag tiag rau cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev thiab nws cov tub rog yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv 1920.
Nyob rau ua ntej ntawm kev ywj pheej, Poland tsuas muaj ib tug token tub rog quab yuam. Lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tsim los ntawm ntau txhiab tus tub rog ntawm Tub Rog ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog tau nce ob npaug thiab ntau dua 10. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis, cov tub rog tshiab tau tshwm sim: cov tub rog qub ntawm Austro-Hungarian tau raug Polonized nyob rau hauv tsawg dua Poland, thiab cov koom haum ntawm Polish Military Organization (VOEN) tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub qub Kingdom. ntawm Poland. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua zoo: qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog huab tais huab tais tau ua rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm, thaum nyob rau hauv lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland cov chav nyob ntawm cov neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm pej xeem kev txiav txim. Kev tsim ntawm kev txiav txim sab hauv - kev tshem riam phom ntawm ntau pab pawg thiab cov neeg laib, kev tshem tawm ntawm tus kheej tshaj tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb - txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum pib xyoo 000.
Cov tub rog tsis muaj zog ntawm Poland yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias rau thawj qhov kev ua tub rog loj, kev ywj pheej ntawm Lvov, pawg neeg sib ntaus sib tua tsawg dua 2000 tus neeg tau faib. Yog li ntawd, Lvov yuav tsum sib ntaus ib leeg rau ob peb lub lis piam. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus yeeb ncuab sab nraud - thaum tig ntawm 1918 thiab 1919 cov no feem ntau yog Rusyns, Czechs thiab Lavxias-Bolsheviks - dag lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tshwj xeeb detachments nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1918, plaub pawg no txhais tau hais tias cov tub rog Polish suav txog 50 tus tub rog. Qhov thib tsib ntawm cov tub rog yog Pawg Tub Rog Tebchaws Poland, tau tsim los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 000, thiab thib rau yog "Blue" Army, uas yog, cov tub rog tau koom nrog Fabkis thiab Ltalis.
Kev tsim kho thiab nthuav dav ntawm Polish Army
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog yog infantry. Nws lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua yog ib pab tub rog ntawm ntau pua tus tub rog. Cov tub rog yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm thiab kev cob qhia: xws li cov tub rog muaj tub ceev xwm nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas nws tau cob qhia cov tub rog, hnav khaub ncaws thiab pub rau lawv. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tsawg dua, vim tias kev faib yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev faib tawm yog kev tsim kev sib tw, ib hom tub rog hauv me me: nws koom ua tub rog infantry battalions, artillery batteries thiab cavalry squadrons, ua tsaug rau nws nws tus kheej ua txhua hom kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv kev xyaum, ib pab tub rog tsis tau npaj rau hauv kev sib faib yog tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis yog ib pab tub rog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog lub koom haum ntawm kev txiav txim.
Txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1919, tsis muaj kev sib cais hauv Polish Army. Ntau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau pem hauv ntej, thiab cov tub rog tau tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem pab dawb hauv lub tebchaws. Rau ntau yam, daim ntawv tsis tau ua tiav hauv thawj lub hlis. Cov qub tub rog tawv tawv ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj xav rov qab mus rau lawv tsev neeg sai li sai tau, thiab lawv txoj kev hu rau caj npab tuaj yeem xaus rau hauv kev tawm tsam loj thiab txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb pawg tub rog muaj revolutionary ferment, nws yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum lub mus ob peb vas calmed. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koom haum ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Polish xeev tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev sau npe: npaj cov npe ntawm cov neeg sau npe, muab lawv, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, yuam cov neeg tsis kam hnav khaub ncaws. Tab sis qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj nyiaj. Ib pab tub rog raug nqi nyiaj, yog li ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj muaj peev txheej dab tsi, teeb tsa ib qho nyiaj txiag, thiab tsim kom muaj kev sau se kom zoo. Conscription tau qhia thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1919 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm.
Thaum pib, nws tau npaj los tsim 12 infantry Division, tab sis tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias lub xeev Polish tau tso cai rau tus lej no kom nce ntxiv. Kev faib pib tsuas yog tsim thaum lub Peb Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis 1919. Txawm hais tias cov chav me me thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo tau tawm tsam cov neeg ua phem rau ob peb lub hlis, lawv txoj kev mob siab kho siab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npaj tau cov tub rog uas muaj zog thiab npaj txhij, uas tuaj txog yuav luag tam sim ntawd hloov cov xwm txheej. txoj hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam. Thiab txawm hais tias, ntxiv rau cov tub rog tub rog, cov tub rog kuj tau tsim tsa rau hauv kev ywj pheej tactical formations - artillery, sappers, muaj zog heev aviation thiab tsis muaj zog armored riam phom - lub zog ntawm kev tsim ntawm infantry division feem ntau qhia meej txog kev nom kev tswv, nyiaj txiag thiab. tub rog teeb meem ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev Polish.
Thawj peb pawg tau teeb tsa ua tsaug rau legionnaires. Ob tug ntawm lawv tau tawm tsam Lavxias teb sab Bolsheviks thiab tso tawm Vilnius nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1919. Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb ntawm tus qub ciam teb tiv thaiv tus kheej los ntawm Kaunas mus rau Minsk tau tawm tsam nrog lawv. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1919, muaj ob txoj kev faib tawm, uas tau hu ua Lithuanian-Belarusian. Lawv tseem nyob twj ywm sib cais los ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog Polish, thiab lawv cov tub rog tau los ua tus tsav tsheb tom qab General Żeligowski qhov kev ua hauv Vilnius. Tom qab tsov rog, lawv tau los ua 19th thiab 20th Rifle Divisions.
Lub 3nd infantry faib ntawm lub legion tiv thaiv Rusyns thiab Ukrainians. Ob tug ntxiv tau tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub pem hauv ntej: 4th Rifle Regiment yog ib feem ntawm lub qub Lviv pab, thiab lub 5th Rifle Regiment yog ib feem ntawm lub Lvov brigade. Cov nram qab no tau tsim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv lub tebchaws qub thiab qub Galicia: 6th Infantry Regiment hauv Krakow, 7th Infantry Regiment hauv Częstochowa, 8th Infantry Regiment hauv Warsaw. Thaum Lub Rau Hli, 9th Rifle Division tau tsim nyob rau hauv Polesie thiab 10th Rifle Division tau tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Lodz regiments nrog Polish 4th Rifle Division, uas nyuam qhuav tuaj txog hauv lub tebchaws.
