Qhov nce ntawm German armored rog

Kev nce ntawm German armored rog. Lub zog ntawm German armored faib nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II nteg tsis tau ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv cov khoom zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub koom haum thiab kev cob qhia cov tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Panzerwaffe tseem tsis yog lub ntsiab lus nkag siab. Txawm tias muaj ntau pua phau ntawv thiab ntau txhiab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lub ncauj lus no, tseem muaj ntau cov lus nug uas yuav tsum tau qhia meej txog kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov no yog vim, ntawm lwm yam, rau lub npe tom qab Colonel General Heinz Guderian, uas nws lub luag hauj lwm yog feem ntau overestimated.

Cov kev txwv ntawm Treaty of Versailles, kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tau kos npe rau lub Rau Hli 28, 1919, uas tau tsim ib qho kev txiav txim tshiab hauv Tebchaws Europe tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov tub rog German. Raws li Tshooj 159-213 ntawm qhov kev cog lus no, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsuas tuaj yeem muaj lub zog tiv thaiv me me, tsis pub tshaj 100 15 tus tub ceev xwm, cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog thiab tub rog (xws li tsis pub ntau tshaj 000 6 hauv tub rog), tau koom ua xya pawg tub rog thiab peb cavalry division. thiab ib lub nkoj me me (6 lub nkoj qub, 12 lub nkoj nkoj, 12 lub nkoj tua, 77 lub nkoj torpedo). Nws raug txwv tsis pub muaj tub rog dav hlau, tso tsheb hlau luam, cov phom loj uas muaj ntau tshaj 12 hli, submarines thiab riam phom tshuaj. Hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees (piv txwv li, hauv Rhine Valley), lub fortifications raug yuam kom rhuav tshem, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab raug txwv. Kev ua tub rog dav dav raug txwv, cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog yuav tsum ua tub rog tsawg kawg 25 xyoo, thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsawg kawg yog XNUMX xyoo. Cov neeg ua haujlwm German General, suav hais tias yog lub hlwb tshwj xeeb-npaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog, kuj tseem yuav raug tshem tawm.

Xyoo 1925, thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv German tau tsim nyob rau hauv Wünsdorf ze Berlin los ua cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ceev xwm tank.

Lub xeev German tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj (nrog rau cov tub rog Soviet thiab Polish sim ua kom tau raws li qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv tus kheej), txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 1918, thaum Emperor Wilhelm II raug yuam kom abdicate, mus rau 6 Lub Ob Hlis 1919 - hu ua. Weimar Republic. Lub hauv paus kev cai lij choj tshiab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev, suav nrog tsab cai lij choj tshiab, tau tsim nyob rau hauv Weimar txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918 txog rau thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1919, thaum lub sijhawm National Assembly tau sib tham. Lub Ob Hlis 6, German koom pheej tau tshaj tawm hauv Weimar, tuav lub npe Deutsches Reich (German Reich, uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog German Empire), txawm hais tias lub xeev tshiab tau raug hu ua Weimar Republic.

Nws yog tsim nyog ntxiv ntawm no tias lub npe German Reich muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 962th, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Holy Roman faj tim teb chaws (tsim nyob rau hauv 1032), uas muaj xws li theoretically sib npaug kingdoms ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lub nceeg vaj ntawm ltalis, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam. Tsis tsuas yog niaj hnub lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab sab qaum teb Ltalis, tab sis kuj Switzerland, Austria, Belgium thiab Netherlands (txij li xyoo 1353). Nyob rau hauv 1648, cov neeg ntxeev siab Franco-German-Italian cov pej xeem ntawm me me nruab nrab-sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman yeej kev ywj pheej, tsim ib lub xeev tshiab - Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv 1806, lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm ltalis tau los ua ywj siab, thiab cov seem ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tam sim no muaj feem ntau ntawm cov Germanic lub xeev, uas thaum lub sij hawm tau txiav txim los ntawm lub Habsburgs, tom qab dynasty uas kav Austria-Hungary. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no truncated Holy Roman faj tim teb chaws pib hu ua lub German Reich. Ntxiv nrog rau lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Prussia, lwm lub tebchaws Yelemes muaj cov thawj coj me me, ua raws txoj cai ywj pheej thiab muaj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, tswj hwm los ntawm Austrian huab tais. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Napoleonic Tsov rog, lub yeej dawb huv Roman faj tim teb chaws tau yaj nyob rau hauv 1815, thiab lub Confederation ntawm lub Rhine (nyob rau hauv lub protectorate ntawm Napoleon) tau tsim los ntawm nws sab hnub poob, uas tau hloov nyob rau hauv 1701 los ntawm German Confederation - dua nyob rau hauv lub protectorate ntawm. lub tebchaws Austrian. Nws suav nrog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog rau ob lub nceeg vaj tshiab - Bavaria thiab Saxony. Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Prussia (tsim nyob rau hauv 1806) tseem yog ib lub xeev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv 1866 nrog Berlin ua nws lub peev. Yog li, lub peev ntawm lub koom haum hu ua German Confederation yog Frankfurt am Main. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th ua tus txheej txheem ntawm German reunification pib, thiab nyob rau hauv 1871, tom qab tsov rog nrog Austria, Prussia nqos tag nrho sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1888, 47, tom qab ua tsov rog nrog Fabkis, lub tebchaws German tau tsim nrog Prussia ua nws cov khoom muaj zog tshaj plaws. Wilhelm kuv ntawm Hohenzollern yog thawj tus huab tais ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees (thaum emperors dhuav lub npe ntawm Roman emperors), thiab Otto von Bismarck yog tus thawj tswj hwm, los yog thawj nom tswv. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tshiab tau raug hu ua Deutsches Reich, tab sis tsis raug cai hu ua Thib Ob German Reich. Xyoo 1918, Frederick III tau los ua tus Emperor thib ob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ob peb lub hlis, thiab tsis ntev los no tau ua tiav los ntawm Wilhelm II. Lub hnub qub ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tshiab tsuas yog XNUMX xyoo xwb, thiab xyoo XNUMX kev txaus siab thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg German tau rov faus dua. Lub koom pheej Weimar zoo li lub ambition ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tsuas yog ib tug caricature ntawm ib lub xeev nyob deb ntawm superpower raws li txoj cai, uas yog undoubtedly lub Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws los ntawm lub XNUMXth mus rau lub xyoo pua XNUMXth (nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMXth nws pib tawg mus rau hauv xoob kev cob cog rua lub tseem ceeb) thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. Kev kav ntawm Ottonian dynasty, tom qab ntawd Hohenstaufen thiab tom qab ntawd German dynasty empires

Gaugencollern (1871-1918).

Tsav tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub teeb tank Panzer I (Panzerkampfwagen), thawj lub tank ntawm peb Reich.

Rau cov tub ceev xwm German, tau coj mus rau ntau tiam neeg hauv lub siab ntawm huab tais huab tais thiab lub hwj chim loj, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nom kev tswv nrog cov tub rog txwv tsis yog ib yam dab tsi ua rau txaj muag, tab sis tag nrho kev puas tsuaj. Tau ntau pua xyoo, lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tawm tsam rau kev tswj hwm ntawm European sab av loj, xav txog nws tus kheej rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej yog tus txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, tus thawj coj nyob sab Europe, qhov twg lwm lub tebchaws tsuas yog thaj chaw qus, uas nws nyuaj rau lawv xav txog qhov. humiliating degradation rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib co hom ntawm nruab nrab xeev. Yog li, kev txhawb siab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm German kom nce kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv cov tub rog muaj zog ntau dua li cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas ntau dua ntawm lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Reichswehr

Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, cov tub rog German (Deutsches Heer thiab Kaiserliche Marine) tau tawg. Qee cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau rov qab los tsev tom qab tshaj tawm ntawm kev tso tseg, tawm hauv kev pabcuam, lwm tus tau koom nrog Freikorps, i.e. kev yeem, fanatical formations uas sim cawm cov seem ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman uas lawv tuaj yeem ua tau - nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, hauv kev tawm tsam Bolsheviks. Cov pab pawg tsis koom nrog rov qab mus rau garrions hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, cov Poles ib nrab tshem riam phom thiab ib nrab yeej cov tub rog German demoralized hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua (piv txwv li, hauv Wielkopolska Uprising).

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 6, 1919, cov tub rog imperial tau raug tshem tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw, kws muaj txuj ci Minister Gustav Noske tau xaiv ib tug tshiab republican tub rog, lub Reichswehr. Thaum pib, lub Reichswehr muaj txog 400 tus txiv neej. txiv neej, uas nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub qub rog ntawm tus huab tais, tab sis tsis ntev nws yuav tsum tau txo mus rau 100 1920 neeg. Lub xeev no tau mus txog los ntawm Reichswehr los ntawm nruab nrab-1872. Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Reichswehr (Chef der Heeresleitung) yog Major General Walter Reinhardt (1930-1920), uas tau ua tiav Colonel General Johannes Friedrich "Hans" von Seeckt (1866–1936) hauv Peb Hlis XNUMX.

Nyob rau hauv 1928, daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog Daimler-Benz, Krupp thiab Rheinmetall-Borsig los tsim ib lub teeb tank qauv. Txhua lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau ua ob daim ntawv luam.

Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum 11, General Hans von Seeckt tau ua tus Thawj Coj ntawm Marshal August von Mackensen's 1915th Army, sib ntaus sib tua xyoo XNUMX nyob rau sab hnub tuaj hauv thaj av Tarnow thiab Gorlice, tom qab ntawd tawm tsam Serbia thiab tom qab ntawd Romania - yeej ob qho kev sib tw. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tsov ua rog, nws tau coj kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog German los ntawm Poland, uas tau rov ua nws txoj kev ywj pheej. Tom qab nws tau teem caij mus rau txoj haujlwm tshiab, Colonel-General Hans von Seeckt tau txais kev txaus siab rau lub koom haum ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua-npaj, cov tub rog tshaj lij, tab tom nrhiav kom tau txais qhov muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog muaj.

Thawj kauj ruam yog kev ua haujlwm siab - kev tsom mus rau kev tau txais qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev cob qhia rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm, los ntawm ntiav mus rau generals. Cov tub rog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, Prussian tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tawm tsam, txij li thaum, raws li von Seeckt, tsuas yog kev tawm tsam, kev txhoj puab heev tuaj yeem ua kom muaj yeej los ntawm kev kov yeej lub zog ntawm tus neeg ua phem uas yuav tawm tsam lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov thib ob yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov tub rog nrog cov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws, ua ib feem ntawm kev cog lus, kom "khoov dua" qhov twg los tau. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib tham dav dav hauv Reichswehr txog qhov ua rau poob hauv Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab cov lus xaus uas tuaj yeem rub los ntawm qhov no. Nws tsuas yog tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kev sib cav no uas cov kev sib tham tau tshwm sim txog cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov rog nyob rau theem tactical thiab kev ua haujlwm, tsom mus rau kev tsim cov lus qhuab qhia tshiab, kev hloov pauv tub rog uas yuav ua rau Reichswehr qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo dua li muaj zog tab sis ntau tus neeg sib tw.

Daim duab npaj los ntawm Krupp. Ob lub tuam txhab tau tsim los ntawm tus qauv ntawm German LK II lub teeb tank (1918), uas tau npaj yuav muab tso rau hauv cov khoom lag luam.

Hauv kev qhia txog kev ua tsov ua rog, General von Seeckt tau sau tseg tias qhov loj, hnyav tsim los ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj zog muaj zog tsis muaj zog thiab xav tau cov khoom siv tas li, hnyav heev. Ib pab tub rog me me, tau txais kev cob qhia zoo tau muab kev cia siab tias nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab cov teeb meem kev txhawb nqa logistical yuav daws tau yooj yim dua. Von Seeckt qhov kev paub dhau los hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm me ntsis ntau dua li nyob rau sab hnub poob khov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ua rau nws nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev txiav txim siab tus lej zoo tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev txav mus los ntawm kev sib tw thiab kev ua haujlwm. . Kev ceev, txiav txim siab maneuver yuav tsum muab lub hauv paus kom zoo dua thiab siv cov cib fim - tus yeeb ncuab cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog, tso cai rau kev tawg ntawm nws cov kab kev tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab txiav txim siab hauv qhov tob ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsom rau kev tuag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tom qab. . Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txav siab, cov chav nyob hauv txhua qib yuav tsum tswj hwm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau hom riam phom (infantry, cavalry, artillery, sappers thiab kev sib txuas lus). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog yuav tsum tau nruab nrog riam phom raws li kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias muaj qee yam kev saib xyuas hauv kev xav (von Seeckt tsis yog ib tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau dhau ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog, nws ntshai ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab), nws yog von Seeckt uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej cov lus qhia ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog German. Rov qab rau xyoo 1921, nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev txhawb nqa hauv Reichswehr, cov lus qhia "Command and combat together arms weapons" (Führung und Gefecht der Verbundenen Waffen; FuG) tau tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua phem, txiav txim siab, npaj txhij txog thiab ceev, tsom rau ob sab tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab lossis txawm tias ib sab ntawm ib sab kom txiav nws tawm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txwv nws chav rau kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, von Seeckt tsis yig los muab los pab txhawb txoj haujlwm no los ntawm kev siv riam phom tshiab xws li tso tsheb hlau luam lossis dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, nws yog ib txwm ib txwm. Hloov chaw, nws tau xav kom tau txais kev kawm siab, kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev koom tes zoo tshaj plaws raws li kev lav phib xaub ntawm kev ua tau zoo, txiav txim siab tactical thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm siv cov kev ua tsov rog ib txwm muaj. Nws cov kev xav tau qhia los ntawm ntau tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Reichswehr, xws li General Friedrich von Theisen (1866-1940), uas nws cov ntawv tau txhawb nqa cov kev xav ntawm General von Seeckt.

General Hans von Seeckt tsis yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv thiab, tsis tas li ntawd, tsis xav nthuav tawm lub tebchaws Yelemes rau kev ua pauj kev ua pauj ntawm cov phoojywg hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm Treaty of Versailles, tab sis twb nyob rau xyoo 1924 nws tau txiav txim siab. tub ceev xwm lub luag hauj lwm rau kev kawm thiab qhia armored tactics.

Ntxiv rau von Seeckt, nws tsim nyog hais txog ob tus kws tshaj lij ntxiv ntawm Weimar Republic uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm German kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Joachim von Stülpnagel (1880-1968; tsis txhob totaub nrog cov npe zoo dua - Generals Otto von Stülpnagel thiab Karl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, kwv tij txheeb ze uas tau txib cov tub rog German nyob rau Fabkis xyoo 1940-1942-1942) 1944- Nyob rau xyoo 1922, nws tau ua tus Thawj Coj Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Truppenamt, i.e. cov lus txib ntawm Reichswehr, thiab tom qab ntawd tuav ntau txoj haujlwm: los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog tub rog nyob rau hauv 1926 mus rau tus thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht cia tub rog los ntawm 1926 nrog rau qib ntawm lieutenant general. Tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog tom qab thuam Hitler cov cai hauv xyoo 1938, Joachim von Stülpnagel, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv xov tooj, tau qhia rau German tus tswv yim xav txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev qhia ntawv rau tag nrho lub zej zog ntawm kev npaj ua tsov rog. Nws mus ntxiv - nws yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog thiab txhais tau tias rau kev ua haujlwm koom nrog tom qab yeeb ncuab kab uas yuav tawm tsam lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws tau npaj lub npe hu ua Volkkrieg - kev ua tsov ua rog "neeg", uas txhua tus pej xeem, kev coj ncaj ncees tau npaj nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, yuav ntsib cov yeeb ncuab ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj - los ntawm kev koom nrog kev tsim txom ntawm pawg neeg. Tsuas yog tom qab cov yeeb ncuab rog dhau los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua guerrilla, yuav tsum muaj kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua, uas, siv kev txav mus los, nrawm thiab lub zog hluav taws xob, yuav tsum kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zog, ob qho tib si ntawm lawv tus kheej thaj chaw thiab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaj chaw, thaum caum tus yeeb ncuab khiav. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zog tub rog yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm von Stulpnagel lub tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim no tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv Reichswehr lossis hauv Wehrmacht.

Wilhelm Gröner (1867-1939), tus tub ceev xwm German, tau ua haujlwm ntau yam haujlwm thaum ua tsov rog, tab sis thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1918 nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 26th Army Corps, uas nyob hauv Ukraine, thiab tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1918, 1920, thaum Erich Ludendorff raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm, nws tau hloov los ntawm General Wilhelm Groener. Nws tsis tau tuav txoj haujlwm siab hauv Reichswehr thiab hauv 1928 tau tawm ntawm cov tub rog nrog rau qib lieutenant general. Nws nkag mus rau kev nom kev tswv, ua yeeb yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov haujlwm ntawm Minister of Transport. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1932 thiab Tsib Hlis XNUMX, nws yog Minister of Defense ntawm Weimar Republic.

Wilhelm Groener tau qhia von Seeckt cov kev xav ua ntej uas tsuas yog txiav txim siab thiab ua phem sai tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog thiab, yog li ntawd, kom yeej. Kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, Wilhelm Groener kuj tau qhia txog lub ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev npaj tswv yim rau cov neeg German - qhov kev npaj no nruj me ntsis raws li kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub xeev. Nws ntseeg tias kev ua tub rog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nws cov kev ua, tsom rau kev tswj hwm nyiaj txiag nruj tshaj kev yuav khoom rau cov tub rog, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau ntsib nrog kev nkag siab los ntawm cov tub rog, uas ntseeg tias txhua yam hauv lub xeev yuav tsum tau ua raws li nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, cov pej xeem yuav tsum tau npaj txhij los ris. lub nra ntawm riam phom. Nws cov neeg ua tiav hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tsis tau qhia nws cov kev xav txog nyiaj txiag. Interestingly, Wilhelm Gröner kuj tau nthuav tawm nws lub zeem muag ntawm yav tom ntej pab tub rog German nrog cov tub rog tsav tsheb thiab cov tub rog, nrog rau cov tub rog tub rog uas muaj riam phom niaj hnub tiv thaiv tank. Nyob rau hauv nws, kev sim maneuvers pib ua nrog loj heev (txawm tias simulated) siv high-speed formations. Ib qho ntawm cov kev tawm dag zog no tau tuav tom qab Groener tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1932, hauv Frankfurt ib cheeb tsam der Oder. Lub "xiav" sab, tus tiv thaiv, raug txib los ntawm Lieutenant General Gerd von Rundstedt (1875-1953), tus thawj coj ntawm 3rd Infantry Division los ntawm Berlin, thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam, hnyav nruab nrog cavalry, motorized thiab armored formations (tshwj tsis yog rau cavalry. , feem ntau yog qauv, sawv cev los ntawm cov me me motorized units) - Lieutenant General Fedor von Bock, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Infantry Division los ntawm Szczecin. Cov kev tawm dag zog no tau pom tias muaj teeb meem hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tsav tsheb; Tom qab lawv ua tiav, cov Germans tsis tau sim tsim cov cavalry-mechanized units, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab ib feem nyob rau hauv lub US.

Kurt von Schleicher (1882–1934), kuj yog ib tug thawj coj uas tseem nyob hauv Reichswehr mus txog 1932, ua tus Minister of Defense los ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1932 txog Lub Ib Hlis 1933, thiab rau lub sijhawm luv luv (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1932–Lub Ib Hlis 1933) kuj yog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ib tug muaj zog ntseeg nyob rau hauv zais cia riam phom, txawm tus nqi. Thawj thiab tsuas yog "Nazi" Minister of Defense (Minister of War los ntawm 1935), Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, tau saib xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm Reichswehr rau hauv Wehrmacht, saib xyuas kev nthuav dav loj ntawm German tub rog, tsis hais tus nqi ntawm cov tub rog. txheej txheem. . Werner von Blomberg tseem nyob hauv nws txoj haujlwm txij Lub Ib Hlis 1933 txog Lub Ib Hlis 1938, thaum Lub Chaw Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm tau ua tiav, thiab Lub Ob Hlis 4, 1938, Wehrmacht High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) tau raug tsa, coj los ntawm Artillery General Wilhelm Keitel. (txij thaum Lub Xya Hli 1940 - field marshal).

Thawj German armored theorists

Tus kws tshaj lij German nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub txawb yog Colonel General Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (1888-1954), tus sau phau ntawv nto moo Achtung-Panzer! tuag Entwicklung der Panzerwaffe, ihre Kampftaktik und ihre operan Möglichkeiten” (Kev ceev faj, tso tsheb hlau luam! Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm armored rog, lawv tactics thiab kev ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm), luam tawm nyob rau hauv Stuttgart nyob rau hauv 1937. Qhov tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, German lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv armored rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. tau tsim los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntau yam tsawg dua paub thiab tam sim no tsis nco qab theorists. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm - mus txog rau thaum 1935 - lawv tau txais kev pab ntau dua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm German armored rog tshaj li tus thawj coj, thiab tom qab Major Heinz Guderian. Nws pom lub tank thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1929 hauv Sweden thiab ua ntej nws tsis txaus siab rau cov tub rog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias los ntawm qhov no, Reichswehr tau zais cia nws thawj ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab Guderian kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem no yog xoom. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm yog feem ntau txuas nrog kev nyeem nws cov ntawv nyeem dav dav "Erinnerungen eines Soldaten" ("Memoirs of a Soldier"), luam tawm xyoo 1951, thiab qee qhov twg tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov ntawv sau cia ntawm Marshal Georgy Zhukov "Memoirs. thiab Reflections ”(Memories of a Soldier) xyoo 1969 - los ntawm kev qhuas lawv tus kheej ua tiav. Thiab txawm hais tias Heinz Guderian tsis ntseeg tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais txog cov neeg uas tau ploj mus los ntawm nws cov lus dab neeg inflated thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm cov keeb kwm.

Cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav tau zoo sib xws hauv cov tsos, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsim ntawm kev sib kis, kev ncua thiab lub kauj. Daim duab saum toj kawg nkaus yog Krupp qauv, daim duab hauv qab yog Rheinmetall-Borsig.

Thawj tus paub German theorist ntawm kev ua haujlwm armored yog Lieutenant (tom qab Lieutenant Colonel) Ernst Volkheim (1898-1962), uas tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog Kaiser los ntawm 1915, tau nce mus rau thawj tus tub ceev xwm hauv 1916. Los ntawm 1917 nws tau ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog phom loj, thiab txij lub Plaub Hlis 1918 nws tau nkag mus rau qhov kev pabcuam hauv thawj German armored formations. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib tug tanker thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Reichswehr nws tau raug xa mus rau lub thauj kev pab cuam - Kraftfahrtruppe. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws raug xa mus rau lub Inspectorate ntawm lub thauj Service, qhov uas nws kawm txog kev siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ua tsov ua rog. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1923, nws thawj phau ntawv, Die deutschen Kampfwagen im Weltkriege (German tanks nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug), tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Berlin, nyob rau hauv uas nws hais txog cov kev paub ntawm kev siv tank nyob rau hauv lub battlefield, thiab nws tus kheej kev paub raws li ib tug tuam txhab commander. kuj pab tau. tanks nyob rau hauv 1918. Ib xyoo tom qab, nws phau ntawv thib ob, Der Kampfwagen hauv der heutigen Kriegführung (Tsev tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub), uas tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog thawj German theoretical ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov tub rog hauv kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv lub Reichswehr, infantry yog tseem xam tau tias yog lub tseem ceeb striking quab yuam, thiab tso tsheb hlau luam - ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab tiv thaiv kev ua ntawm infantry nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog engineer troops los yog kev sib txuas lus. Ernst Volkheim tau sib cav hais tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau underestimated nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees twb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug thiab hais tias armored rog muaj peev xwm tsim lub ntsiab striking quab yuam, thaum infantry ua raws li lub tso tsheb hlau luam, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab consolidated dab tsi tau ua tiav. Volkheim kuj tau siv qhov kev sib cav hais tias yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tshua muaj nqi ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, yog vim li cas cov phoojywg thiaj li txwv tsis pub cov Germans muaj lawv? Nws ntseeg tias kev tsim lub tank tuaj yeem tiv taus txhua hom yeeb ncuab cov tub rog hauv av thiab tuaj yeem siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Raws li nws, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb yuav tsum yog lub tank hnyav nruab nrab, uas, thaum tuav nws txoj kev txav mus los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kuj tseem yuav muaj riam phom hnyav nrog rab phom loj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem txhua yam khoom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, suav nrog cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Hais txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tub rog, Ernst Volkheim tau ua siab loj hais tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum yog lawv lub zog tseem ceeb thiab infantry yuav tsum yog lawv cov riam phom tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub Reichswehr, qhov twg infantry yuav tsum tau tswj lub battlefield, xws li ib tug saib - hais txog lub luag hauj lwm pab ntawm infantry nyob rau hauv relation to armored formations - twb txhais raws li heresy.

Nyob rau hauv 1925, Lieutenant Volkheim tau txais mus rau tub ceev xwm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Dresden, qhov chaw uas nws qhia txog armored tactics. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws phau ntawv thib peb, Der Kampfwagen und Abwehr dagegen (Tanks thiab anti-tank tiv thaiv), tau luam tawm, uas tau tham txog cov tactics ntawm tank units. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, nws kuj tau nthuav tawm cov kev xav tias kev tsim cov cuab yeej technology yuav tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ceev ceev, txhim khu kev qha, zoo-tsim thiab armored tanks uas muaj peev xwm hla lub teb chaws. Nruab nrog cov xov tooj cua los tswj lawv kom zoo, lawv yuav muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb, coj kev ua tsov rog mus rau theem tshiab. Nws kuj tau sau tias yav tom ntej nws yuav muaj peev xwm txhim kho tag nrho cov kab ntawm cov tsheb armored tsim los daws ntau yam haujlwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev ua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev thauj cov tub rog, muaj peev xwm hla lub teb chaws tib yam thiab zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv tshiab, nws kuj tau ua tib zoo xav txog qhov xav tau ntawm "ib txwm" infantry los npaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tank - los ntawm kev siv cov pab pawg tsim nyog, camouflage thiab teeb tsa cov phom muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv cov lus qhia ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws kuj tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cob qhia infantry nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tswj lub siab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees thaum ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam.

Xyoo 1932-1933, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Volkheim yog tus kws qhia ntawm Kama Soviet-German armored tsev kawm ntawv hauv Kazan, qhov chaw nws kuj tau cob qhia cov tub rog tub rog Soviet. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tau luam tawm ntau cov ntawv hauv "Tygodnik Wojskowy" (Militär Wochenblatt). Nyob rau hauv 1940 nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Panzer-Abteilung zbV 40 tank battalion ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Norway, thiab nyob rau hauv 1941 nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Panzertruppenschule nyob rau hauv Wünsdorf, qhov chaw uas nws tseem nyob rau hauv 1942, thaum nws so haujlwm.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam thawj zaug, Volkheim cov kev xav tau pib pom ntau thiab ntau dua hauv av hauv Reichswehr, thiab ntawm cov neeg uas tsawg kawg yog ib feem qhia nws cov kev xav yog Colonel Werner von Fritsch (1888-1939; los ntawm 1932 loj ntawm cov tub rog, los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1934 tus thawj coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Thaj Av (Obeerkommando des Heeres; OKH) nrog rau qib lieutenant general, thiab thaum kawg colonel general, raws li zoo raws li loj general Werner von Blomberg (1878-1946; tom qab teb marshal), ces tus thawj coj ntawm kev cob qhia ntawm lub Reichswehr, los ntawm 1933. Minister of War, thiab txij li thaum xyoo 1935 kuj yog thawj Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm German Tub Rog (Wehrmacht, OKW) Lawv cov kev xav, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog li ntawd, tab sis ob leeg txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog - yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej. txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau pab pawg neeg poob siab ntawm cov tub rog German Hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv hauv Militär Wochenblatt, Werner von Fritsch tau sau tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo li yuav yog riam phom txiav txim siab ntawm qib ua haujlwm thiab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev pom lawv yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog tias tsim nyog hauv loj units xws li armored brigades. Nyob rau hauv lem, Werner von Blomberg thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1927 tau npaj cov lus qhia rau kev cob qhia cov tub rog armored uas tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Guderian nyob rau hauv nws memoirs accuses ob qho tag nrho cov saum toj no generals ntawm conservatism thaum nws los txog rau kev siv ceev ceev cov tub rog, tab sis qhov no tsis muaj tseeb - tsuas yog lub complex xwm ntawm Guderian, nws complacency thiab nyob mus ib txhis thuam ntawm nws superiors uas thoob plaws hauv nws cov tub rog ua hauj lwm kev sib raug zoo nrog. nws cov thawj coj tsawg kawg yog strained. Leej twg tsis pom zoo nrog nws, Guderian liam nyob rau hauv nws memoirs ntawm rov qab thiab tsis to taub txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog niaj hnub no.

Major (tom qab Major General) Ritter Ludwig von Radlmeier (1887-1943) yog ib tug tub ceev xwm hauv 10th Bavarian Infantry Regiment los ntawm 1908, thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog kuj yog ib tug tub ceev xwm hauv German armored units. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, nws rov qab mus rau lub infantry, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1924 nws tau raug xa mus rau ib tug ntawm xya lub battalions ntawm lub Reichswehr - lub 7th (Bayerischen) Kraftfahr-Abteilung. Cov battalions no tau tsim raws li lub koom haum Reichswehr cov kab kos, kos raws li Treaty of Versailles, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev muab infantry divisions. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, lawv tau dhau los ua kev tsim qauv thoob ntiaj teb, txij li lawv lub nkoj ntawm ntau lub tsheb, los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau maus taus thiab txawm tias ob peb (tso cai los ntawm kev cog lus) cov tsheb armored, tau siv dav hauv thawj qhov kev sim nrog kev siv tshuab. tub rog. Nws yog cov battalions uas tau pom cov qauv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam siv hauv Reichswehr rau kev cob qhia hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tank, nrog rau kev xyaum siv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tub ceev xwm uas muaj kev paub dhau los nrog kev siv tshuab (xws li cov tub rog qub tub rog) tau nkag mus rau cov tub rog no, thiab lwm yam, cov tub ceev xwm los ntawm lwm ceg ntawm tub rog, rau kev rau txim. Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm German siab hais kom ua, lub tsheb thauj battalions yog, rau qee qhov, cov neeg ua tiav ntawm Kaiser cov kev pabcuam dov. Raws li Prussian cov tub rog ntsuj plig, ib tug tub ceev xwm yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv ib qeb, thiab caravans raug xa mus raws li ib tug rau txim, qhov no tau txhais raws li ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib txwm kev rau txim rau txim thiab ib tug tub rog tsev hais plaub. Hmoov zoo rau Reichswehr, cov duab ntawm cov tub rog thauj lub cev muaj zog tau maj mam hloov, nrog rau tus cwj pwm ntawm cov nram qab no raws li cov noob ntawm yav tom ntej mechanization ntawm pab tub rog.

Nyob rau hauv 1930, Major von Radlmayer tau pauv mus rau Inspectorate of the Transport Service. Thaum lub sij hawm no, uas yog, nyob rau hauv 1925-1933, nws pheej rov mus rau lub tebchaws United States, tau paub nrog American ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tank tsev thiab tsim cov thawj armored units. Major von Radlmeier tau sau cov ntaub ntawv rau Reichswehr ntawm kev txhim kho cov tub rog nyob txawv teb chaws, muab lawv cov lus xaus txog kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm German armored rog. Txij li thaum xyoo 1930, Major von Radlmayer yog tus thawj coj ntawm Kama lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub rog tub rog hauv Kazan hauv USSR (Direktor der Kampfwagenschule "Kama"). Nyob rau hauv 1931 nws tau hloov los ntawm ib tug loj. Josef Harpe (tus thawj coj ntawm 5th Panzer Army thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II) thiab "tshem tawm" los ntawm nws cov thawj coj los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Pabcuam Thauj. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1938 nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 6th thiab tom qab ntawd 5th armored brigades, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1940 nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 4th armored division. Nws raug tshem tawm ntawm kev hais kom ua thaum Lub Rau Hli 1940 thaum nws pawg tau raug ntes los ntawm Fab Kis tiv thaiv ntawm Lille; so haujlwm xyoo 1941 thiab tuag

vim muaj mob xyoo 1943.

Major Oswald Lutz (1876-1944) tej zaum yuav tsis yog ib tug theorist nyob rau hauv lub siab nruj ntawm lo lus, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog nws, thiab tsis Guderian, uas yog tiag tiag "txiv" ntawm German armored rog. Txij li thaum 1896, ib tug tub ceev xwm sapper, thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb thib 21 nws tau ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog railway. Tom qab tsov rog, nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm 7th Infantry Brigade, thiab tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm Reichswehr, raws li cov kev cai ntawm Treaty of Versailles, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 1927th thauj battalion, uas ( los ntawm txoj kev, raws li lub txim) kuj cap. Heinz Guderian. Nyob rau hauv 1, Lutz tau tsiv mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm Army Group No. 1931 nyob rau hauv Berlin, thiab nyob rau hauv 1936 nws tau los ua ib tug soj ntsuam ntawm thauj troops. Nws tus thawj coj yog Major Heinz Guderian; Ob leeg tau nce sai sai: Oswald Lutz mus rau tus thawj coj, thiab Guderian mus rau lieutenant Colonel. Oswald Lutz tuav nws txoj hauj lwm kom txog rau thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1938, thaum nws tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht thawj tub rog tub rog, 1936 Army Corps. Retired thaum muaj 1 xyoos. Thaum xyoo 1935 Colonel Werner Kempf los ua nws tus thawj coj hauv kev soj ntsuam, nws txoj haujlwm twb tau hu ua Inspekteur der Kraftfahrkampftruppen und für Heeresmotorisierung, uas yog, tus neeg soj ntsuam ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev tsav tsheb ntawm cov tub rog. Oswald Lutz yog thawj tus thawj coj uas tau txais qib "General ntawm cov tub rog tub rog" (Kaum Ib Hlis XNUMX), thiab vim li no nws ib leeg tuaj yeem suav tias yog "thawj lub nkoj thauj khoom ntawm Wehrmacht". Raws li peb tau hais lawm, Lutz tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij, tab sis yog tus tsim thiab tus thawj coj - nws yog nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj ncaj qha uas thawj German tank faib tau tsim.

Heinz Guderian - lub cim ntawm German armored rog

Heinz Wilhelm Guderian yug rau lub Rau Hli 17, 1888 hauv Chelmno ntawm Vistula, nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog East Prussia, rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1907 nws tau los ua tub rog ntawm 10th Hanoverian Egrovsky battalion, txib los ntawm nws txiv, lieutenant. Friedrich Guderian, ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus thib ob lieutenant. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nws xav mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab rab phom, tab sis raws li cov lus qhia ntawm nws txiv - lub sij hawm ntawd nws twb yog ib tug general. loj thiab cov thawj coj 35. Infantry brigades - kawm tiav chav kawm xov tooj cua. Cov xov tooj cua sawv cev rau qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tub rog thev naus laus zis ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab qhov no yog li cas Heinz Guderian tau txais txiaj ntsig kev paub zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1913, nws pib kawm nyob rau hauv tub rog Academy nyob rau hauv Berlin ua tus yau cadet (ntawm leej twg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Eric Manstein). Ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, Guderian tau cuam tshuam zoo los ntawm ib tus kws qhia, Colonel Prince Rüdiger von der Goltz. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib cuam tshuam Guderian txoj kev cob qhia, uas tau raug xa mus rau 5th Xov Tooj Cua Kev Sib Txuas Lus. Ib pawg tub rog uas tau koom nrog thawj zaug German ua ntej dhau ntawm Ardennes mus rau Fabkis. Qhov kev txwv tsawg ntawm Imperial Army cov thawj coj loj txhais tau hais tias Guderian lub tsev tsis siv ntau. Thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm ntawm Tsov Rog ntawm Marne thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1914, Guderian tau ze li ntawm Fab Kis thaum nws tag nrho lub zog poob rau hauv lub zos Bethenville. Tom qab qhov xwm txheej no, nws tau raug xa mus rau Pawg Tub Rog 4th kev sib txuas lus hauv Flanders, qhov chaw nws tau pom cov neeg German siv cov roj mustard ntawm Ypres thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1914. Nws txoj hauj lwm tom ntej no yog lub chaw txawj ntse ntawm lub hauv paus 5th. Tub rog sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Verdun. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev puas tsuaj (materialschlacht) ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo rau Guderian. Nyob rau hauv nws lub taub hau muaj kev ntseeg hais tias lub superiority ntawm maneuver ua, uas yuav pab tau kom yeej tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo txoj kev ntau tshaj li trench tua neeg. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1916 los ntawm. Guderian tau raug xa mus rau Plaub Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tub Rog hauv Flanders, tseem mus rau qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav. Ntawm no nws nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 4. ua tim khawv (tab sis tsis yog ib tus neeg tim khawv) rau thawj zaug siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm British ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Somme. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis ua rau muaj kev xav ntau rau nws - tom qab ntawd nws tsis tau saib xyuas cov tso tsheb hlau luam ua riam phom ntawm yav tom ntej. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1916, ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Aisne, nws tau soj ntsuam kev siv cov tsheb ciav hlau Fabkis txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, tab sis dua tsis nyiam ntau. Lub Ob Hlis 1917 los ntawm. Tom qab ua tiav cov kev kawm uas cuam tshuam, Guderian tau los ua ib tug tub ceev xwm ntawm General Staff, thiab nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1918 - quartermaster ntawm XXXVIII Reserve Corps, uas nws tau koom nrog lub caij ntuj sov kev tawm tsam ntawm German pab tub rog, uas tsis ntev los no los ntawm cov phoojywg. Nrog rau kev txaus siab heev, Guderian tau saib xyuas kev siv cov pab pawg tshiab German tawm tsam - cov tub rog cua daj cua dub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub rog uas tau kawm ua tub rog kom tawg los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kab nrog cov tub rog me, nrog kev txhawb nqa tsawg. Nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli 1918, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Guderian tau raug xa mus rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib tham ntawm cov tub rog German thiab cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Italian pem hauv ntej.

Nyob rau hauv 1928, ib tug tank battalion tau tsim los ntawm yuav Strv m / 21. Guderian tau nres nyob rau hauv 1929, tej zaum nws thawj zaug kev sib cuag nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tsov ua rog, Guderian tseem nyob hauv cov tub rog, thiab xyoo 1919 nws raug xa mus - raws li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm General Staff - mus rau "Iron Division" Freikorps (ib tug neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb hauv German uas tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj los tsim cov ciam teb zoo tshaj plaws. Lub teb chaws Yelemees) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Major Rüdiger von der Goltz, nws tus qub xib fwb ntawm Tub Rog Academy. Kev faib tawm tau tawm tsam Bolsheviks hauv Baltics, ntes Riga thiab txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Latvia. Thaum tsoom fwv ntawm Weimar koom pheej tau txais kev cog lus ntawm Versailles lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, nws tau hais kom cov tub rog Freikorps tshem tawm ntawm Latvia thiab Lithuania, tab sis Lub Tuam Txhab Hlau tsis ua raws li. Tus tauj ncov loj Guderian, es tsis txhob ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm tswj hwm sawv cev ntawm Reichswehr cov lus txib, txhawb nqa von Goltz. Rau qhov kev tsis mloog lus no, nws tau raug xa mus rau 10th brigade ntawm Reichswehr tshiab ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1922 - ua ib feem ntawm qhov ntxiv "hardening" - thib ob mus rau 7th Bavarian lub cev muaj zog thauj battalion. Tus tauj ncov loj Guderian nkag siab cov lus qhia thaum lub sij hawm 1923 coup nyob rau hauv Munich (qhov chaw ntawm lub battalion)

deb ntawm kev nom kev tswv.

Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug battalion txib los ntawm ib tug loj thiab tom qab ib tug lieutenant. Oswald Lutz, Guderian tau txaus siab rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab raws li kev ua kom muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov tub rog. Hauv ntau tsab xov xwm hauv Militär Wochenblatt, nws tau sau txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev thauj cov tub rog thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom kom nce lawv txoj kev mus los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau ntawm ib kis, nws txawm hais tias hloov cov kev faib tub rog uas twb muaj lawm mus rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm lub cev muaj zog, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis rov hais dua rau cov tub rog.

Xyoo 1924, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Guderian tau raug xa mus rau 2nd Infantry Division hauv Szczecin, qhov chaw nws yog tus kws qhia txog kev tawm tsam thiab keeb kwm ua tub rog. Txoj haujlwm tshiab yuam kom Guderian kawm ob qho kev qhuab qhia no kom ntxaws, ua rau nws txoj haujlwm tom qab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau los ua tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev siv tshuab, uas nws pom tias yog ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov tub rog muaj zog. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1927, Guderian tau nce mus rau qhov loj, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli nws tau raug xa mus rau lub chaw thauj mus los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Truppenamt. Xyoo 1929, nws tau mus xyuas Sweden, qhov twg thawj zaug hauv nws lub neej nws tau ntsib lub tank - Swedish M21. Cov Swedes txawm cia nws coj nws. Feem ntau, los ntawm lub sijhawm no Guderian qhov kev txaus siab ntau ntxiv hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam pib.

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1931, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Oswald Lutz tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev thauj mus los, nws tau xaiv qhov loj. Guderian ua nws tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, sai sai tau nce mus rau lieutenant Colonel. Nws yog pab pawg no uas tau teeb tsa thawj German armored faib. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias leej twg yog tus thawj coj thiab leej twg yog tus thawj coj.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1935, thaum thawj pawg tub rog tau tsim, Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Tsheb Thauj Mus Los tau hloov mus rau hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Thauj thiab Mechanization (Inspektion der Kraftfahrkampftruppen und für Heeresmotorisierung). Thaum thawj peb pawg Panzer tau tsim, Major General Heinz Guderian tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Armored Division. Txog thaum ntawd, qhov ntawd yog, xyoo 1931-1935, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua rau kev faib cov tub rog tshiab thiab kev npaj cov charters rau lawv siv feem ntau yog txoj haujlwm ntawm Major General (tom qab Lieutenant General) Oswald Lutz, tau kawg nrog kev pab los ntawm Guderian. .

Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1936, Oswald Lutz tau yaum Guderian los sau ib phau ntawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tsim lub tswv yim rau kev siv cov tub rog. Oswald Lutz tsis muaj sijhawm los sau nws tus kheej, nws tau cuam tshuam nrog ntau lub koom haum, cov cuab yeej thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm teeb meem, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj nug Guderian txog nws. Kev sau ib phau ntawv teeb tsa kev sib koom ua ke tsim txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov rog nrawm yuav ua rau muaj koob meej rau tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis Lutz tsuas yog txhawj xeeb nrog kev nthuav tawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab waging mechanized mobile tsov rog raws li qhov hnyav rau. tus yeeb ncuab tus lej superiority. Qhov no yog los txhim kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas Oswald Lutz npaj los tsim.

Heinz Guderian tau siv hauv nws phau ntawv yav dhau los tau npaj sau tseg ntawm nws cov lus qhuab qhia hauv 2nd Infantry Division hauv Szczecin, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev siv tub rog thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib XNUMX. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hais txog kev ua tiav hauv kev txhim kho tom qab kev ua tsov rog ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv lwm lub teb chaws, faib qhov no rau hauv kev ua tiav, kev ua tiav kev ua tiav thiab kev txhim kho tiv thaiv tank. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, nws tau nthuav tawm - hauv ntu tom ntej - kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog mechanized hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees txog tam sim no. Hauv ntu tom ntej, Guderian tham txog cov kev paub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb.

Panzer I tanks tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum lub sij hawm Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab mus txog rau 1941.

Qhov kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hais txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov tub rog mechanized nyob rau hauv niaj hnub armed teeb meem. Hauv thawj tshooj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, Guderian tau sib cav tias txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv, txawm tias muaj zog, tuaj yeem swb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, txij li txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua tau. Mus rau tom qab ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo li qub tuag tes tuag taw cov yeeb ncuab rog. Guderian tsis pom kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no. Nws ntseeg hais tias yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib tug maneuverable txhua lub sij hawm. Nws txawm nyiam qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kom tawg tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, rov ua nws tus kheej lub zog thiab rov qab mus rau kev tawm tsam. Qhov kev pom no, pom tseeb yuam kev, yog qhov ua rau nws poob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941. Thaum German kev tawm tsam tau nres ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm Moscow, Hitler tau hais kom cov tub rog German txav mus rau kev tiv thaiv mus tas li, siv cov zos thiab chaw nyob ua qhov chaw muaj zog uas yuav tsim. Qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws, vim nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb ncuab los ntshav ntawm tus nqi qis dua li qhov ua tsis tiav "tsaus taub hau tawm tsam phab ntsa". Cov tub rog German tsis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam vim qhov kev poob yav dhau los, kev txo qis hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv, kev siv nyiaj rov qab thiab kev qaug zog yooj yim. Kev tiv thaiv yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm khaws tau cov txiaj ntsig, thiab tib lub sijhawm yuav muab sijhawm los ntxiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov tub rog, rov kho cov khoom siv, kho cov khoom puas, thiab lwm yam. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim no tau ua los ntawm txhua tus tsuas yog tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Panzer Army, Colonel General Heinz Guderian, uas txuas ntxiv rov qab tawm tsam kev txiav txim. Tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Pab Pawg, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge, uas Guderian tau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txij li kev sib tw Polish xyoo 1939, tsuas yog npau taws. Tom qab lwm qhov kev sib cav, Guderian tau tawm haujlwm, tos qhov kev thov kom nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, tau txais los ntawm von Klug thiab lees txais los ntawm Hitler. Xav tsis thoob, Guderian tau tsaws yam tsis tau teem sijhawm rau ob xyoos ntxiv thiab tsis tau tuav ib qho haujlwm ntxiv, yog li nws tsis muaj sijhawm los nce mus rau tub ceev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv tshooj ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam, Guderian sau tias lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub no tiv thaiv cov tub rog los ntawm kev tawg los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kab thiab cov tub rog tsoos tsoos tau poob nws cov nqi ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no. Tsuas yog cov tub rog zoo armored muaj peev xwm ua txhaum los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, kov yeej cov hlau nplaum thiab cov trench. Lwm cov ceg ntawm cov tub rog yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev pabcuam riam phom tiv thaiv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, vim tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam lawv tus kheej muaj qhov txwv. Infantry occupies thiab tuav lub cheeb tsam, artillery rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab txhawb nqa armament ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab rog, sappers tshem tawm minefields thiab lwm yam teeb meem, tsim crosses, thiab kev sib txuas lus units yuav tsum muaj kev tswj kom zoo ntawm kev txav mus los, txij li kev ua. yuav tsum tsis tu ncua agile. . Tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa no yuav tsum tuaj yeem nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev tawm tsam, yog li lawv yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm tank yog qhov xav tsis thoob, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov rog thiab kev siv cov struts. Interestingly, Guderian them me ntsis rau kev soj ntsuam, tej zaum ntseeg hais tias ib tug loj ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsoo ib tug yeeb ncuab. Nws tsis pom qhov tseeb tias tus neeg tiv thaiv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg tawm tsam xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev zais nws tus kheej thiab teeb tsa

tsim nyog ambushes.

Nws feem ntau lees paub tias Guderian yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm riam phom, suav nrog pab pawg "tanks - motorized infantry - motorized rifle artillery - motorized sappers - motorized communications". Qhov tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, Guderian suav tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog, thiab muab cov so rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm pab riam phom. Qhov no coj, raws li nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab Great Britain, mus rau ib tug overload ntawm tactical formations nrog tso tsheb hlau luam, uas tau kho thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog. Yuav luag txhua tus tau txav los ntawm 2 + 1 + 1 system (ob chav armored mus rau ib chav tsev infantry thiab ib chav tub rog loj (ntxiv rau me me kev tshawb nrhiav, engineer, kev sib txuas lus, tiv thaiv tank, tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab chaw pabcuam) mus rau 1 + 1 + Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Cov qauv hloov ntawm US armored division muaj peb lub tank battalions, peb motorized infantry battalions (nyob rau hauv armored neeg ua hauj lwm carriers) thiab peb self-propelled artillery squadrons muaj ib tug armored brigade (ntxiv rau ib lub tsheb tub rog tub rog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm armored), ib lub tsheb tub rog (ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom) thiab ob pawg tub rog (ib txwm hu ua cov tub rog), yog li hauv battalions nws zoo li no: peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam, plaub infantry, ob pawg tub rog ntawm cov phom loj. self-propelled thiab motorized), ib tug reconnaissance battalion, ib tug anti-tank tuam txhab, lub tuam txhab anti-aircraft, ib tug engineer battalion, ib tug kev sib txuas lus thiab kev pab cuam battalion lawv armored corps muaj cuaj tank battalions (suav nrog peb tank brigades), rau motorized infantry. battalions (ib tug nyob rau hauv ib lub tank brigade thiab peb nyob rau hauv ib tug mechanized brigade) thiab peb tus kheej-propelled artillery squadrons (hu ua regiments) ntxiv rau ib tug reconnaissance engineer, kev sib txuas lus, tub rog battalion tuam txhab thiab cov kev pab cuam. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tsim cov tub rog tub rog nrog kev sib piv ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam (1 rau 16 rau ib lub battalion, nrog rau txhua tus tub rog tub rog uas muaj ib pab tub rog loj loj). Guderian nyiam tsim kev sib faib nrog ob lub tank tub rog (ob lub battalions ntawm plaub lub tuam txhab txhua, kaum rau lub tank tuam txhab nyob rau hauv txhua chav), ib tug motorized regiment thiab ib tug maus taus battalion - tag nrho ntawm cuaj infantry tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv tsheb thauj khoom thiab maus taus, ib tug artillery regiment nrog ob chav. - rau lub pob zeb loj loj, sapper battalion, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev pabcuam battalion. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, infantry thiab artillery yog - raws li Guderian daim ntawv qhia - cov nram qab no (los ntawm lub tuam txhab): 9 + 6 + 1943. Txawm nyob rau hauv 1945-XNUMX, raws li Inspector General ntawm Armored Forces, nws tseem insisted kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam. nyob rau hauv armored divisions thiab ib tug senseless rov qab mus rau qub proportions.

Tus sau tau mob siab rau tsuas yog ib nqe lus luv luv rau cov lus nug ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab aviation (vim tias nws nyuaj rau tham txog kev koom tes hauv qhov Guderian tau sau), uas tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li hauv qab no: aircraft tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov khoom. nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm armored units, tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab aviation los ntawm kev ntes nws lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, peb yuav tsis overestimate Douai, lub tswv yim lub luag hauj lwm ntawm aviation tsuas yog lub luag hauj lwm pab, thiab tsis txiav txim siab. Yog tag nrho. Tsis hais txog kev tswj huab cua, tsis hais txog kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov tub rog armored, tsis hais txog kev txhawb nqa huab cua ze rau cov tub rog. Guderian tsis nyiam aviation thiab tsis txaus siab rau nws lub luag haujlwm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab dhau mus. Thaum, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, kev tawm dag zog tau ua los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tawg rog ncaj qha txhawb nqa armored faib, qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm Luftwaffe, thiab tsis yog Cov Tub Rog hauv av. Nws yog lub sijhawm no, uas yog, txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938 txog Lub Yim Hli 1939, tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog ceev (Chef der Schnellen Truppen) yog Panzer General Heinz Guderian, thiab nws tsim nyog ntxiv tias qhov no yog tib txoj haujlwm. tuav los ntawm Oswald Lutz mus txog rau thaum 1936 . - Tsuas yog cov Inspectorate of Transport thiab Automobile Troops hloov nws lub npe nyob rau hauv 1934 mus rau lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Fast Troops (lub npe ntawm lub Command of the Fast Troops kuj tau siv, tab sis qhov no yog tib lub tsev hauv paus). Yog li, xyoo 1934, kev tsim cov tub rog tshiab tau tso cai - cov tub rog ceev (txij li xyoo 1939, cov tub rog ceev thiab cov tub rog, uas tau ua rau cov tub ceev xwm ua lus txib). Lub Command of Rapid thiab Armored Forces tau ua haujlwm raws li lub npe no mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Txawm li cas los xij, saib ua ntej me ntsis, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov kev cai German ib txwm raug cuam tshuam loj heev raws li txoj cai ntawm Hitler, txij thaum Lub Ob Hlis 28, 1943, General Inspectorate of the Armored Forces (Generalinspektion der Panzertruppen) tau tsim, ua yeeb yam ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub Command ntawm Supreme thiab Armored Forces nrog yuav luag zoo tib yam powers. Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob mus txog lub Tsib Hlis 8, 1945, General Inspectorate tsuas muaj ib tus thawj coj - Colonel General S. Heinz Guderian thiab tsuas yog ib tus thawj coj, Lieutenant General Wolfgang Thomale. Lub sijhawm ntawd, General of the Armored Forces Heinrich Eberbach yog lub taub hau ntawm High Command thiab Command of the Armored Forces, thiab txij lub Yim Hli 1944 mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, General of the Armored Forces Leo Freiherr Geir von Schweppenburg. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam feem ntau yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau Guderian, rau leej twg Hitler muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, raws li pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tom qab nws raug tshem tawm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Panzer Army, nws tau txais qhov tsis tau pom dua ua ntej them nyiaj sib npaug li 50 xyoo. ntawm cov nyiaj hli dav dav hauv nws txoj haujlwm (qhov sib npaug ntawm kwv yees li 600 cov nyiaj hli txhua hli).

Thawj German tanks

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Colonel. Lutz ua tus thawj coj ntawm Kev Pabcuam Thauj yog Artillery General Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg (1874-1945), tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev hloov pauv mus rau ib qho tshiab, sib ntaus sib tua caj npab. Nws yog Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pabcuam Thauj thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1926 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1929, tom qab ua tiav los ntawm Lieutenant General Otto von Stülpnagel (tsis txhob tsis meej pem nrog cov lus hais saum toj no Joachim von Stülpnagel), thiab lub Plaub Hlis 1931 nws ua tiav Oswald Lutz, uas thaum lub sij hawm von Stülpnagel yog. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus thawj coj. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg, qhov kev tawm dag zog tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tso tsheb hlau luam dummy ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom. Cov qauv no tau teeb tsa rau ntawm Hanomag tsheb lossis Dixi tsheb, thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 1927 (xyoo no International Control Commission tau tawm hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes) ntau lub tuam txhab ntawm cov qauv tank no tau tsim. Lawv tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv anti-tank tiv thaiv (tsuas yog artillery), tab sis kuj rau kev ua si ntawm lwm ceg ntawm armed rog nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog tanks. Cov kev sim tactical tau ua nrog lawv siv txhawm rau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ntawd Reichswehr tseem tsis tau muaj tank.

Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Ausf. c, Panzer II tau txais kev pom zoo. Lub tswv yim Panzer I style ncua kev kawm raug tso tseg nrog kev taw qhia ntawm 5 txoj kev loj log.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev, txawm tias muaj kev txwv ntawm Treaty of Versailles, Reichswehr pib thov lawv. Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1926, lub Reichswehr Heereswaffenamt (Reichswehr Heereswaffenamt), coj los ntawm tus tub rog loj General Erich Freiherr von Botzheim, tau npaj cov cai rau lub tank nruab nrab kom tawg los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Raws li German tank lub tswv yim ntawm 15s, tsim los ntawm Ernst Volkheim, lub tank hnyav dua yuav tsum tau coj kev tawm tsam, tom qab ntawd los ntawm infantry hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov kev cai tau teev tseg ib lub tsheb uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 40 tons thiab ceev ntawm 75 km / h, armed nrog ib tug tub rog tub rog XNUMX-mm cannon nyob rau hauv ib tug tig turret thiab ob rab phom tshuab.

Lub tank tshiab tau raug hu ua Armeewagen 20, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv camouflage siv lub npe "lub tsheb laij teb loj" - Großtraktor. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1927, daim ntawv cog lus rau kev tsim kho tau muab rau peb lub tuam txhab: Daimler-Benz los ntawm Marienfelde hauv Berlin, Rheinmetall-Borsig los ntawm Düsseldorf thiab Krupp los ntawm Essen. Txhua lub tuam txhab tau tsim ob lub qauv, muaj npe (raws li) Großtraktor I (nos. 41 thiab 42), Großtraktor II (nos. 43 thiab 44) ​​thiab Großtraktor III (nos. 45 thiab 46). Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, raws li lawv tau ua qauv tom qab Swedish lub teeb tank Stridsvagn M / 21 los ntawm AB Landsverk los ntawm Landskrona, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tau siv los ntawm German tank builder Otto Merker (txij li thaum 1929). Cov neeg German tau yuav ib qho ntawm kaum lub tank ntawm hom no, thiab M / 21 nws tus kheej yog ib tus German LK II ua rau xyoo 1921, uas, txawm li cas los xij, vim li cas, tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.

Großtraktor tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo tib yam, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov hlau armored rau cov laj thawj thev naus laus zis. Lub turret nrog 75 mm L / 24 cannon thiab 7,92 mm Dreyse tshuab rab phom tau ntsia rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Qhov thib ob xws li rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv lub pej thuam thib ob hauv lub stern ntawm lub tank. Tag nrho cov tshuab no tau raug xa mus rau Kama kev cob qhia hauv av hauv USSR thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1929. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1933 lawv tau rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab tau suav nrog hauv chav sim thiab kev cob qhia hauv Zossen. Xyoo 1937, cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam thiab feem ntau muab tso rau hauv kev nco txog hauv ntau yam German armored units.

Txawm hais tias Panzer II lub teeb tank tau txais cov khoom hauv qab, nws cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau sai sai kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua (thaum pib ua tsov ua rog, 1223 tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim).

Lwm hom Reichswehr tank yog infantry-tshaj VK 31, uas yog hu ua "lub teeb tsheb laij teb" - Leichttraktor. Cov kev xav tau rau lub tank no tau muab tso rau hauv lub Peb Hlis 1928. Nws yuav tsum tau ua tub rog nrog 37 mm L / 45 cannon nyob rau hauv lub turret thiab ib tug 7,92 mm Dreyse tshuab rab phom tso nyob ze, nrog ib tug loj ntawm 7,5 tons. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev yog 40 km / h ntawm txoj kev thiab 20 km / h off-road. Lub sijhawm no, Daimler-Benz tsis kam lees qhov kev txiav txim, yog li Krupp thiab Rheinmetall-Borsig (ob leeg) ua plaub tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb no. Nyob rau hauv 1930, cov tsheb no kuj mus rau Kazan, thiab ces rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1933, nrog lub liquidation ntawm lub Kama Soviet-German armored tsev kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1933, ib qho kev sim kuj tau ua los tsim kom muaj lub cev hnyav (los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no) kom tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tus neeg ua tiav rau Großtraktor. Tank tej yaam num tau tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall thiab Krupp. Raws li qhov xav tau, cov tso tsheb hlau luam, hu ua Neubaufahrzeug, muaj lub ntsiab turret nrog ob rab phom - luv-barreled universal 75 mm L / 24 thiab rab phom tiv thaiv tank ntawm 37 mm L / 45 caliber. Rheinmetall muab tso rau hauv lub turret ib sab saum toj ib leeg (37 hli siab dua), thiab Krupp muab tso rau ntawm ib sab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si versions, ob tug ntxiv yees nrog ib tug 7,92-mm tshuab rab phom nyob rau hauv txhua tus tau nruab rau ntawm lub hull. Rheinmetall tsheb tau raug xaiv PanzerKampfwagen NeubauFahrzeug V (PzKpfw NbFz V), Krupp thiab PzKpfw NbFz VI. Xyoo 1934, Rheinmetall tau tsim ob lub PzKpfw NbFz V nrog nws tus kheej turret ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo tib yam, thiab hauv 1935-1936, peb PzKpfw NbFz VI prototypes nrog Krupp lub armored steel turret. Peb lub tsheb kawg tau siv hauv Norwegian kev sib tw xyoo 1940. Kev tsim kho ntawm Neubaufahrzeug tau lees paub tias ua tsis tiav thiab cov tshuab tsis tau mus rau hauv ntau lawm.

Lub Panzerkampfwagen kuv tau los ua thawj lub tank tiag tiag muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog German armored units. Qhov kawg yuav tsum tau rau lub van, Ameslikas hu ua Kleintraktor (me me tsheb laij teb), tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1931. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Oswald Lutz thiab Heinz Guderian tau npaj kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom ntawm ob hom kev sib tw tsheb rau yav tom ntej armored divisions, tsim los ntawm Lutz pib quab yuam thaum pib ntawm nws txoj haujlwm xyoo 1931. Oswald Lutz ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. ntawm armored divisions yuav tsum yog nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam armed nrog ib tug 75 hli cannon, kev txhawb los ntawm kev soj ntsuam sai thiab anti-tank tsheb armed nrog 50 hli anti-tank phom. phom phom. Txij li thaum German kev lag luam yuav tsum xub tau txais cov kev paub dhau los, nws tau txiav txim siab yuav lub teeb lub teeb pheej yig uas yuav tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm cob qhia rau yav tom ntej armored divisions, thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam los npaj cov chaw tsim khoom tsim nyog rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo li no yog qhov yuam kev, ntxiv rau, nws tau ntseeg tias qhov pom ntawm lub tank uas muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua tsis tshua muaj peev xwm yuav tsis ceeb toom rau cov phoojywg rau kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Treaty of Versailles. Li no cov kev cai rau Kleintraktor, tom qab ntawd hu ua Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper (LaS), lub tsheb laij teb ua liaj ua teb. Raws li lub npe no, lub tank tau paub txog thaum xyoo 1938, thaum muaj kev sib koom ua ke rau kev sib sau ua ke rau cov tsheb armored hauv Wehrmacht thiab lub tsheb tau txais lub npe PzKpfw I (SdKfz 101). Nyob rau hauv 1934, loj zus tau tej cov tsheb pib ib txhij ntawm ob peb lub Hoobkas; Cov qauv pib ntawm Ausf A muaj 1441 tsim, thiab cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Ausf B tshaj 480, suav nrog ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab los ntawm Ausf A thaum ntxov uas tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv cov superstructure thiab turret, tau siv rau kev tsav tsheb thiab kev cob qhia kws kho tsheb. Nws yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas nyob rau hauv ib nrab xyoo 1942 tau tso cai tsim cov tub rog sib faib thiab, tsis zoo rau lawv lub hom phiaj, tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - lawv tau tawm tsam txog XNUMX hauv Spain, Poland, Fabkis, Balkans, USSR thiab North Africa. . Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj nqis tsawg, vim lawv tsuas muaj ob lub tshuab phom thiab cov cuab yeej tsis muaj zog, uas tsuas yog tiv thaiv los ntawm cov phom me me xwb.

Lub Panzer I thiab Panzer II tau me me dhau los nqa lub xov tooj cua ntev dua. Yog li ntawd, lub tank hais kom ua tau tsim los txhawb lawv cov kev ua.

Kama armored tsev kawm ntawv

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 16, 1922, ob lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe uas xav tias tsis suav nrog lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb - Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab USSR - tau kos npe hauv Rapallo, Ltalis, kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib koom tes kev lag luam. Dab tsi me ntsis paub yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev pom zoo no kuj muaj daim ntawv thov tub rog zais cia; ntawm nws lub hauv paus, nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub XNUMXs, ntau lub chaw tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, qhov twg kev cob qhia tau ua thiab kev sib nrig sib kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm riam phom txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus, Kama lub tsev kawm ntawv tank, nyob ntawm Kazan kev cob qhia hauv av, ntawm Kama River, yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab ua tiav kev sib tham ua tiav rau nws txoj kev tsim, Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm Malbrandt (1875-1955), tus thawj coj qub tub rog ntawm 2nd (Preußische) Kraftfahr-Abteilung los ntawm Szczecin, pib nrhiav qhov chaw tsim nyog. Tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1929, lub chaw tau txais lub code lub npe "Kama", uas tsis yog los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus dej, tab sis los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kazan-Malbrandt. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv Soviet tuaj ntawm NKVD, tsis yog tub rog, thiab cov neeg German tau xa cov tub ceev xwm mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog qee qhov kev paub lossis kev paub txog kev siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Raws li rau lub tsev kawm ntawv cov khoom siv, nws yuav luag tsuas yog German - rau Großtraktor tso tsheb hlau luam thiab plaub Leichttraktor tso tsheb hlau luam, nrog rau ntau lub tsheb armored, tsheb thauj khoom thiab tsheb. Lub Soviets, rau lawv ib feem, muab tsuas yog peb British-ua Carden-Loyd tankettes (uas tom qab tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR raws li lub T-27), thiab ces lwm tsib MS-1 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm 3rd Kazan Tank Regiment. Lub tsheb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv plaub lub tuam txhab: nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab 1 - armored tsheb, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lub tuam txhab - qauv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab unarmored tsheb, lub tuam txhab thib 2 - anti-tank, lub tuam txhab thib 3 - maus taus.

Hauv peb qhov kev kawm sib law liag, tuav txij lub Peb Hlis 1929 txog rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1933, cov neeg German tau kawm tag nrho 30 tus tub ceev xwm. Thawj chav kawm tau koom nrog 10 tus tub ceev xwm los ntawm ob lub tebchaws, tab sis Soviets tau xa tag nrho txog 100 tus tub ntxhais kawm rau ob chav kawm tom ntej. Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis paub, txij li hauv cov ntaub ntawv Soviet cov tub ceev xwm tau kawm Ossoaviakhim (Kev Tiv Thaiv Pab Koomtes). Nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub USSR, tus thawj coj ntawm cov kev kawm yog Colonel Vasily Grigorievich Burkov, tom qab ib tug lieutenant general ntawm lub armored rog. Semyon A. Ginzburg, tom qab ntawd yog tus tsim lub tsheb armored, yog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Soviet. Nyob rau sab German, Wilhelm Malbrandt, Ludwig Ritter von Radlmayer thiab Josef Harpe tau ua tiav cov thawj coj ntawm Kama tank tsev kawm ntawv - los ntawm txoj kev, thawj xyoo koom. Ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm Kama yog tom qab Lieutenant General Wolfgang Thomale, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog hauv 1943-1945, Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Thoma, tom qab General ntawm Armored Forces thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Afrika Korps, uas yog raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg Askiv ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm El Alamein thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942, tom qab Lieutenant General Viktor Linnarts, uas tau txib 26th Panzer Division thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, los yog Lieutenant General Johann Haarde, tus thawj coj ntawm 1942nd Panzer Division hauv 1943-25. Thawj xyoo tus neeg koom nrog, Tus tauj ncov loj Fritz Kühn los ntawm kev thauj battalion ntawm 6th (Preußische) Kraftfahr-Abteilung los ntawm Hannover, tom qab General of the Armored Forces, txij lub Peb Hlis 1941 txog Lub Xya Hli 1942 tau txib 14th Panzer Division.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Kama armored tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Kazan yog heev overestimated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tsuas yog 30 tus tub ceev xwm ua tiav qhov kev kawm, thiab sib nrug los ntawm Josef Harpe, Wilhelm von Thoma thiab Wolfgang Thomale, tsis yog ib tug ntawm lawv tau los ua ib tus thawj coj loj, ua kom muaj ntau tshaj li kev faib tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lawv rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, peb caug lossis kaum tus kws qhia no tsuas yog nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees uas muaj kev paub tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tawm dag zog nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam tiag.

Tsim cov thawj armored units

Thawj pawg tub rog tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum lub sij hawm interwar yog ib lub tuam txhab kev cob qhia ntawm lub chaw cob qhia Kraftfahrlehrkommando Zossen (coj los ntawm Major Josef Harpe), nyob rau hauv ib lub zos txog 40 km sab qab teb ntawm Berlin. Nruab nrab ntawm Zossen thiab Wünsdorf muaj qhov chaw cob qhia loj, uas tau pab txhawb kev cob qhia cov neeg caij tsheb. Qhov tseeb ob peb mais mus rau sab hnub poob yog Kummersdorf chaw cob qhia, qhov qub Prussian artillery kev cob qhia hauv av. Thaum pib, lub tuam txhab kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv Zossen muaj plaub Grosstractors (ob Daimler-Benz tsheb raug puas tsuaj loj thiab tej zaum tseem nyob rau hauv lub USSR) thiab plaub Leuchtractors, uas rov qab los ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1933, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo kuj tau txais kaum LaS. chassis (sim series tom qab PzKpfw I) tsis muaj armored superstructure thiab turret, uas tau siv los cob qhia cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab simulate armored tsheb. Kev xa tawm ntawm LaS chassis tshiab tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis thiab tau siv ntau ntxiv rau kev cob qhia. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1934, Adolf Hitler tau mus xyuas Zossen chaw cob qhia thiab tau pom ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Nws nyiam cov yeeb yam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus loj. Lutz thiab Col. Guderian opined: qhov no yog qhov kuv xav tau. Hitler qhov kev lees paub tau ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev siv tshuab ntau dua ntawm cov tub rog, uas tau suav nrog hauv thawj cov phiaj xwm los hloov Reichswehr mus rau hauv ib lub tub rog tsis tu ncua. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub xeev muaj kev thaj yeeb tau xav tias yuav nce mus txog 700. (xya lub sij hawm), nrog rau muaj peev xwm ntawm kev npaj peb thiab ib nrab lab pab tub rog. Nws tau xav tias nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb XNUMX corps directorates thiab XNUMX pawg yuav raug khaws cia.

Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm theorists, nws tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd pib tsim cov armored loj formations. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Guderian, uas tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm Hitler, hais rau qhov no. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1934, cov lus txib ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ceev (Kommando der Schnelletruppen, tseem hu ua Inspektion 6, yog li lub npe ntawm cov thawj coj) tau tsim, uas tau coj txoj haujlwm ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Thauj Khoom thiab Tsheb Thauj Mus Los, tseem siv tau tib yam lus txib. thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm coj los ntawm Lutz thiab Guderian ua tus thawj coj. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, 1934, kev sib tham tau pib ntawm qhov project tsim los ntawm cov lus txib no rau cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua ntawm kev sim armored division - Versuchs Panzer Division. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lub armored regiments, ib tug motorized rifle regiment, ib tug maus taus battalion, ib lub teeb artillery regiment, ib tug anti-tank battalion, ib tug reconnaissance battalion, ib tug kev sib txuas lus battalion thiab sapper tuam txhab. Yog li nws yog ib lub koom haum zoo ib yam li yav tom ntej lub koom haum ntawm armored division. Lub koom haum ob-battalion tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, yog li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov tub rog tub rog tsawg dua hauv cov phom loj (cua phom phom loj, plaub pawg tub rog, tub rog tub rog, tub rog tshawb nrhiav, tiv thaiv tank - tsuas yog kaum tsib), thiab hauv ib qho armored division - plaub armored division (peb ob lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab ib lub tsheb maus taus), ob tug artillery squadrons, ib tug reconnaissance battalion thiab anti-tank battalion - kaum ib nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Raws li kev sib tham, pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog tau ntxiv - armored thiab motorized infantry.

Lub caij no, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 1934, nrog kev tuaj txog ntawm LaS tso tsheb hlau luam (PzKpfw I Ausf A), suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib puas chassis tsis muaj superstructures, nrog rau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub turret nrog ob rab phom 7,92-mm, lub tuam txhab kev cob qhia hauv Zossen thiab kev cob qhia lub tuam txhab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tsim tshiab tank hauv Ohrdruf (ib lub nroog hauv Thuringia, 30 km sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Erfurt) tau nthuav dav mus rau tag nrho cov tank regiments - Kampfwagen-Regiment 1 thiab Kampfwagen-Regiment 2 (feem ntau). battalion tanks, thiab txhua battalion - plaub lub tuam txhab tank. Nws tau xav tias thaum kawg, peb lub tuam txhab hauv battalion yuav muaj lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam - kom txog rau thaum lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov phiaj xwm nruab nrab, thiab lub tuam txhab thib plaub yuav muaj tsheb txhawb nqa, piv txwv li. Thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam nrog 75 mm L / 24 phom luv luv thiab rab phom tiv thaiv tank yog lub tsheb tank nrog phom (raws li nws yog Ameslikas xav) ntawm 50 mm caliber. Raws li rau cov tsheb tshiab, qhov tsis muaj 50-mm cannon tam sim ntawd yuam kev siv ib ntus ntawm 37-mm anti-tank phom, uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus qauv tiv thaiv tank riam phom ntawm German tub rog. Tsis muaj lub tsheb no txawm muaj nyob rau hauv prototypes, yog li thawj zaug plaub lub tuam txhab tau nruab nrog cov qauv tank.

Lub Panzer III thiab Panzer IV nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam yog tiam thib ob ntawm German armored tsheb ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Daim duab yog Panzer III tank.

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 16, 1935, tsoomfwv German tau tshaj tawm txoj cai ua tub rog, nrog rau Reichswehr hloov nws lub npe mus rau Wehrmacht - Defense Forces. Qhov no tau ua txoj hauv kev rau kev rov qab los rau kev ua tub rog. Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1935, kev sim ua haujlwm tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam tam sim no, "sib sau ua ke" los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, los ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub koom haum txoj kev npaj. Qhov kev sim faib tau raug txib los ntawm Major General Oswald Lutz. Qhov kev tawm dag zog tau koom nrog 12 tus tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, 953 lub tsheb log thiab ntxiv 4025 lub tsheb taug qab (tshwj tsis yog cov tsheb loj - cov tsheb loj loj). Cov kev xav hauv lub koom haum feem ntau tau lees paub, txawm hais tias nws tau txiav txim siab tias lub tuam txhab ntawm sappers rau lub tsev loj no tsis txaus - lawv txiav txim siab xa nws mus rau hauv ib pab tub rog. Tau kawg, Guderian muaj ob peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam, yog li nws tau hais kom txhim kho cov tub rog tub rog mus rau ob peb-battalion regiments los yog peb ob-battalion regiments, thiab zoo dua peb-battalion regiments yav tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tawm, thiab lwm cov units thiab subunits ua haujlwm pabcuam thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Thawj peb armored division

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1935, lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm peb pawg armored tau raug tsim tawm. Lawv cov kev tsim tau cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi tseem ceeb hauv lub koom haum, vim nws xav tau kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau tus tub ceev xwm, cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog thiab tub rog mus rau txoj haujlwm tshiab. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov pab pawg no yog: Lieutenant General Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs zu Glon (1st Armored Division hauv Weimar), Major General Heinz Guderian (2nd Division hauv Würzburg) thiab Lieutenant General Ernst Fessmann (3rd Division hauv Wünsdorf ze Zossen). Lub 1st Armored Division yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, txij li nws feem ntau muaj cov chav nyob uas tsim ib qho kev sim armored division thaum lub sij hawm maneuvers thaum lub Yim Hli 1935. Nws 1st Armored Regiment suav nrog 1st Tank Regiment, renamed los ntawm 2nd Panzer Regiment Ohrdruf, qub 1st Panzer Regiment Zosen. Lub tank regiment tau hloov npe rau 5th Tank Regiment thiab koom ua ke rau hauv 3rd Infantry Regiment ntawm 3rd Tank Division. Cov tub rog uas tseem tshuav tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib cais los ntawm lwm qhov ntawm ob txoj haujlwm, los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thauj thiab los ntawm cov tub rog tub rog, cov tub rog tub rog, thiab yog li tau npaj kom muab pov tseg. Txij li xyoo 1938, cov tub rog no tau txais cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab, hu ua PzKpfw I, ncaj qha los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim lawv, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv, feem ntau yog tsheb, feem ntau yog hom tshiab. Ua ntej, 1st thiab 2nd Panzer Division tau ua tiav, uas yuav tsum ncav cuag kev npaj kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1936, thiab thib ob, 3rd Panzer Division, uas, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau npaj txhij los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1936. nws siv sijhawm ntev dua los nrhiav kev faib tshiab nrog cov txiv neej thiab cov khoom siv, thaum kev cob qhia tau ua nrog cov khoom uas twb tau nruab.

Ib txhij nrog peb pawg tub rog, Lieutenant General Lutz tau npaj los tsim peb pawg tub rog sib cais, npaj rau kev txhawb nqa kev ua tub rog. Txawm hais tias cov tub rog no yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1936, 1937 thiab 1938, qhov tseeb, kev nrhiav cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg rau lawv siv sijhawm ntev dua, thiab thawj ntawm lawv, 4th battalion los ntawm Stuttgart (7th thiab 8th panzer), tsis tau tsim kom txog rau thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1938. Lub 7th tank tub rog ntawm cov tub rog no tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Hli 1, 1936 hauv Ohrdruf, tab sis thawj zaug tsuas muaj peb lub tuam txhab hauv nws cov battalions es tsis yog plaub; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub 8th tank regiment tau tsim nyob rau hauv Zossen, rau kev tsim ntawm cov rog thiab txhais tau tias tau faib los ntawm cov tseem tsim regiments ntawm armored divisions.

Ua ntej tsim cov tub rog sib cais tom ntej, ob-battalion armored regiments tau tsim rau lawv, uas yog ywj pheej nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub Kaum Hli 12, 1937, tsim lub 10th tank battalion nyob rau hauv Zinten (tam sim no Kornevo, Kaliningrad cheeb tsam), lub 11 tank tank nyob rau hauv Padeborn (sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Kassel), lub tank 15th tank nyob rau hauv Zhagan thiab lub 25th tank tank nyob rau hauv Erlangen. , Bavaria. Cov lej uas ploj lawm tau siv tom qab tsim cov chav nyob tom ntej, lossis ... yeej tsis. Vim tsis tu ncua hloov cov phiaj xwm, ntau lub tsheb tsuas tsis muaj nyob.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov armored rog

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1936, kev txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab los tsav plaub ntawm cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm lossis cov tub rog tawm tshiab kom lawv tuaj yeem nrog cov kev sib tw hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov kev sib faib no tsis muaj cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tshaj li lub tuam txhab tsheb armored nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tshawb nrhiav, tab sis lawv cov tub rog tub rog, phom loj thiab lwm yam tau txais cov tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb tawm ntawm txoj kev, tsheb laij teb thiab tsheb loj, kom tag nrho cov neeg coob coob thiab cov cuab yeej siv ntawm lub tsheb. Kev faib tawm tuaj yeem txav ntawm lub log tsheb, lub log, thiab tsis yog ntawm lawv tus kheej ko taw, nees lossis lub laub. Cov nram qab no raug xaiv rau kev tsav tsheb: 2nd Infantry Division los ntawm Szczecin, 13th Infantry Division los ntawm Magdeburg, 20th Infantry Division los ntawm Hamburg thiab 29th Infantry Division los ntawm Erfurt. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov motorization tau ua nyob rau hauv 1936, 1937 thiab ib nrab xyoo 1938.

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1936, nyob rau hauv lem, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov ob ntawm peb seem nyob rau hauv lub cavalry faib ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua. teeb faib. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov sib npaug sib npaug nrog ib lub tank battalion, ntxiv rau, nws lub koom haum yuav tsum nyob ze rau lub tank faib. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv nws lub battalion nkaus xwb yuav tsum muaj plaub lub tuam txhab ntawm lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam tsis muaj lub tuam txhab hnyav, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug motorized cavalry regiment, es tsis txhob ntawm ob battalions, yuav tsum muaj peb. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub teeb sib faib yog los ua kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, npog cov flanks ntawm pawg maneuver thiab caum tus yeeb ncuab rov qab, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm npog, i.e. yuav luag tib yam haujlwm raws li

ua los ntawm mounted cavalry.

Vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv, lub teeb brigades tau tsim thawj zaug nrog lub zog tsis tiav. Nyob rau tib hnub uas muaj plaub cais armored regiments - Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, 1937 - nyob rau hauv Sennelager ze Paderborn, ib tug cais 65st armored battalion kuj tau tsim rau lub 1th lub teeb brigade.

Tom qab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov tub rog armored, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm ob hom tso tsheb hlau luam, uas yog thawj zaug yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov tuam txhab hnyav ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog armored (plaub lub tuam txhab), thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo (tank nrog 37. mm phom, tom qab PzKpfw III) thiab cov tuam txhab hnyav (tso tsheb nrog 75 hli cannon, tom qab PzKpfw IV). Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev txhim kho cov tsheb tshiab tau kos npe: Lub Ib Hlis 27, 1934 rau kev txhim kho PzKpfw III (lub npe tau siv txij li xyoo 1938, ua ntej ZW - lub npe camouflage Zugführerwagen, pawg thawj coj lub tsheb, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog lub tank hais kom ua. ) thiab Lub Ob Hlis 25, 1935. rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm PzKpfw IV (txog 1938 BW - Begleitwagen - escort tsheb), thiab serial ntau lawm pib (raws li) nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1937. thiab Kaum Hli Ntuj 1937. sau qhov sib txawv - PzKpfw II (kom txog rau thaum 1938 Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 lossis LaS 100), kuj tau xaj rau Lub Ib Hlis 27, 1934, tab sis nws qhov kev tsim khoom pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1936. Txij thaum pib, lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam no tau ua tub rog nrog 20 mm cannon thiab ib qho. rab phom tshuab tau suav tias yog ib qho ntxiv rau PzKpfw I, thiab tom qab tsim cov naj npawb ntawm PzKpfw III thiab IV yuav tsum tau muab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, kom txog rau thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1939, PzKpfw I thiab II tau tuav lub German armored units, nrog ib tug me me ntawm PzKpfw III thiab IV tsheb.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1936, 32 PzKpfw I tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ib tus thawj coj PzBefwg kuv tau mus rau Spain ua ib feem ntawm lub tank battalion ntawm Condor Legion. Tus thawj coj tub rog yog Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Thoma. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub rov qab los ntawm kev poob, tag nrho ntawm 4 PzBefwg kuv thiab 88 PzKpfw kuv tau raug xa mus rau Spain, tus so ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam raug xa mus rau Spain tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov teeb meem. Cov kev paub lus Mev tsis txhawb nqa - tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov cuab yeej tsis muaj zog, tsuas yog siv rab phom tshuab thiab nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tsis zoo rau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, feem ntau yog Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, qee qhov (BT-5) tau ua tub rog nrog 45-mm cannon. . Lub PzKpfw Kuv yeej tsis tsim nyog siv rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no, tab sis txawm li cas los xij tau siv txog thaum pib xyoo 1942 - tawm ntawm qhov tsim nyog, thaum tsis muaj lwm lub tso tsheb hlau luam hauv cov lej txaus.

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1938 General Guderian's 2nd Panzer Division tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Austria. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 10, nws tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab mus txog Austrian ciam teb rau lub Peb Hlis 12. Twb tau nyob rau theem no, kev faib tawm tau poob ntau lub tsheb vim qhov kev puas tsuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem kho lossis rub tau (lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kho vaj tse tsis txaus siab rau lub sijhawm ntawd). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chav nyob ib leeg tau sib xyaw ua ke vim kev ua haujlwm tsis raug ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev khiav tsheb thiab kev tswj xyuas ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj. Kev faib tawm nkag mus rau Austria hauv qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, txuas ntxiv mus poob cov khoom siv vim kev poob qis; lwm lub tsheb tau daig vim tsis muaj roj. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv roj txaus, yog li lawv tau pib siv cov chaw muag roj Austrian kev lag luam, them nrog cov cim German. Txawm li cas los xij, xyaum ua tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev faib mus txog Vienna, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tag nrho nws txoj kev txav mus los. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tsis zoo no, kev vam meej tau raug kaw, thiab General Guderian tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm Adolf Hitler nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov neeg Austrian sim tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, tus neeg ua yeeb yam thib 2 yuav them nyiaj rau nws qhov kev npaj tsis zoo.

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, theem tom ntej hauv kev tsim cov tub rog tshiab tau pib. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tsim ntawm 10th Division ntawm Würzburg thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4, uas suav nrog 5th Division ntawm 35th Panzer Battalion ntawm Bamberg thiab 36th Panzer Battalion ntawm Schweinfurt, kuj tsim rau 10 Kaum Ib Hlis 1938. 23rd Panzer hauv Schwetzingen. Lub 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd light brigades kuj tau tsim, uas suav nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm 65th brigade thiab cov tshiab tsim 66th thiab 67th brigades - nyob rau hauv Eisenach thiab Gross-Glinik, feem. Nws yog tsim nyog ntxiv rau ntawm no tias tom qab lub annexation ntawm Austria nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1938, lub Austrian mobile faib tau suav nrog nyob rau hauv lub Wehrmacht, uas yog me ntsis reorganized thiab nruab nrog German cov cuab yeej (tab sis nrog rau cov seem feem ntau Austrian neeg ua hauj lwm), ua lub 4th Light Division, nrog 33rd tank battalion. Yuav luag ib txhij, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, lub teeb brigades tau txaus manned kom renamed faib; lawv nyob qhov twg: 1. DLek - Wuppertal, 2. DLek - Gera, 3. DLek - Cottbus thiab 4. DLek - Vienna.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, kev tsim ntawm ob lub tub rog ywj pheej ntxiv tau pib - 6th thiab 8th BP. Lub 6th BNF, nyob hauv Würzburg, muaj 11th thiab 25th tso tsheb hlau luam (twb tsim), 8th BNR los ntawm Zhagan muaj 15th thiab 31st tso tsheb hlau luam. Armored General Lutz txhob txwm npaj cov tub rog no los siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm infantry, uas tsis yog kev sib cais ntawm kev sib tw rau kev ywj pheej maneuvering. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li xyoo 1936, General Lutz tau ploj mus. Txij lub Tsib Hlis 1936 txog Lub Kaum Hli 1937, Colonel Werner Kempf tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Cov Tub Ceev Xwm Siab, thiab tom qab ntawd, txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, Lieutenant General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, General Scheel. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, Lieutenant General Heinz Guderian tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ceev, thiab pib hloov pauv. Kev tsim ntawm 5th Light Division tau txiav tam sim ntawd thiab hloov los ntawm 5th Infantry Division (lub hauv paus hauv Opole), uas suav nrog yav dhau los ywj pheej 8th Infantry Division los ntawm Žagan.

Txij li thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1939, General Guderian xav txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb faib rau hauv lub tank faib thiab tshem tawm cov tub rog pab tub rog. Ib tug ntawm cov pab tub rog no yog "absorbed" los ntawm 5th Dpanc; Tseem tshuav ob tug ntxiv. Nws tsis yog li ntawd tsis muaj tseeb tias qhov teeb pom kev sib faib tau raug tshem tawm vim qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm 1939 Polish phiaj los nqis tes. Raws li Guderian txoj kev npaj, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th thiab 5th armored divisions yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tsis hloov, 1st thiab 2nd. DLek yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv (feem ntau): 3rd, 4th, 6th thiab 7th Dancers. Cov kev faib tshiab, ntawm qhov tsim nyog, muaj cov tub rog tub rog ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib cais: 8th Infantry Division - 9th Polish Armored Division thiab I. / 6. bpants (yav tas los 11th bpants), 12th manor tsev - 65th manor tsev thiab I./7. bpants (yav tas los 35th bpants), 34th manor tsev - 66th manor tsev thiab I./8. bpank (yav tas los 15th bpank) thiab 16th faib - 67th bpank thiab I./9. bpanc (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ob tug tshiab tank battalions), tab sis qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev nqus ntawm Czech tso tsheb hlau luam, paub nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees li PzKpfw 33 (t) thiab npaj ntau lawm kab ntawm lub tank qauv hu ua PzKpfw 32 (t. ). Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm los hloov lub teeb faib rau hauv lub tank faib tsis tau ua kom txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli-Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 35.

Twb tau nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 1936, cov lus txib ntawm XVI Army Corps (Armored General Oswald Lutz) tau tsim nyob rau hauv Berlin, uas suav nrog 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd Dancers. Nws yuav tsum dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Wehrmacht. Xyoo 1938, tus thawj coj ntawm lub koomhaum no yog Lieutenant General Erich Hoepner. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog hauv daim ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus.

Armored troops nyob rau hauv aggression tawm tsam Poland nyob rau hauv 1939

Nyob rau lub sijhawm Lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli 1939, cov tub rog German tau pauv mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm pib rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Poland. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum Lub Xya Hli, cov lus txib ntawm lub koom haum ceev ceev tshiab, Pawg Tub Rog XNUMXth, tau tsim, nrog General Heinz Guderian ua nws tus thawj coj. Lub hauv paus hauv paus ntawm lub corps tau tsim nyob rau hauv Vienna, tab sis sai sai no tau xaus nyob rau hauv Western Pomerania.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 10th Panzer Division tau tsim nyob rau hauv Prague los ntawm "pov tseg rau ntawm daim kab xev", uas, ntawm qhov tsim nyog, muaj cov khoom tsis tiav thiab yog ib feem ntawm ib pab tub rog hauv kev sib tw Polish xyoo 1939. 8th PPank, 86. PPZmot, II./29. Artillery reconnaissance battalion. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho kev ua tsov rog improvised DPanc "Kempf" (tus thawj coj Major General Werner Kempf) raws li lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm 4th BPanc, los ntawm qhov 8th Polish armored division tau coj mus rau hauv 10th infantry division. Yog li ntawd, lub 7th Polish Armored Division tseem nyob rau hauv no division, uas ntxiv nrog rau lub SS regiment "Lub teb chaws Yelemees" thiab SS artillery regiment. Qhov tseeb, qhov kev faib no kuj muaj qhov loj ntawm ib pab tub rog.

Ua ntej kev ua phem tawm tsam Poland xyoo 1939, German tank kev faib tawm tau muab faib ua tub rog sib cais; muaj ntau tshaj ob nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev.

Pawg Tub Rog North (Colonel-General Fedor von Bock) muaj ob pab tub rog - 3rd Army nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia (Artillery General Georg von Küchler) thiab 4th Army nyob rau Western Pomerania (Artillery General Günther von Kluge). Raws li ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Thib 3, tsuas muaj DPants improvised "Kempf" ntawm 11th KA, nrog rau ob qho kev faib tub rog "tsis tu ncua" (61st thiab 4th). Cov tub rog thib 3 suav nrog 2nd SA ntawm General Guderian, suav nrog 20th Panzer Division, 10th thiab 8th Panzer Divisions (motorized), thiab tom qab ntawd lub 10th Panzer Division tau suav nrog hauv nws. Pawg Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb (Colonel General Gerd von Rundstedt) muaj peb pab tub rog. Lub 17th Army (General Johannes Blaskowitz), nce mus rau sab laug tis ntawm lub ntsiab nres, muaj nyob rau hauv lub 10th SA tsuas yog lub motorized SS regiment "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler" nrog rau ob "tsis tu ncua" DPs (1939 thiab 1st). Lub 4th Army (Artillery General Walther von Reichenau), nce los ntawm Lower Silesia nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub German tawm tsam, muaj tus naas ej XVI SA (Lieutenant General Erich Hoepner) nrog ob "tag nrho cov ntshav" tank divisions (tsuas yog xws li corps nyob rau hauv. Polish phiaj los nqis tes ntawm 14 AD). ) - 31st thiab 2nd Panzer Divisions, tab sis diluted nrog ob "ntev" infantry divisions (3rd thiab 13th). Lub 29th SA (General ntawm Armored Forces Hermann Goth) muaj 10th thiab 1st DLek, lub 65th SA (Infantry General Gustav von Wietersheim) thiab ob motorized DPs - lub 11th thiab 14th. 2nd Dlek, uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev hloov ntawm nws lub txhab nyiaj thib 4 los ntawm 3rd Panzer Regiment. Nyob rau hauv 5th Army (Colonel-General Wilhelm List), nrog rau ob pab tub rog infantry corps, yog 8th SA (Infantry General Eugen Beyer) nrog rau 28th Panzer Division, 239th Dleck thiab XNUMXth Roob Infantry Division. Tsis tas li ntawd, XNUMXth SA suav nrog XNUMXth Infantry Division thiab SS Motorized Regiment "Germania", nrog rau peb pawg tub rog "tsis tu ncua": lub XNUMXth, XNUMXth thiab XNUMXth Infantry Divisions. Los ntawm txoj kev, tom kawg tau tsim plaub hnub ua ntej tsov rog hauv Opole, ua ib feem ntawm peb nthwv dej ntawm kev sib tw.

Hauv tsib xyoos, cov neeg German tau xa mus rau xya qhov kev cob qhia zoo thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm zoo thiab plaub lub teeb faib.

Daim duab saum toj no qhia tau hais tias lub zog tawm tsam tseem ceeb yog 10 Cov Tub Rog, nce los ntawm Lower Silesia los ntawm Piotrkow Trybunalski mus rau Warsaw, uas muaj ib lub koom haum nrog ob pawg tub rog puv npo hauv Polish kev sib tw xyoo 1939; tag nrho cov seem tau tawg khiav ri niab ntawm ntau lub corps ntawm tus kheej cov tub rog. Rau kev ua phem tawm tsam Poland, cov Germans tau siv tag nrho lawv lub tank ntawm lawv qhov chaw pov tseg thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab lawv tau ua nws zoo dua thaum lub sijhawm Anschluss ntawm Austria.

Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib daim ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm tsab xov xwm hauv hluav taws xob version >>