Pakistan Air Force
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Pakistani kev sib ntaus sib tua aviation nyob nrog Chengdu JF-17 Thunder aircraft, tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj tab sis tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv Pakistan.
Ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Askiv, Pakistani Air Force hnub no sawv cev rau lub zog tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam, siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm Asmeskas thiab Suav, nrog rau cov khoom siv los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Pakistan tsim kev tiv thaiv kev ywj pheej raws li lub hauv paus ntawm nuclear deterrence, tab sis tsis tsis quav ntsej cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv, ob qho tib si ntawm kev cuam tshuam tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm thiab hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua phem.
Pakistan, los yog lub koom pheej Islamic ntawm Pakistan, yog ib lub teb chaws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Central Asia, yuav luag 2,5 npaug loj dua Poland nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov pej xeem ntawm ntau tshaj 200 lab pej xeem. Lub teb chaws no muaj ciam teb ntev heev nrog Is Nrias teb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - 2912 km, uas nws "ib txwm" muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ciam teb. Nyob rau sab qaum teb nws ciam teb nrog Afghanistan (2430 km), thiab nruab nrab ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Afghanistan - nrog cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj (523 km). Nyob rau sab hnub poob, Pakistan kuj ciam teb rau Iran - 909 km. Nws muaj kev nkag los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau lub hiav txwv Indian, qhov ntev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yog 1046 km.
Pakistan yog ib nrab lowland, ib nrab roob. Sab hnub tuaj ib nrab, tshwj tsis yog rau sab qaum teb ntawm nws tus kheej, yog ib lub hav uas ncab los ntawm Indus River phiab (3180 km), ntws los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab hnub poob, los ntawm ciam teb nrog Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau ntug dej ntawm tus dej. Indian dej hiav txwv (Arabian hiav txwv). Lub ciam teb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog Is Nrias teb hais txog kev tiv thaiv hla dhau lub hav no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub qaum teb sab hnub poob ib nrab ntawm lub teb chaws raws ciam teb nrog Iran thiab Afghanistan yog ib tug roob toj siab, nrog ib tug roob toj siab ntawm lub Hindu Kush - lub Suleiman Toj siab. Lawv lub ncov siab tshaj plaws yog Takht-e-Suleiman - 3487 m saum toj no hiav txwv.
Tag nrho Kashmir, feem ntau yog nyob rau sab Indian, yog thaj chaw muaj kev sib cav loj ntawm ob lub tebchaws. Pakistan ntseeg tias nws lub xeev-tswj ib feem ntawm Kashmir yog nyob hauv cov neeg Muslim, thiab yog li ntawd los ntawm Pakistanis. Thaj chaw nyob rau sab Indian ntawm txoj kab demarcation uas Pakistan tau thov yog Siachen Glacier ntawm Sino-Indo-Pakistani ciam teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Is Nrias teb xav kom tswj hwm tag nrho Kashmir, suav nrog ib feem tswj hwm los ntawm Pakistan, thiab txawm tias hla qee thaj chaw tau yeem muab los ntawm Pakistan rau PRC. Is Nrias teb tseem tab tom sim tshem tawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm nws thaj tsam Kashmir. Lwm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog Sir Creek hauv Indus Delta, uas yog kev sib cais ntawm txoj kev ncaj ncees, txawm hais tias lub bay no tsis muaj chaw nres nkoj, thiab tag nrho cheeb tsam yog swampy thiab yuav luag tsis muaj neeg nyob. Yog li, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yuav luag tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Kashmir siv cov ntaub ntawv ntse heev. Ob zaug, xyoo 1947 thiab 1965, muaj kev tsov rog dhau Kashmir ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan. Kev ua tsov rog thib peb hauv xyoo 1971 tau tsom mus rau kev cais tawm ntawm East Pakistan, ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm ib lub xeev tshiab uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Indian hnub no hu ua Bangladesh.
Is Nrias teb tau muaj riam phom nuclear txij li xyoo 1974. Raws li ib tug xav tau, kev ua tsov rog puv ntoob ntawm ob lub tebchaws tau tso tseg txij lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, Pakistan kuj tau pib nws txoj haujlwm nuclear. Ua haujlwm ntawm Pakistani riam phom nuclear pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1972. Txoj haujlwm tau coj los ntawm tus kws kho mob nuclear Munir Ahmad Khan (1926-1999) rau ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov plutonium enriched tau tsim. Txij li thaum xyoo 1983, ntau qhov kev kuaj mob khaub thuas, qhov twg atoms tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov nqi qis dua qhov tseem ceeb, uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev pib thiab ua rau muaj kev tawg tiag tiag.
Munir Ahmad Khan tau tawm tswv yim tawm tsam tus kheej kheej ntawm hom implosion, nyob rau hauv uas txhua lub ntsiab ntawm lub plhaub kheej kheej yog cua tshuab sab hauv nrog cov khoom tawg yooj yim, ua ke ua ke ntawm qhov chaw, tsim kom muaj huab hwm coj saum toj kawg nkaus nrog qhov ntom ntom, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Ntawm nws qhov kev thov, thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov plutonium enriched los ntawm txoj kev electromagnetic raug tsim. Ib tug ntawm nws cov koom tes tseem ceeb, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, tau tawm tswv yim yooj yim dua "pistol" hom nqi, uas ob qhov nqi raug rho tawm ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev yooj yim dua, tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov khoom siv fissile. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan kuj tau tawm tswv yim txog kev siv cov uranium enriched es tsis txhob plutonium. Tom qab tag nrho, Pakistan tau tsim cov cuab yeej los tsim ob qho tib si ntxiv plutonium thiab cov uranium zoo heev.
Qhov kev sim zaum kawg ntawm Pakistan lub peev xwm nuclear yog qhov ntsuas tag nrho ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 28, 1998. Hnub no, tsib qhov kev sim ib txhij tau ua nyob rau hauv lub roob Ras Koh ze ntawm Afghan ciam teb nrog kev tawg tawm ntawm kwv yees li 38 kt, tag nrho cov nqi yog implosive uranium. Ob hnub tom qab, ib qho kev sim tau ua tiav nrog qhov tawg ntawm txog 20 kt. Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw tawg yog Haran Desert (me ntsis tshaj 100 km sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm qhov chaw dhau los), uas yog coj txawv txawv, vim qhov no yog thaj chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws ... Txhua qhov tawg tau nyob hauv av, thiab hluav taws xob. tsis tawg tawm. Qhov tseeb nthuav txog qhov kev sim thib ob no (qhov thib rau Pakistani nuclear tawg) yog tias txawm hais tias lub sijhawm no nws yog hom implosion, plutonium tau siv los hloov cov uranium. Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob hom khoom siv tau zoo sib xws.
Hauv xyoo 2010, cov neeg Asmeskas tau kwv yees kwv yees Pakistan qhov cia ntawm 70-90 warheads rau ballistic missiles thiab aerial foob pob nrog ib tug yield ntawm 20-40 kt. Pakistan tsis yog sim tsim super-powerful thermonuclear warheads. Nyob rau hauv 2018, Pakistan lub nuclear arsenal tau kwv yees ntawm 120-130 nuclear warheads rau missiles thiab aerial foob pob.
Nuclear Lus Qhuab Qhia ntawm Pakistan
Txij li xyoo 2000, ib pawg neeg hu ua National Command tau tsim lub tswv yim, kev npaj txhij thiab siv cov riam phom nuclear. Nws yog lub koom haum pej xeem-tub rog coj los ntawm Prime Minister Imran Khan. Pawg nom tswv muaj xws li Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Interior, Minister of Finance, Minister of Defense thiab Minister of Defense Industry. Los ntawm ib sab ntawm kev ua tub rog, tus thawj coj ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, General Nadim Raza, thiab cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua ceg ntawm cov tub rog: Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tebchaws, Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab Tub Rog Tub Rog. Tus txiv neej ua tub rog thib tsib yog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog kev txawj ntse, tus thib rau yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum npaj tswv yim ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Qhov kawg ob dais nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm lieutenant general, lub tshuav plaub sib ntaus sib tua - qeb ntawm general (plaub hnub qub). Lub rooj zaum ntawm PNCA (Pakistan National Command) yog lub peev ntawm lub xeev Islamabad. Pawg neeg kuj tau txiav txim siab loj txog kev siv riam phom nuclear nws tus kheej.
Raws li cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm nuclear tam sim no, Pakistan siv nuclear deterrence ntawm plaub theem:
- pej xeem lossis los ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj xov xwm ceeb toom txog kev siv riam phom nuclear;
- tsev ceeb toom nuclear;
- tactical nuclear ntaus tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog ntawm nws thaj chaw;
- tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog kev teeb tsa (tsuas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tub rog) ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaj chaw.
Hais txog qhov kev txiav txim siab siv riam phom nuclear, nws tau raug lees paub tias muaj plaub qhov chaw dhau los uas Pakistan yuav siv nws tus kheej riam phom nuclear. Cov ntsiab lus tsis paub, tab sis los ntawm cov lus hais, cov lus thiab, tej zaum, lub npe hu ua. Cov nram qab no tswj cov leaks paub:
- qhov chaw pib - thaum cov tub rog yeeb ncuab hla ib qho ciam teb hauv Pakistan. Qhov no ntseeg tau tias yog ciam teb ntawm tus dej Indus, thiab tau kawg, qhov no yog cov tub rog Khab - yog tias lawv thawb Pakistani cov tub rog mus rau hauv cov roob nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, ces Pakistan yuav nuke Indian rog;
- qhov pib ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog - tsis hais txog thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, yog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Pakistan yuav poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov tub rog muaj peev xwm, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntxiv yog tias tus yeeb ncuab tsis tso tseg kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev siv nuclear. riam phom raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm compensating quab yuam;
- Kev lag luam kev lag luam - yog tias tus yeeb ncuab ua rau muaj kev tuag tag nrho ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev thaiv naval thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb, kev thauj mus los lossis lwm yam kev lag luam cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam, kev tawm tsam nuclear yuav yuam kom tus yeeb ncuab nres. tej kev ua ub no;
- kev nom kev tswv qhov pib - yog tias tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev ua dhau los tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm Pakistan, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev tua nws cov thawj coj, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov tig mus rau hauv kev tsov rog.
Dr. Farrukh Salim, tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv thiab tus kws tshaj lij kev ruaj ntseg thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm Islamabad, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ntsuas kev hem thawj thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Pakistan cov lus qhuab qhia tiv thaiv. Nws txoj hauj lwm raug mob hnyav heev los ntawm lub xeev thiab cov thawj coj tub rog. Nws yog los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm uas qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev hem thawj rau Pakistan los ntawm: kev hem thawj tub rog, piv txwv li. muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug pa invasion ntawm Pakistan, nuclear hem, piv txwv li. Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm Is Nrias teb siv riam phom nuclear tawm tsam Pakistan (nws tsis xav tias lwm lub xeev yuav hem Pakistan nrog riam phom nuclear), kev hem neeg ua phem - nws hloov tawm tias qhov teeb meem hauv Pakistan tau tawm tsam ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm Islam, Shiites thiab Sunnis, thiab nws yuav tsum Nco ntsoov tias nyob sib ze Iran yog lub xeev Shiite, thiab Pakistan feem ntau yog Sunni.
Sectarian kev ua phem ua phem tau nce siab hauv 2009, tab sis nrog kev pab los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, qhov kev hem thawj raug txo kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug. Qhov ntawd tsis txhais hais tias kev ua phem tsis nyob hauv lub tebchaws no. Ob qhov kev hem thawj tom ntej tau txheeb xyuas yog kev tawm tsam cyber thiab kev hem nyiaj txiag. Tag nrho tsib tau raug txheeb xyuas tias muaj kev phom sij uas yuav tsum tau ua tiag tiag thiab tsim nyog tiv thaiv.
