Compression ntawm lub cav kub

Kev Ntsuas kub compression Internal combustion engine ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau nws tus nqi nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm mob ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Nrog lub cav sov thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab accelerator pedal (qhib throttle), compression yuav siab tshaj plaws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws raug pom zoo los ntsuas nws, thiab tsis yog ntawm qhov txias, thaum tag nrho cov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub piston mechanism thiab li qub ntawm kev noj / tso tawm tsis tau tsim los yog.

Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau compression

Ua ntej ntsuas, nws raug nquahu kom sov lub cav kom txog thaum lub kiv cua txias tig, mus rau qhov txias txias ntawm + 80 ° C ... + 90 ° C.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm compression rau txias thiab kub yog tias lub tshuab tsis muaj cua sov, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, nws tus nqi yuav ib txwm qis dua li ntawm lub rhuab. Qhov no tau piav qhia yooj yim heev. Raws li lub hauv paus combustion engine warms li, nws cov hlau qhov chaw nthuav, thiab raws li, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom txo, thiab nruj nreem.

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kub ntawm lub cav combustion, cov laj thawj hauv qab no tseem cuam tshuam rau tus nqi compression ntawm lub cav combustion sab hauv:

• Throttle txoj hauj lwm. Thaum lub throttle raug kaw, lub compression yuav qis dua, thiab raws li, nws tus nqi yuav nce ntxiv thaum lub throttle qhib.
• Cua lim cua txias. Compression yuav ib txwm siab dua nrog lub lim huv dua yog tias nws tau txhaws.

  Clogged cua lim txo compression

• valve clearances. Yog tias qhov khoob ntawm cov li qub loj dua li qhov lawv yuav tsum yog, qhov xoob haum hauv lawv "neeb" ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv vim qhov kev tso pa tawm thiab compression txo qis. Nrog lub tsheb me me, nws yuav nres txhua.
• Cov pa tawm. Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis yog tias nws tuaj yeem, nrog kev nqus, compression ntawm lub cav combustion sab hauv yuav txo qis.
• Roj nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber. Yog hais tias muaj roj los yog khawb hauv lub tog raj kheej, ces tus nqi compression yuav nce. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv.
• Roj ntau dhau hauv lub combustion chamber. Yog hais tias muaj roj ntau, ces nws dilutes thiab ntxuav tawm cov roj, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug sealant nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber, thiab qhov no txo ​​tus nqi compression.
• crankshaft kev sib hloov ceev. Qhov siab dua, qhov siab dua tus nqi compression, vim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsis muaj cua nkag (roj huab cua sib xyaw) vim kev depressurization. Lub crankshaft kev sib hloov ceev nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov roj teeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov chav nyob mus txog 1 ... 2 cua hauv qab. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau kev ntsuas compression thaum nws kub, nws tseem ceeb heev uas lub roj teeb tau them thiab lub oob khab rov zoo thaum kuaj xyuas.

Yog hais tias lub combustion engine yog ua hauj lwm zoo, ces lub compression ntawm ib tug txias internal combustion engine yuav tsum tau nce sai heev thaum nws warms li, cia nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub vib nas this. Yog tias qhov nce hauv compression qeeb, qhov no txhais tau tias, feem ntau yuav, burnt piston rings. Thaum lub compression siab tsis nce tag nrho (tib yam compression yog siv rau txias thiab kub), tab sis nws tshwm sim hais tias, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nws ntog, ces feem ntau yuav. tshuab lub tog raj kheej taub hau gasket. Yog li yog tias koj xav paub tias vim li cas thiaj li muaj qhov txias txias ntau dua li qhov kub compression, supposedly nws yuav tsum yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nrhiav cov lus teb nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej taub hau gasket.

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov compression rau kub nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev khiav hauj lwm tso cai rau koj los soj ntsuam kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug neeg cov khoom ntawm lub tog raj kheej-piston pawg ntawm lub internal combustion engine (CPG). Yog li ntawd, thaum kuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cav combustion, tus tswv ib txwm pom zoo kom ntsuas qhov compression hauv lub tog raj kheej.

Kub compression xeem

Yuav pib nrog, cia peb teb cov lus nug - yog vim li cas compression raug kuaj xyuas ntawm lub cav sov sab hauv combustion? Cov kab hauv qab yog tias thaum kuaj mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov siab tshaj plaws compression yog ua tau nyob rau hauv lub combustion engine nyob rau hauv lub ncov ntawm nws lub hwj chim. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov qis no tus nqi yog, qhov mob ntawm lub cav combustion sab hauv yog qhov tsis zoo. Ntawm lub tshuab cua txias sab hauv combustion, compression tsuas yog kuaj xyuas yog tias lub tsheb tsis pib zoo ntawm qhov txias, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov pib tau raug kuaj xyuas lawm.

Ua ntej ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sab hauv combustion engine compression, koj yuav tsum paub tias nws yuav tsum zoo li cas rau lub cav combustion sab hauv raug ntsuas. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog muab rau hauv phau ntawv kho rau lub tsheb lossis nws lub cav combustion sab hauv. Yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, ces qhov compression tuaj yeem suav tau empirically.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub seb qhov compression yuav tsum kwv yees li cas

Txhawm rau ua qhov no, coj tus nqi ntawm qhov sib piv compression hauv lub tog raj kheej thiab muab faib los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm 1,3. Txhua lub cav combustion yuav muaj qhov sib txawv, txawm li cas los xij, rau cov tsheb niaj hnub nrog cov roj av sab hauv combustion engine, nws yog hais txog 9,5 ... 10 atmospheres rau 76th thiab 80th roj av, thiab mus txog 11 ... 14 atmospheres rau 92nd, 95 thiab 98th roj av. Diesel ICEs muaj 28 ... 32 cua rau ICEs ntawm cov qauv qub, thiab txog li 45 cua rau ICEs niaj hnub.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm compression nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej ntawm lawv tus kheej tej zaum yuav txawv rau roj av cav los ntawm 0,5 ... 1 cua, thiab rau diesel cav los ntawm 2,5 ... 3 atmospheres.

Yuav ntsuas compression li cas thaum kub

Thaum lub sij hawm thawj zaug xyuas ntawm compression ntawm lub internal combustion engine rau ib tug kub, cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau ua raws li:

Universal compression ntsuas

• Internal combustion engine yuav tsum tau warmed li, nyob rau hauv ib tug txias internal combustion engine tus nqi yuav underestimated.
• Lub throttle valve yuav tsum qhib tag nrho (gas pedal rau hauv pem teb). Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no tsis tau ntsib, tom qab ntawd lub combustion chamber ntawm qhov chaw tuag saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsis ua tiav nrog cov cua-roj sib tov. Vim li no, lub tshuab nqus tsev me me yuav tshwm sim thiab qhov sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib tov yuav pib ntawm qhov qis dua piv rau atmospheric siab. Qhov no yuav underestimate tus nqi compression thaum kuaj.
• Lub roj teeb yuav tsum tau them tag nrho. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tig lub crankshaft ntawm qhov xav tau ceev. Yog hais tias qhov kev sib hloov ceev yog tsawg, ces ib feem ntawm cov roj gases los ntawm lub chamber yuav muaj sij hawm los khiav tawm los ntawm leaks nyob rau hauv li qub thiab rings. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub compression yuav underestimated.

Tom qab ua qhov kev sim thawj zaug nrog lub qhov qhib qhib, qhov kev sim zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub kaw lus kaw. Cov xwm txheej rau nws qhov kev siv yog tib yam, tab sis koj tsis tas yuav nias lub roj pedal.

Cov tsos mob ntawm malfunctions nrog txo compression kom kub nyob rau hauv ntau hom

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub compression qis dua tus nqi nominal ntawm ib qho qhib throttle, qhov no qhia tau hais tias ib qho pa tawm. Nws tuaj yeem tawm nrog hnyav hnav ntawm compression rings, muaj kev qaug dab peg tseem ceeb ntawm daim iav ntawm ib lossis ntau lub tog raj kheej, abrasions ntawm lub piston / pistons, tawg nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej thaiv los yog ntawm lub pistons, burnout los yog "dai" nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib los yog ntau tshaj li qub.

Tom qab kev ntsuas ntawm qhov qhib dav dav, xyuas qhov compression nrog lub throttle kaw. Hauv hom no, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm huab cua yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub tog raj kheej, yog li koj tuaj yeem "xua" qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov pa tawm. Qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias deformation ntawm lub qia / valve, hnav ntawm lub rooj zaum / valve, burnout ntawm lub tog raj kheej taub hau gasket.

Rau feem ntau lub cav diesel, txoj hauj lwm throttle tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li cov roj av fais fab. Yog li ntawd, lawv compression yog ntsuas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ob lub xeev ntawm lub cev muaj zog - txias thiab kub. Feem ntau thaum lub throttle raug kaw (gas pedal tso tawm). Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsim los nrog lub valve nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv manifold tsim los tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev siv los ua haujlwm lub tshuab nqus tsev nres thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev.

Kev ntsuas kub compression raug pom zoo. ntau tshaj ib zaug, tab sis ob peb zaug, thaum sau cov ntawv nyeem hauv txhua lub tog raj kheej thiab ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas. Qhov no tseem yuav tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav kev tawg. Piv txwv li, yog tias thaum lub sij hawm thawj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tus nqi compression tsawg (kwv yees 3 ... 4 atmospheres), thiab tom qab ntawd nws nce (piv txwv li, mus txog 6 ... 8 atmospheres), ces qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj. hnav piston rings, hnav piston grooves, los yog scuffing ntawm lub tog raj kheej phab ntsa. Yog tias, thaum ntsuas tom ntej, tus nqi compression tsis nce, tab sis tseem nyob tas li (thiab qee zaum yuav txo qis), qhov no txhais tau hais tias huab cua nkag mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm qhov chaw puas los yog lawv cov xoob haum (depressurization). Feem ntau cov no yog li qub thiab / lossis lawv qhov chaw tsaws.

Compression test kub nrog roj ntxiv

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas compression nyob rau hauv lub cav cylinders

Thaum ntsuas, koj tuaj yeem nce qhov compression los ntawm kev xa me ntsis (li 5 ml) ntawm cov roj cav rau hauv lub tog raj kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov roj tsis tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub tog raj kheej, tab sis kis tau raws nws cov phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub compression nyob rau hauv lub xeem lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum tau nce. Yog hais tias lub compression nyob rau hauv ob lub tog raj kheej nyob ib sab qis, thiab tib lub sij hawm ntxiv roj tsis pab, feem ntau yuav tshuab taub hau gasket. Lwm variant - xoob haum ntawm li qub mus rau lawv tsaws eeb, burnout ntawm li qub, lawv kaw tsis tiav raws li qhov tshwm sim kev kho qhov tsis raug, piston burnout los yog tawg nyob rau hauv nws.

Yog hais tias, tom qab ntxiv roj rau lub tog raj kheej phab ntsa, lub compression nce sharply thiab txawm ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb pom zoo los ntawm lub Hoobkas, qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj coking nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej los yog piston nplhaib sticking.

Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lub tog raj kheej nrog cua. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov nruj ntawm lub tog raj kheej taub hau gasket, piston burnout, tawg ntawm lub piston. Thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum tau nruab lub piston kuaj ntawm TDC. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab cua compressor thiab siv cov cua siab sib npaug ntawm 2 ... 3 atmospheres rau lub tog raj kheej.

Nrog lub tshuab taub hau gasket, koj yuav hnov ​​​​lub suab ntawm huab cua khiav tawm ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob uas nyob ib sab zoo. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cav tov carbureted huab cua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tawm los ntawm lub carburetor, ces qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj ib txwm haum ntawm lub intake valve. koj kuj yuav tsum tau tshem lub hau ntawm cov roj muab tub lim. Yog tias huab cua tawm ntawm lub caj dab, ces muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg lossis kub hnyiab ntawm lub piston. Yog tias huab cua khiav tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub qhov tso pa tawm, qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub valve / valve tsis haum snugly tiv thaiv lub rooj.

Pheej yig compression meters feem ntau muab qhov kev ntsuas loj. Vim li no, nws tseem pom zoo kom ua ntau qhov kev ntsuas compression ntawm tus kheej kheej kheej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib piv compression raws li lub hauv paus combustion engine hnav tawm. Piv txwv li, txhua 50 txhiab kilometers - ntawm 50, 100, 150, 200 txhiab kilometers. Raws li lub internal combustion engine hnav tawm, lub compression yuav tsum txo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tib yam (los yog kaw) tej yam kev mob - huab cua kub, internal combustion engine kub, crankshaft rotation ceev.

Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub combustion engine, lub mileage ntawm uas yog hais txog 150 ... 200 txhiab kilometers, compression tus nqi yog tib yam li rau lub tsheb tshiab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob zoo siab rau tag nrho cov, vim hais tias qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lub cav yog nyob rau hauv zoo, tab sis hais tias ib tug loj heev txheej ntawm soot tau sau nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub combustion chambers (lub tog raj kheej). Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem heev rau lub cav combustion sab hauv, txij li qhov kev txav ntawm lub pistons nyuaj, nws ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nplhaib thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm lub combustion chamber. Raws li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom tu, los yog nws yog lub sij hawm mus overhaul lub internal combustion engine.

xaus

Kev ntsuas compression feem ntau yog ua "kub". Nws cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tshaj tawm tsis tsuas yog txo qis hauv nws, thiab yog li txo qis hauv lub zog ntawm lub cav, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo hauv pawg cylinder-piston, xws li hnav cov nplhaib compression, scuffing ntawm lub tog raj kheej phab ntsa, lub tog raj kheej tawg. gasket, burnout los yog "freezing" li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm lub cev muaj zog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov kev sim compression nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub combustion engine - txias, kub, nrog kaw thiab qhib throttle.