Ib txwm tsav txhua lub log, piv txwv li ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm 4 × 4 tsav tshuab
Tshaj li 20 xyoo dhau los, 4 × 4 tsav tau ua haujlwm zoo. Nws tsiv los ntawm SUVs mus rau cov neeg nrog caij tsheb. Nyeem peb phau ntawv qhia rau ob lub qag tsav tsheb.
Plaub-log tsav, abbreviated li 4 × 4, feem ntau yog txuam nrog off-road tsheb. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog los txhim kho traction, thiab lwm yam. off-road ua siab loj, i.e. muaj peev xwm kov yeej obstacles. Ib tug 4x4 tsav plays lub luag hauj lwm zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv ib tug pa tsheb los yog SUV. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tsis tau tham txog kev muaj peev xwm hla teb chaws zoo dua, tab sis hais txog kev txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm skidding, i.e. kuj hais txog kev txhim kho txoj kev tuav.
Saib ntxiv: Hom 4 × 4 discs - duab
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus "tsav 4 × 4" muaj ntau hom kev daws teeb meem thiab cov tshuab.
- Lub 4 × 4 tsav ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv lub tsheb off-road classic, tsheb off-road, thiab lub tsheb neeg nrog caij zoo tib yam, piav qhia Tomasz Budny, tus hlub ntawm tsheb off-road thiab off-road style.
Qhov nrov nrov ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov neeg nrog caij tsheb feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm ob hom: Subaru thiab Audi. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, lub npe quattro, kev daws teeb meem los ntawm German chaw tsim khoom, tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo.
- Lub quattro tsav tam sim no yog Audi hom. Nyob ntawm tus qauv, cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv yog siv. Tam sim no, txhua plaub Audi yog muag hauv quattro version, hais tias Dr. Grzegorz Laskowski, tus thawj coj ntawm kev cob qhia ntawm Kulczyk Tradex, uas yog Polish sawv cev ntawm Audi.
Pluggable tsav
A XNUMX-axle tsav system yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov tsheb khiav tawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb no tau nruab nrog kev pabcuam tsav. Tsuas yog ib lub qag (feem ntau yog lub nraub qaum) tau tsav txhua lub sijhawm, thiab tus tsav tsheb txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tig lub tsav mus rau lub qag pem hauv ntej thaum tsim nyog.
Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, yuav luag tag nrho cov SUVs muaj ob lub zog tswj nyob rau hauv lub alarm - ib tug nrog ib tug gearbox, lwm yam nrog ib tug nruab nrab txawv, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uas yog mus txuas lub tsav mus rau lwm lub qag. Hauv cov SUVs niaj hnub no, lub zog no tau raug coj los ntawm cov keyboards me me, pob qhov rooj lossis cov nyees khawm uas qhib lub 4 × 4 tsav hluav taws xob.
Saib ntxiv: Turbo hauv lub tsheb - ntau lub zog, tab sis muaj teeb meem ntau dua. Qhia
Txhawm rau txhim kho traction, txhua tus kheej-saib SUV kuj muaj lub gearbox, i.e. ib tug mechanism uas tsub kom lub torque kis mus rau lub log ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ceev.
Thaum kawg, rau feem ntau thov SUVs, cov tsheb nruab nrog nruab nrab qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej axles yog npaj. Xws li ib qho system tuaj yeem pom, piv txwv li, hauv Jeep Wrangler.
- Cov qauv no muaj peev xwm siv peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg sib txawv - pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab nram qab. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no muab cov lus teb sai dua rau kev hloov kev tsav tsheb thiab kev sib kis ntau dua, "piav qhia Krzysztof Klos, Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Khoom ntawm Jeep Poland.
Plug-in pem hauv ntej-log tsav yog siv, tshwj xeeb, hauv Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.
Tsis siv neeg tsav
Txawm hais tias muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev kov yeej cov teeb meem, lub plug-in drive muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw nyuaj, uas yog, off-road. Qhov thib ob, nws hnyav thiab tsis haum rau cov tsheb me. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum nrhiav lwm yam.
Cov kev daws teeb meem yog ntau lub phaj clutches: viscous, electromechanical lossis electromagnetic. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv, thiab lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis siv neeg dosing ntawm tus tsav mus rau lub qag uas tam sim no xav tau. Feem ntau tsuas yog ib lub qag yog tsav, tab sis thaum cov hluav taws xob sensors pom kev poob ntawm lub qag tsav, qee qhov ntawm lub zog hloov mus rau lwm lub qag.
Kev sib txuas khov
Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, qhov no yog qhov nrov heev 4x4 system hauv cov neeg caij tsheb thiab qee qhov SUVs. Qhov zoo yog cov qauv yooj yim thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg.
Saib ntxiv: Nres system - thaum hloov cov ntaub qhwv, discs thiab kua dej - qhia
Lub kaw lus muaj ntau lub disc viscous clutch uas muaj roj tuab. Nws txoj haujlwm yog kom xa cov torque mus rau lub qag thib ob. Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub log pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm overheating ntawm lub tshuab.
Electromechanical clutch
Electronics ua si thawj violin ntawm no. Ib tug tshwj xeeb xws li yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub tsav system, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uas yog tswj lub clutch raws li cov ntaub ntawv sensor uas saib xyuas lub zog ntawm lub tsheb.
Cov kab ke no tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau dua qhov hnyav dua li qhov sib txuas viscous. Fiat thiab Suzuki (Fiat Sedici thiab Suzuki SX4 qauv) tau pom zoo rau cov kev daws teeb meem no.
Electromagnetic clutch
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, multi-disk mechanism ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai electromagnetic. Nws tuaj yeem hloov torque rau axles 50 feem pua rau 50 feem pua. Lub kaw lus qhib thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm lub log pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no hauv daim ntawv nyuaj yog BMW xDrive system. Tus tsav yog pab los ntawm ESP system thiab lub braking system uas tuaj yeem xauv qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub qag.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ob qho ntawm cov clutches - electromechanical thiab electromagnetic - yog ib tug complex tsim, uas ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm ntau lawm thiab, yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb. Lawv yog cov ruaj heev, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tawg, kho cov nqi yog tseem ceeb.
Saib ntxiv: xenon lossis halogen? Qhov twg lub taub hau xaiv rau lub tsheb - ib qho kev qhia
Ntxiv rau BMW, Fiat thiab Suzuki, lub 4 × 4 tsav cia li faib torque ntawm axles, suav nrog. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.
Haldex, Thorsen thiab 4Matic
Haldex thiab Torsen systems yog kev txhim kho ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsav tsheb ntawm cov axles.
haldex
Tus tsim tau tsim los ntawm Swedish lub tuam txhab Haldex. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau lub phaj clutch, lub tshuab hydraulic dav siv los hloov lub zog ntawm cov axles. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem no yog qhov ua tau ntawm nws txoj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lub cav nyob hauv transversely. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov hnyav me me, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kho.
Haldex yog Volvo thiab Volkswagen nyiam txhua lub log tsav.
torsos
Hom 4 × 4 tsav no yog raws li lub gearbox nrog peb khub ntawm cab iav, uas cia li faib torque ntawm lub qag. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tsav tsheb, tus tsav yog pauv mus rau axles nyob rau hauv ib tug 50/50 feem pua. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug skid, lub mechanism yuav hloov mus txog 90% ntawm lub torque mus rau lub qag qhov twg cov skid tsis tshwm sim.
Thorsen yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis nws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lub ntsiab yog ib tug complex qauv thiab tus nqi siab ntawm ntau lawm. Tias yog vim li cas Torsen tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsheb loj dua, suav nrog. Hauv Alfa Romeo, Audi lossis Subaru.
Saib ntxiv: Clutch - yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob hnav ntxov ntxov? Qhia
Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus Torsen yuav tsum tau qhia meej. Contrary to popular kev ntseeg, nws tsis yog los ntawm lub xeem, tab sis yog ib tug luv luv ntawm thawj feem ntawm ob lo lus Askiv: Torque thiab Sensing.
Kuj tsim nyog hais txog yog 4Matic system siv los ntawm Mercedes, uas siv peb qhov sib txawv. Kev tsav tsheb mus tas li ntawm ob lub qag yog muab faib ua feem ntawm 40 feem pua. pem hauv ntej, 60 feem pua rear.
Interestingly, qhov teeb meem nrog lub xauv qhov sib txawv tau daws. Nyob rau hauv no system, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm locks yog muab rau lub brakes. Yog hais tias ib qho ntawm lub log pib plam, nws yog ib ntus braked thiab ntau lub zog hloov mus rau lub log nrog tuav zoo dua. Txhua yam yog tswj hluav taws xob.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm 4Matic system yog nws qhov hnyav, txij li cov neeg tsim qauv tswj kom tshem tawm ntau yam khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab. Mercedes siv, ntawm lwm yam, 4Matic system. hauv chav kawm C, E, S, R thiab SUVs (chav kawm M, GLK, GL).
Wojciech Frölichowski
