Hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej?

Dej feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib qho hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob vim tias yog tias muaj qhov tam sim no hauv dej thiab ib tus neeg kov nws, lawv tuaj yeem raug hluav taws xob.

Muaj ob yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hom dej los yog tus nqi ntawm cov ntsev thiab lwm yam minerals, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob tiv tauj. Kab lus no piav qhia ob qho tib si tab sis tsom rau qhov thib ob txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej.

Peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm plaub thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob hauv dej (siab txaus ntshai, txaus ntshai, txaus ntshai, muaj kev nyab xeeb). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov nyuaj los txiav txim siab. Lawv nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kev ntxhov siab / kev siv zog, kev faib tawm, qhov tob, salinity, kub, topography, thiab txoj hauv kev uas tsis tshua muaj zog.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob deb hauv dej yog nyob ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov txhaum tam sim no mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev tam sim no (10 mA rau AC, 40 mA rau DC):

• Yog tias AC txhaum tam sim no yog 40A, qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv dej hiav txwv yuav yog 0.18m.
• Yog tias cov kab hluav taws xob poob qis (hauv av qhuav), koj yuav tsum nyob deb li 33 feet (10 meters) deb, uas yog hais txog qhov ntev ntawm lub tsheb npav. Hauv dej, qhov kev ncua deb no yuav ntau dua.
• Yog tias lub khob cij poob rau hauv dej, koj yuav tsum nyob hauv 360 ko taw (110 meters) ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.

Kuv mam li mus rau hauv ntau yam hauv qab no.

Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb kom paub

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias hluav taws xob tuaj yeem mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej vim tias thaum muaj hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no hauv qab dej, leej twg nyob hauv lossis cuam tshuam nrog dej yuav raug hluav taws xob poob.

Nws yuav pab tau kom paub tias qhov kev ncua deb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj qhov pheej hmoo no. Thaum qhov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej dej nyab, nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj kev paub txog qhov no.

Lwm qhov laj thawj kom paub tias qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej yog kev nuv ntses hluav taws xob, qhov twg hluav taws xob txhob txwm hla dej mus ntes ntses.

Hom dej

Cov dej ntshiab yog ib qho insulator zoo. Yog tias tsis muaj ntsev lossis lwm cov ntsiab lus ntxhia, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob qis yuav tsawg vim tias hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem mus deb hauv dej ntshiab. Hauv kev xyaum, txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov dej uas pom meej meej yuav muaj qee cov ionic compounds. Nws yog cov ions uas tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob.

Tau txais cov dej huv uas yuav tsis pub hluav taws xob hla tsis yooj yim. Txawm tias cov dej distilled condensed los ntawm chav thiab deionized dej npaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam yuav muaj ib co ions. Qhov no yog vim dej yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau ntau yam minerals, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom.

Cov dej uas koj tab tom txiav txim siab seb qhov hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas feem ntau yuav tsis huv. Tej yam dej kais dej, dej ntws, dej hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam yuav tsis huv. Tsis zoo li qhov kev xav los yog qhov nyuaj-nrhiav dej huv, dej ntsev yog qhov zoo dua ntawm cov hluav taws xob vim nws cov ntsiab lus ntsev (NaCl). Qhov no tso cai rau cov ions ntws, zoo li electrons ntws thaum ua hluav taws xob.

Nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag

Raws li koj xav tau, qhov ze koj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag hauv dej nrog lub hauv paus ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, nws yuav muaj kev phom sij ntau dua, thiab qhov deb, qhov tam sim no tsawg dua. Tam sim no tej zaum yuav tsawg txaus kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij ntawm qee qhov deb.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb yuav tsum paub tias qhov hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej ua ntej tam sim no tsis muaj zog txaus kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev paub txog qhov hluav taws xob nyob deb npaum li cas hauv dej tag nrho kom txog thaum tam sim no lossis qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, ze rau lossis sib npaug ntawm xoom.

Peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm thaj chaw hauv qab no nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw pib, los ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws mus rau thaj chaw deb tshaj plaws:

• Thaj chaw nyab xeeb - Kev sib cuag nrog dej hauv cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
• Thaj chaw txaus ntshai - Kev sib cuag nrog dej hauv cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj.
• Nruab Nrab Risk Zone - Hauv cheeb tsam no, muaj kev xav tias muaj tam sim no hauv dej, tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo yog nruab nrab lossis qis.
• Safe Zone - Hauv cheeb tsam no, koj nyob deb txaus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Txawm hais tias peb tau txheeb xyuas cov cheeb tsam no, kev txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv tsis yooj yim. Muaj ob peb yam cuam tshuam ntawm no, yog li peb tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees lawv.

Ceev faj! Thaum koj paub qhov twg cov hluav taws xob nyob hauv dej, koj yuav tsum sim nyob deb ntawm nws li sai tau thiab, yog tias koj ua tau, tua hluav taws xob.

Kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo thiab kev nyab xeeb

Peb tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov pheej hmoo thiab kev nyab xeeb nyob deb raws li cuaj yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

• Tension los yog siv - Qhov siab dua qhov hluav taws xob (los yog xob laim), qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab dua.
• Muab faib - Hluav taws xob dissipates los yog propagates nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv dej, feem ntau ntawm thiab nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw.
• tob “Kev hluav taws xob tsis nkag mus tob rau hauv dej. Txawm xob laim tsuas mus rau qhov tob li 20 ko taw ua ntej yuav ploj mus.
• ntsev - Cov ntsev ntau dua hauv dej, qhov ntau thiab dav nws yuav yooj yim hluav taws xob. Cov dej nyab dej hiav txwv muaj dej qab ntsev thiab tsis muaj zog (feem ntau ~ 22 ohmcm piv rau 420k ohmcm rau cov dej nag).
• Температура Qhov dej sov dua, qhov ceev nws cov molecules txav mus. Yog li ntawd, cov hluav taws xob tam sim no kuj yuav yooj yim rau propagate hauv dej sov.
• Topography - Lub topography ntawm cheeb tsam kuj tseem ceeb.
• Kab - Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob hauv dej yog siab yog tias koj lub cev dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov dej ntws. Koj tsuas yog muaj kev nyab xeeb tsuas yog tias muaj lwm txoj hauv kev qis dua nyob ib puag ncig koj.
• kov taw tes - Ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev muaj qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, caj npab feem ntau muaj qhov qis qis dua (~ 160 ohmcm) dua li lub cev (~ 415 ohmcm).
• Disconnect ntaus ntawv - Qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua yog tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej txiav tawm lossis yog tias muaj ib qho thiab nws lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua 20 ms.

Kev suav ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob deb

Kev kwv yees ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob deb tuaj yeem ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev coj ua rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv qab dej thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv underwater hluav taws xob engineering.

Yog tias tsis muaj kev tso tawm tsim nyog los tswj cov AC tam sim no, yog tias lub cev tam sim no tsis ntau tshaj 10 mA thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog 750 ohms, ces qhov siab tshaj plaws muaj kev nyab xeeb yog 6-7.5V. [1] Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv dej nyob ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov txhaum tam sim no rau qhov siab tshaj plaws lub cev tam sim no (10 mA rau AC, 40 mA rau DC):

• Yog tias AC txhaum tam sim no yog 40A, qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv dej hiav txwv yuav yog 0.18m.
• Yog tias cov kab hluav taws xob poob qis (hauv av qhuav), koj yuav tsum nyob deb li 33 feet (10 meters) deb, uas yog hais txog qhov ntev ntawm lub tsheb npav. [2] Hauv dej, qhov kev ncua deb yuav ntev dua.
• Yog tias lub khob cij poob rau hauv dej, koj yuav tsum nyob hauv 360 ko taw (110 meters) ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. [3]

Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau li cas yog tias dej muaj hluav taws xob?

Dhau li ntawm cov lus nug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej, lwm lo lus nug tseem ceeb yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas qhia seb dej puas muaj hluav taws xob.

txias fact: Sharks tuaj yeem ntes tsawg li 1 volt sib txawv ob peb mais ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.

Tab sis yuav ua li cas peb thiaj paub yog tias tam sim no ntws tag nrho?

Yog tias cov dej muaj hluav taws xob ntau, koj yuav xav tias koj yuav pom cov nplaim taws thiab cov ntsia hlau hauv nws. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Hmoov tsis zoo, koj yuav tsis pom dab tsi, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia tsuas yog pom dej xwb. Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ntsuas tam sim no, tib txoj hauv kev kom paub yog kom tau txais kev xav rau nws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txaus ntshai.

Tsuas yog lwm txoj hauv kev kom paub tseeb yog kuaj cov dej tam sim no.

Yog tias koj muaj lub pas dej hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ceeb toom kev poob siab ua ntej nkag mus rau nws. Lub cuab yeej teeb liab yog tias nws pom hluav taws xob hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw li sai tau.

Ua tib zoo saib qee qhov ntawm peb cov lus hauv qab no.

• Ua hmo ntuj siv hluav taws xob ntau
• Cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hla ntoo
• Nitrogen ua hluav taws xob

tswv yim pom zoo

[1] YMCA. Cov txheej txheem rau kev nyab xeeb siv hluav taws xob hauv qab dej. IMCA D 045, R 015. Tau txais los ntawm https://pdfcoffee.com/d045-pdf-free.html. 2010.

[2] BCHydro. Kev nyab xeeb deb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tawg. Tau txais los ntawm https://www.bchydro.com/safety-outages/electrical-safety/safe-distance.html.

[3] Reddit. Hluav taws xob mus deb npaum li cas hauv dej? Tau txais los ntawm https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2wb16v/how_far_can_electricity_travel_through_water/.

Video txuas

Rossen Tshaj Tawm: Yuav Ua Li Cas Pom Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Pas Dej, Pas Dej | Hnub no