Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb nrog kev txawj ntse

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1, lo lus "engineer" tau siv nyob rau hauv qee lub tebchaws los xa mus rau tus tsim khoom siv tub rog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus tau hloov mus rau ntau pua xyoo. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, qhov no tau nkag siab zoo li tsis tau muaj dua hauv keeb kwm (XNUMXth).

Los ntawm kev ua tiav engineering peb yuav nkag siab ntau yam ntawm tib neeg tsim, los ntawm cov pyramids ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws mus rau invention ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum rau txiv neej txoj kev mus rau lub hli.

thiab tib neeg yuav tsum tsis ua haujlwm yog tias nws tsis siv rau ib qho laj thawj ntxiv lawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, qhov no yog qhov peb feem ntau txhais cov ntawv thov kev paub txog science, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev paub lej, rau kev daws teeb meem.

2. Freeman Dyson phau ntawv "Tshiab lub Ntiaj Teb."

Kev lig kev cai, plaub lub ntsiab engineering kev qhuab qhia yog mechanical engineering, civil engineering, hluav taws xob engineering thiab chemical engineering. Yav tas los, ib tug engineer tshwj xeeb hauv kev qhuab qhia nkaus xwb. Ces nws hloov thiab hloov tas li. Niaj hnub no, txawm tias ib tus kws tshaj lij (piv txwv li tsis yog "software engineer" lossis "bioengineer") feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog kev siv tshuab, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev txhim kho software thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Engineers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam sectors xws li automotive, tiv thaiv, aerospace, zog nrog rau nuclear, roj thiab roj, thiab tauj dua tshiab zog xws li cua thiab hnub ci, nrog rau kev kho mob, ntim, tshuaj, aerospace, zaub mov, electronics thiab steel industries. lwm yam khoom siv hlau.

Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv 2 Disturbing the Universe (1981), physicist Freeman Dyson tau sau tias: “Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo yog ib tus neeg muaj tswv yim qub. Tus engineer zoo yog tus neeg uas tsim ib qhov project uas ua haujlwm nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov tswv yim qub. " Engineers tsis yog hnub qub. Lawv tsim, soj ntsuam, tsim, sim, hloov kho, nruab, tshuaj xyuas thiab pabcuam ntau yam khoom thiab cov tshuab. Lawv kuj pom zoo thiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem, saib xyuas kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho, ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, sab laj thiab qhia.

Los ntawm mechanics mus rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig

Lub teb ntawm engineering tam sim no tau muab faib ua ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Nov yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:

Mechanical engineering - qhov no yog, piv txwv li, tsim, tsim khoom, tswj thiab tswj cov tshuab, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv, nrog rau kev tswj hwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv los saib xyuas lawv cov mob thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws suav nrog, ntawm lwm tus, tsheb, tshuab, suav nrog kev tsim kho thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab ntau yam cuab yeej thiab khoom siv.

Hluav taws xob engineering - suav nrog kev tsim, kev sim, kev tsim khoom, kev tsim kho, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, tshuab thiab tshuab. Cov tshuab no sib txawv hauv qhov ntsuas, los ntawm microscopic circuits mus rau thoob plaws lub zog tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev sib kis.

- Kev tsim, kev tsim kho, kev saib xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov phiaj xwm loj xws li kev loj, kev tsheb ciav hlau, txuas hniav, qhov tob, dams thiab tshav dav hlau.

Aerospace engineering - tsim, tsim khoom thiab kuaj cov dav hlau thiab dav hlau, nrog rau cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv xws li airframes, propulsion systems, tswj thiab kev taw qhia systems, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob systems, kev sib txuas lus thiab navigation systems.

Nuclear technology - tsim, tsim, tsim, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim khoom, saib xyuas thiab kuaj pom cov hluav taws xob nuclear. Cov tshuab no muaj xws li cov khoom siv accelerators thiab nuclear reactors rau fais fab nroj tsuag thiab nkoj, thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm radioisotopes.

siv tshuab yog kev tsim, kev tsim kho thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv thauj khoom xws li cov tsev, txuas hniav thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse.

 - Kev xyaum tsim cov tshuab, khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv rau hauv kev kho mob.

chemical engineering - Kev xyaum tsim cov khoom siv, tshuab, thiab cov txheej txheem rau purifying raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib tov, sib txuas, thiab ua cov tshuaj los tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.

Computer engineering - Kev xyaum tsim cov khoom siv computer hardware, computer systems, networks thiab computer software.

Industrial Engineering - Kev xyaum tsim thiab optimizing cov cuab yeej, khoom siv, tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim khoom, kev ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

Environmental Engineering - Kev coj ua ntawm kev tiv thaiv, txo thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem cuam tshuam rau huab cua, dej thiab av. Nws tseem kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas cov pa phem, txheeb xyuas qhov chaw muaj kuab paug, ntxuav thiab kho qhov chaw muaj kab mob, thiab xyuas kom ua raws li cov cai hauv zos thiab hauv tebchaws.

Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias tus kheej tshwj xeeb sib tshooj loj heev. Vim li no, engineers yuav tsum muaj kev paub dav dav ntawm ntau yam kev kawm ntxiv rau lawv qhov tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, ib tug engineer pej xeem yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov tswv yim engineering, tus kws ua haujlwm hauv aerospace yuav tsum siv cov qauv kev tsim kho tshuab, thiab tus kws tsim hluav taws xob nuclear yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob engineering.

Txhua tus engineers, tsis hais qhov tshwj xeeb, xav tau kev paub tob txog lej, physics thiab computer technologies xws li computer modeling thiab design. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov kev kawm engineering niaj hnub no muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub hauv kev tsim thiab siv computer software thiab kho vajtse.

Tus engineer tsis ua haujlwm ib leeg

Ntxiv nrog rau kev kawm tsim nyog, kev paub thiab, feem ntau, kev txawj ntse, cov engineers niaj hnub yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev txawj hu ua "mos". Feem ntau hais lus, cov kev txawj no suav nrog kev hloov mus rau ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov teeb meem tshiab thiab cov xwm txheej "tsis yog txheej txheem" ​​uas tshwm sim.

Piv txwv li, kev txawj ua thawj coj thiab kev muaj peev xwm los tsim kev sib raug zoo tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua ke thaum tus kws tshaj lij tswj hwm pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm. Txoj hauv kev ua kom tau txais kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm txuj ci tsis txaus. Feem ntau koj kuj yuav tsum tau sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sab nraud kev lag luam, xws li cov neeg siv khoom, thiab qee zaum nrog cov pej xeem, cov neeg uas tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem txhais koj qhov kev paub dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus uas cov neeg sab hauv thiab sab nraud koj lub tuam tsev tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Vim yog qhov kev xav tau siab tshaj plaws, kev sib txuas lus feem ntau yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws. Engineers yuav luag tsis ua hauj lwm ib leeg. Lawv ua haujlwm nrog ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm, ob tus phooj ywg engineers thiab cov neeg sab nraud ntawm lawv chav haujlwm, ua kom tiav lawv cov haujlwm. Thiab cov kev txawj "muab" no kuj muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv xws li "Kev Txawj Ntse", kev nthuav qhia thiab kev cob qhia, muaj peev xwm piav qhia cov teeb meem nyuaj, muaj peev xwm txhawb siab, kev sib tham, kev ua siab ntev, kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo, kev npaj tswv yim thiab kev paub. ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas qhov project.

Qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm "mos" kev txawj ntse uas dhau mus dhau ntau lwm qhov "nyuaj" ntawm kev paub, tab sis kuj dhau qhov kev nkag siab nruj me ntsis ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm. Cov tom kawg suav nrog ntau yam xws li cov lus programming, kev paub txog keeb kwm, kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, muaj peev xwm tsim qauv, qauv, tshuab thiab tswj cov txheej txheem.

Ib yam li lwm cov kws tshaj lij uas xav tau kev paub txog kev tswj hwm qhov project, qee tus engineers thov rau kev tswj xyuas qhov project, xws li cov txheej txheem PMI paub zoo.

Niaj hnub no, engineering feem ntau yog hais txog kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau.thiab qhov no txhais tau tias nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los siv cov kev paub uas twb muaj lawm—ib txoj kev muaj tswv yim tiag tiag. Engineering tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom muaj tswv yim.

Cov hnub ntawm kev nqaim tshwj xeeb tau ntev lawm

Daniel Cooley (3), tus lwm thawj tswj hwm thiab tus thawj coj zoo ntawm Silicon Labs, taw qhia hauv tsab xov xwm tshaj tawm tias tus kws ua haujlwm nkag mus rau xyoo thib peb ntawm xyoo pua XNUMX yuav tsum "saib xyuas" rau ob peb yam ntxiv uas tau loj hlob sai hauv xyoo tas los no. .

Thawj yog kev kawm tshuab thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kev siv tshuab (4). Qhov thib ob taw tes Cooley ua yog tias cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb kev coj ua yog ib yam dab tsi uas niaj hnub engineers tsis tuaj yeem siv yooj yim. Lwm cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog cov ntsiab lus thiab kev sib txuas rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev siv tshuab. Engineering yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab txog kev sib cais qab zib thiab xav txog nws qhov tshwj xeeb uas yog cais los ntawm txhua yam.

American National Academy of Engineering (NAE) tsab ntawv ceeb toom hu ua "2020 Engineer of the Year" piav qhia txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev siv tshuab engineering nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ceev ceev uas cov thev naus laus zis nce qib sai thiab tsis tu ncua. Nws qhia, ntawm lwm tus, hais tias thaj chaw xws li nanotechnology, biotechnology thiab kev ua haujlwm siab yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam yav tom ntej, txhais tau hais tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm engineers nrog kev txawj ntse hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav nce ntxiv. Raws li lub ntiaj teb ua ntau dua thiab sib cuam tshuam thiab khi los ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm suav tsis txheeb, cov kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev koom tes hauv kev sib koom tes. Qee cov haujlwm engineering kuj tseem yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm ntxiv. Piv txwv li, civil engineers yuav yog ib feem ntawm lub luag hauj lwm los tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw ruaj khov thaum txhim kho lub neej zoo. Cov hnub ntawm kev tshwj xeeb nqaim dhau lawm, thiab qhov kev sib txawv no tsuas yog tob zuj zus - qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm.