Qab zib puas tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob?
Txheem
Thaum koj xav txog tej yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, qab zib feem ntau tsis yog thawj yam uas los rau hauv siab, tab sis qhov tseeb yuav ua rau koj xav tsis thoob.
Qab zib yog siv ntau yam khoom noj, nrog rau cov ncuav qab zib thiab chocolate. Nws tsim cov kua qab zib hauv dej thiab yooj yim dissociates. Tab sis ntau tus neeg tseem tsis paub meej tias cov kua qab zib xa hluav taws xob los yog tsis, txawm hais tias peb txhua tus paub tias cov tshuaj electrolyte, xws li cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm NaCl, ua. Raws li ib tus kws paub txog hluav taws xob nrog kev mob siab rau chemistry, kuv yuav hais txog cov ncauj lus no thiab cov ncauj lus ntsig txog hauv phau ntawv qhia no.
Cov ntsiab lus luv luv: Cov kua qab zib tsis ua hluav taws xob. Cov ions dawb uas xav tau los nqa hluav taws xob tsis muaj nyob hauv cov kua qab zib. Covalent bonds tuav cov piam thaj molecules ua ke, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm cov ions dawb hauv dej. Vim tias nws tsis yaj cov ions dawb zoo li cov tshuaj electrolyte ua, cov kua qab zib ua raws li cov insulator.
Hauv qab no kuv yuav ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tob.
Qab zib puas tuaj yeem xa hluav taws xob?
Cov lus teb tsis yog, cov kua qab zib tsis ua hluav taws xob.
Vim li cas: Cov ions dawb uas xav tau los nqa hluav taws xob tsis muaj nyob hauv cov kua qab zib. Covalent bonds tuav cov piam thaj molecules ua ke kom lawv tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ions mobile hauv dej. Cov kua qab zib yog ib qho insulator vim, tsis zoo li cov tshuaj electrolyte, nws tsis dissociate dawb ions.
Chemistry ntawm cov piam thaj molecule
Formula: C12H22O11
12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms thiab 11 oxygen atoms ua rau cov organic molecule hu ua qab zib. Qab Zib muaj cov tshuaj formula: C12H22O11. Nws tseem hu ua sucrose.
Cov suab thaj complex sucrose, lactose thiab maltose muaj ib qho tshuaj formula - C12H22O11
Ib qho tshuaj hu ua qab zib yog sucrose. Qab Zib yog qhov feem ntau ntawm sucrose.
Bond type - covalent
Covalent bonds txuas carbon (C), hydrogen (H), thiab oxygen (O) atoms.
Dej qab zib - puas muaj ions dawb?
Cov kua qab zib yog tau los ntawm kev qhia cov suab thaj rau hauv (H2O) dej thiab sib tov kom huv si. Qab zib thiab dej molecules muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl (-OH). Yog li, hydrogen bonds khi cov piam thaj molecules.
Qab zib molecules tsis dissociate, yog li ntawd covalent daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov piam thaj molecules tsis tawg. Thiab tsuas yog tshiab hydrogen bonds yog tsim ntawm molecules thiab dej.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim tsis muaj kev hloov ntawm electrons ntawm qab zib molecules. Txhua lub electron tseem txuas nrog nws cov qauv molecular. Yog li ntawd, cov kua qab zib tsis muaj ions dawb uas tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob.
Cov piam thaj puas ua hluav taws xob hauv dej?
Cov electrolyte hauv cov tshuaj electrolytic, zoo li NaCl thiab KCl, muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic. Lawv sai sai yaj mus rau hauv dawb mobile ions thaum ntxiv rau (H2O) dej, tso cai rau lawv txav los ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab ua hluav taws xob.
Ntev npaum li cov piam thaj molecules tsis nyob nruab nrab, cov electrolytes raug them.
Lub xeev cov piam thaj - nws puas ua hluav taws xob?
Carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen atoms hauv qab zib uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C12H22O11, yog txuas los ntawm covalent bonds raws li saum toj no.
- Txij li cov piam thaj molecules yog nruab nrab, yog tias peb tso hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau ntawm cov khoom siv suab thaj (khoom), cov hluav taws xob yuav tsis txav mus los ntawm nws. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus kuj tseem muaj cov nqi sib faib ntawm ob lub atoms.
- Cov hluav taws xob tseem nyob ruaj khov thiab cov piam thaj molecule ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim tias cov khoom siv tsis yog polar.
- Cov ions dawb, uas ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev hla ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm ib tug tshuaj complex tsis muaj mobile ions.
Txhua yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem yaj lossis sib cais hauv dej yam tsis tau tso ions yog hu ua non-electrolyte. Hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog electrolyte hauv cov tshuaj aqueous.
Ua tib zoo saib qee qhov ntawm peb cov lus hauv qab no.
- Sucrose ua hluav taws xob
- Nitrogen ua hluav taws xob
- Puas yog WD40 ua hluav taws xob?
Video link
