Diesel roj

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj diesel

Thaum lub sij hawm kev faib tawm, cov roj diesel yog qhov txawv raws li cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• tus naj npawb cetane, uas yog suav tias yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm ignition;
• evaporation siv;
• ceev;
• viscosity;
• thickening kub;
• cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv impurities, feem ntau yog sulfur.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cetane ntawm niaj hnub hom thiab hom roj diesel ranges ntawm 40...60. Cov roj qib uas muaj tus lej cetane siab tshaj plaws yog npaj rau cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov cav tsheb. Cov roj no yog qhov feem ntau volatile thiab txiav txim siab nce smoothness ntawm ignition thiab siab combustion stability. Lub cav qeeb qeeb (nruab nrab ntawm cov nkoj) siv roj nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cetane tsawg dua 40. Cov roj no yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog tsawg, tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau tshaj plaws, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab tshaj plaws.

Sulfur yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv txhua hom roj diesel, yog li nws cov feem pua ​​​​yog tshwj xeeb nruj tswj. Yog li, raws li cov cai ntawm European Union, tus nqi ntawm leej faj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov diesel roj producers tsis tshaj li ntawm 10 feem ntawm ib lab. Lower sulfur cov ntsiab lus txo emissions ntawm sulfur compounds nrog acid los nag. Txij li thaum txo qis hauv feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov leej faj hauv cov roj diesel kuj tseem ua rau txo qis ntawm tus lej cetane, cov npe niaj hnub siv ntau hom tshuaj ntxiv uas txhim kho lub cav pib.

Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov roj nyob ntawm seb nws cov freshness. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj diesel paug yog dej vapor, uas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob yuav condense nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub sij hawm ntev cia ntawm cov roj diesel provokes fungal kev loj hlob, uas ua rau qias neeg lim roj thiab injectors.

Nws ntseeg tau tias niaj hnub hom roj diesel muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov roj av (lawv nyuaj rau ignite), thiab tseem tshaj nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm cov roj.

Qhov chaw tsim khoom

Kev faib tawm feem ntau ntawm cov roj diesel tuaj yeem ua raws li hom khoom noj rau nws cov khoom. Kev lig kev cai, cov khoom noj khoom haus rau kev tsim cov roj diesel tau hnyav qib roj, tom qab cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov roj av lossis aviation foob pob hluav taws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm lawv. Qhov thib ob yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov thee thiab roj distillate. Hom roj av no suav hais tias yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.

Ib qho kev paub tseeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb: lub npe hu ua biodiesel. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau khiav ntawm cov roj txiv laum huab xeeb, thiab tom qab kev sim kev lag luam, Henry Ford tuaj txog qhov xaus tias kev siv cov roj zaub ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntau lawm. Niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov cav diesel tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm uas suav nrog 25 ... 30% biodiesel, thiab qhov kev txwv no tseem nce ntxiv. Txhawm rau kom ntxiv biodiesel noj, reprogramming ntawm hluav taws xob txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau. Yog vim li cas rau qhov reprogramming no yog tias biodiesel txawv ntawm qee yam ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cav diesel thiab lub tshuab biodiesel.

Yog li, raws li qhov chaw tsim khoom, roj diesel tuaj yeem ua tau:

• Los ntawm cov khoom cog.
• Ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
• Los ntawm cov khoom siv hydrocarbon.

Standardization ntawm diesel roj

Ntau yam ntawm cov peev txheej thiab thev naus laus zis los tsim cov roj diesel yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov qauv hauv tsev uas tswj hwm nws cov khoom siv thiab kev siv. Cia peb saib lawv.

GOST 305-2013 txhais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj diesel tau txais los ntawm cov roj thiab cov khoom siv roj. Cov ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm tus qauv no suav nrog:

1. Tus naj npawb ntawm Cetane - 45.
2. Kinematic viscosity, mm²/c – 1,5…6,0.
3. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 833,5… 863,4.
4. flash point, ^ºC – 30…62 (nyob ntawm seb hom cav).
5. ncuav point, ^ºC, tsis siab tshaj -5.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj diesel raws li GOST 305-2013 yog qhov kub ntawm kev siv, raws li cov roj tau muab faib ua lub caij ntuj sov L (kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 5.^ºC thiab siab dua), interseasonal E (kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab nraud kub tsis qis dua -15^ºC), lub caij ntuj no Z (kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab nraud kub tsis qis dua -25…-35^ºC) thiab Arctic A (kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab nraud kub ntawm -45^ºC thiab hauv qab no).

GOST 1667-68 tsim cov kev cai rau lub cev muaj zog roj rau nruab nrab- thiab qis-ceev marine diesel installation. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau cov roj no yog cov roj uas muaj feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov leej faj. Roj tau muab faib ua ob hom: DT thiab DM (tom kawg yog siv nyob rau hauv qis-ceev diesel xyaw).

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj diesel:

1. Viscosity, cSt – 20…36.
2. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 930.
3. flash point, ^ºIb- 65… 70.
4. ncuav point, ^ºC, tsis qis dua -5.
5. Cov ntsiab lus dej, %, tsis ntau tshaj 0,5.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm DM roj:

1. Viscosity, cSt-130.
2. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 970.
3. flash point, ^ºC - 85.
4. ncuav point, ^ºC, tsis qis dua -10.
5. Cov ntsiab lus dej, %, tsis ntau tshaj 0,5.

Rau ob hom, muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tswj, nrog rau feem pua ​​ntawm cov impurities tseem ceeb (sulfur thiab nws cov tebchaw, acids thiab alkalis).

GOST 32511-2013 txhais cov kev cai rau kev hloov pauv roj av uas ua tau raws li European tus qauv EN 590: 2009 + A1: 2010. Lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho yog GOST R 52368-2005. Tus txheej txheem txhais cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov roj ib puag ncig zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus txwv ntawm sulfur-muaj cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm rau cov roj diesel no tau teeb tsa raws li hauv qab no:

1. Tus naj npawb ntawm Cetane - 51.
2. Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj, hli²/c – 2….4,5.
3. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 820… 845.
4. flash point, ^ºC - 55.
5. ncuav point, ^ºC, tsis qis dua -5 (nyob ntawm seb hom roj).
6. Cov ntsiab lus dej, %, tsis ntau tshaj 0,7.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qauv ntawm lubricity, qhov ntsuas corrosion, thiab qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov muaj methyl esters ntawm cov organic acids tau txiav txim siab.

GOST R 53605-2009 tsim cov txheej txheem kev cai rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv rau kev tsim cov roj biodiesel. Nws txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm biodiesel, teev cov kev cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel, thiab teeb tsa kev txwv ntawm kev siv fatty acid methyl esters uas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj. GOST tau yoog raws li European tus qauv EN590: 2004.

Cov kev cai yooj yim rau roj raws li GOST 32511-2013:

1. Cetane naj npawb – 55…80.
2. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 860… 900.
3. Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj, hli²/c – 2….6.
4. flash point, ^ºC - 80.
5. ncuav point, ^ºNrog -5…-10.
6. Cov ntsiab lus dej, %, tsis ntau tshaj 8.

GOST R 55475-2013 qhia txog cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim cov roj av rau lub caij ntuj no thiab cov roj av Arctic, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv roj thiab cov roj distillation. Diesel roj qib, kev tso tawm uas yog muab los ntawm tus qauv no, yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hauv qab no:

1. Cetane naj npawb – 47…48.
2. Qhov ceev, kg / m³ - 890… 850.
3. Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj, hli²/c – 1,5….4,5.
4. flash point, ^ºIb- 30… 40.
5. ncuav point, ^ºC, tsis siab tshaj -42.
6. Cov ntsiab lus dej, %, tsis ntau tshaj 0,2.

Xyuas cov roj diesel ntawm WOG/OKKO/Ukr.Avto cov chaw nres tsheb roj. Diesel hauv huab cua txias -20.

Cov yam ntxwv luv luv ntawm cov hom roj diesel

Diesel roj qib yog qhov txawv raws li cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

Raws li cov ntsiab lus sulfur, uas txiav txim siab txog kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig ntawm cov roj:

• chav kawm I (txog 350 mg / kg sulfur);
• chav kawm II (txog 50 mg / kg sulfur);
• chav kawm III (txog 10 mg / kg ntawm sulfur).

Ntawm qhov txwv qis ntawm filterability. 6 hom roj raug ntsia:

• A - qis qis ntawm filterability 5ºС;
• B - qis qis ntawm filterability 0^ºC;
• C - qis qis ntawm filterability -5^ºC;
• D - txo qis ntawm filterability -10^ºC;
• E - qis qis ntawm filterability -15^ºC;
• F - qis qis ntawm filterability -20^ºC.

Ntxiv rau qhov chaw huab cua txias:

• chav 0 (-20^ºLOS NTAWM);
• chav 1 (-26^ºLOS NTAWM);
• chav 2 (-32^ºLOS NTAWM);
• chav 3 (-38^ºLOS NTAWM);
• chav 4 (-44^ºC).

Rau cov chav tsev diesel siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua txias, tsab ntawv K yog ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau npe, uas txhais tau hais tias cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob - catalytic dewaxing. Cov npe hauv qab no tau teeb tsa:

• DT-Z-K3 (K4, K5) siv rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis qis dua -32^ºC;
• DT-Z-K3 (K4, K5) siv rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis qis dua -38^ºC;
• DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) siv rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis qis dua -44^ºC;
• DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) siv rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis qis dua -48^ºC;
• DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) siv rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis qis dua -52^ºC.

Ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov ntsuas tau muab rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj zoo rau ib pawg ntawm cov roj diesel.