Exhaust system - ntaus ntawv
Lub tsheb nruab nrog lub cav combustion nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ib tug system los ntawm cov pa gases emissions. Xws li ib tug system, hu ua lub tso pa tawm, tshwm sim ib txhij nrog lub invention ntawm lub cav thiab, nrog rau nws, tau raug txhim kho thiab modernized nyob rau hauv lub xyoo. Yuav ua li cas lub tso pa system ntawm lub tsheb muaj thiab yuav ua li cas txhua yam ntawm nws cov Cheebtsam ua hauj lwm, peb yuav qhia rau koj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Peb tus ncej ntawm qhov tso pa tawm
Thaum cov huab cua-roj sib tov yog hlawv nyob rau hauv lub engine lub tog raj kheej, tso pa gases yog tsim, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom lub tog raj kheej refilled nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov sib tov. Rau cov hom phiaj no, automotive engineers invented lub pa system. Nws muaj peb lub ntsiab Cheebtsam: tso manifold, catalytic converter (converter), muffler. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem no cais.
Exhaust system daim duab. Hauv qhov no, lub resonator yog ib qho ntxiv muffler.
Lub tso pa manifold tshwm yuav luag ib txhij nrog lub internal combustion engine. Qhov no yog ib lub cav accessory uas muaj ob peb lub raj uas txuas lub combustion chamber ntawm txhua lub tog raj kheej cav rau lub catalytic converter. Cov pa tawm manifold yog ua los ntawm cov hlau (cam khwb cia hlau, stainless hlau) los yog ceramic.
Manifold
Txij li thaum lub collector yog tas li nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov pa roj kub kub, collectors ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau thiab stainless hlau yog ntau "ua hauj lwm". Ib tug stainless hlau collector kuj zoo dua, raws li condensate accumulates nyob rau hauv lub txias txheej txheem tom qab lub tsheb nres. Condensation tuaj yeem corrode ib tug cam khwb cia hlau manifold, tab sis corrosion tsis tshwm sim ntawm stainless hlau manifold. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm ceramic manifold yog nws qhov hnyav, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab ntawm cov pa tso pa rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab tawg.
Hamann tso tawm manifold
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa tawm manifold yog yooj yim. Cov pa hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm lub qhov tso pa tawm mus rau qhov tso pa tawm thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau catalytic converter. Ntxiv nrog rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pa pa tawm, lub manifold pab ntxuav lub combustion chambers ntawm lub cav thiab "sau" ib feem tshiab ntawm cov pa roj. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj hauv lub combustion chamber thiab manifold. Lub siab nyob rau hauv lub manifold yog qis dua nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber, yog li ib tug nthwv dej yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub manifold kav, uas, reflected los ntawm cov nplaim taws (resonator) los yog catalytic converter, rov qab mus rau lub combustion chamber, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no tso pa tawm nws pab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tom ntej. Ceev cov kev tsim ntawm cov nthwv dej no nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub cav: qhov siab dua, qhov ceev ntawm nthwv dej yuav "taug kev" raws tus neeg sau.
Los ntawm cov pa tawm manifold, cov pa roj nkag mus rau hauv lub converter lossis catalytic converter. Nws muaj cov ceramic honeycombs, nyob rau saum npoo ntawm uas muaj ib txheej ntawm platinum-iridium alloy.
Schematic ntawm lub catalytic converter
Thaum sib cuag nrog cov txheej txheem no, nitrogen thiab oxygen oxides yog tsim los ntawm cov pa pa tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog siv los hlawv roj seem hauv cov pa tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua ntawm cov catalyst reagents, sib tov ntawm nitrogen thiab carbon dioxide nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab tso pa.
Thaum kawg, qhov thib peb lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb lub tso pa tawm yog lub muffler, uas yog ib qho cuab yeej tsim los txo cov suab nrov thaum tso pa tawm. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj plaub yam: ib lub raj txuas lub resonator los yog catalyst mus rau lub silencer, lub silencer nws tus kheej, lub tso pa thiab lub tso pa yeeb nkab.
Muffler
Cov pa hluav taws xob ua kom huv los ntawm cov teeb meem impurities tuaj ntawm cov catalyst los ntawm cov yeeb nkab mus rau muffler. Lub cev muffler yog ua los ntawm ntau qib ntawm cov hlau: zoo tib yam (kev pabcuam lub neej - txog li 2 xyoos), aluminized (kev pabcuam lub neej - 3-6 xyoo) lossis stainless hlau (lub neej pabcuam - 10-15 xyoo). Nws muaj ntau lub chamber tsim, nrog rau txhua lub chamber muab qhov qhib los ntawm cov pa roj nkag mus rau tom ntej chamber nyob rau hauv lem. Ua tsaug rau ntau qhov kev lim dej no, cov pa pa tawm tau damped, lub suab nthwv dej ntawm cov pa pa tawm yog damped. Cov gases ces nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab. Nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm lub cav ntsia hauv lub tsheb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kav dej tso tawm tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib mus rau plaub. Cov ntsiab lus kawg yog qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Turbocharged tsheb muaj cov mufflers me dua li cov tsheb aspirated. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub turbine siv cov pa pa ua haujlwm, yog li tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov pa tawm; yog li cov qauv no muaj me me mufflers.
