Hungarian ZSU 40M "Nimrod" (Hungarian 40M Nimród) Tseem tsis tau cia siab tias yuav tuaj txog ntawm Landsverk L-60B tank, kev tswj hwm ntawm MAVAG cog, uas tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los tsim lub tank, tau txiav txim rau lub Peb Hlis 1937 los ntawm Landsverk AV tus qauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank nws tus kheej-propelled unit (tank tus rhuav tshem). Lub hauv paus ntawm tib lub L60B yuav tsum tau siv. Lub armament ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom yuav tsum muaj 40-mm cannon. Cov Swedes tau ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim: thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1938, cov phom tus kheej tsis muaj riam phom tuaj txog hauv Hungary. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm General Staff tau paub txog nws. Ntawm MAVAG, nws tau nruab nrog 40-mm Bofors anti-aircraft phom, muaj ntawv tso cai ntau lawm uas tau ua raws li lub npe 36.M. Kev sim tub rog ntawm phom tus kheej tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli-September 1939. Pawg neeg xaiv tsa tau thov kom nce qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev armored kom haum rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thib tsib, teeb tsa lub telescopic pom rau kev tua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 10, 1940, IWT tau pom zoo rau ACS, hu ua 40.M. "Nimrod" yog lub npe hu ua raws li cov lus dab neeg ntawm ob lub Magyars thiab Huns - ib tug neeg yos hav zoov zoo. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, Nimrod tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais kev txiav txim rau 46 lub tsheb. Nimrod nyob rau hauv legends Nimrod (Nimrod, Nimrod) - nyob rau hauv lub Pentateuch, Aggadic kab lig kev cai thiab legends ntawm Middle East, ib tug hero, ib tug tub rog-tus neeg yos hav zoov thiab ib tug huab tais. Raws li cov keeb kwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Chiv Keeb, nws yog tus tub ntawm Cush thiab tus xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ham. hu ua "tus neeg yos hav zoov muaj zog ua ntej tus Tswv"; nws lub nceeg vaj muab tso rau hauv Mesopotamia. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus dab neeg, daim duab ntawm Nimrod tus tyrant thiab theomachist yog accentuated; Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim lub Ntauwd ntawm Babel, kev ua phem heev, kev pe mlom, kev tsim txom ntawm Abraham, kev sib tw nrog Vajtswv. Raws li Vajluskub, Nimrod thiab Anplaham raug cais los ntawm xya tiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog huab tais Nimrod muaj nyob rau hauv Kaulees. Nemrut, nyob rau hauv Armenian mythology, ib tug txawv teb chaws huab tais uas invaded Armenia. Muaj cov lus dab neeg hais tias txhawm rau tsa nws tus kheej, Nemrud txhim tsa lub tsev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov siab txawv tshaj plaw rau saum lub roob. Nimrod nyob rau hauv legends Anti-aircraft self-propelled phom "Nimrod" Nyem daim duab kom pom qhov loj dua Tab sis cov Swedes lawv tus kheej tau txiav txim siab los tsim ntau yam ntawm lawv tus kheej-propelled phom (hom npe L62, nrog rau "Landsverk Anti"; tub rog - LVKV 40). Lub cav thiab kis tau tus mob ntawm L62 yog tib yam li cov Toldi tank, lub armament yog 40-mm Bofors cannon nrog ib tug chim ntev ntawm 60 calibers. Sib ntaus sib tua hnyav - 8 tons, cav - 150 HP, ceev - 35 km / h. Rau L62s raug muag rau Finland hauv 1940, qhov chaw lawv tau txais lub npe ITPSV 40. Rau lawv cov kev xav tau, cov Swedes tsim 1945 ZSUs hauv 17 nrog ib khub ntawm 40-mm LVKV fm / 43 cannons. Thawj cov khoom Nimrod tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942, xya lub tsheb mus rau pem hauv ntej. Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav thaum kawg ntawm 1942. Ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tom ntej rau 89 lub tsheb, 1943 tau tsim nyob rau hauv 77, thiab qhov seem 12 nyob rau tom ntej. Rau "Nimrod" lub hauv paus ntawm lub tank "Toldi" tau siv, tab sis txuas ntxiv los ntawm ib (sixth) cov menyuam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub rear coj log tau tsa los ntawm hauv av. Ncua tseg rollers tus kheej, torsion bar. Lub hull, welded los ntawm armor daim hlau 6-13 hli tuab, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cav (sab nraum qab) compartments. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm armor yog 2615 kg. Nyob rau hauv cov cav tov ntawm thawj series German cav raug ntsia, thiab ntawm qhov thib ob - twb muaj ntawv tso cai Hungarian-ua cav. Cov no yog yim-lub tog raj kheej ua kua-txias carburetor xyaw. Kev sib kis yog tib yam li ntawm "Toldi", i.e. tsib-ceev planetary gearbox, qhuav txhuam ntau-phaj lub ntsiab clutch, sab clutches. Mechanical brakes - phau ntawv thiab ko taw. Roj tau khaws cia rau hauv peb lub tank. Lub layout ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom "Nimrod" Txhawm rau kom loj - nyem rau ntawm daim duab 1 - 40-mm tsis siv neeg phom 36M; 2 - rab phom tshuab; 3 - clip 40-mm txhaj tshuaj; 4 - xov tooj cua; 5 - pej thuam; 6 - radiator; 7 - cav; 8 - tso pa tawm; 9 - mufflers; 10 - cardan ncej; 11 - lub rooj tsav tsheb; 12 - gearbox; 13 - taub hau; 14 - kauj log Tus neeg tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull nyob rau sab laug thiab muaj slots nyob rau hauv lub tsib-sided cap nrog prisms ntsia rau pem hauv ntej thiab rau sab. Tsib tus neeg ua haujlwm tseem tshuav - tus thawj coj, tus tsim teeb pom kev zoo, ob tus neeg tua phom thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom, tau nyob hauv lub log nrog peb qhov chaw saib nrog iav thaiv. Lub 40-mm anti-aircraft phom "Bofors", tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv lub npe hom 36.M los ntawm lub MAVAG cog nyob rau hauv Gyosgyor, muaj ib tug nce kaum ntawm 85 °, declination - 4 °, kab rov tav - 360 °. Cov mos txwv, tag nrho muab tso rau hauv lub wheelhouse, suav nrog armor-piercing high-explosive fragmentation, nrog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, plhaub. Clips - 4 rounds txhua. Tsuas yog lub tsheb ntawm cov thawj coj roj teeb muaj lub xov tooj cua, txawm hais tias txhua lub tsheb muaj qhov chaw rau nws. Thaum tua, ob lub ZSUs nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 60 m, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog lub chaw tswj hwm nrog lub rangefinder (nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 1,25 m) thiab cov cuab yeej siv computer. Tus qauv ntawm Lehel armored neeg ua haujlwm nqa Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "Nimrod" nyob rau hauv 1943, ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug armored neeg ua hauj lwm nqa khoom nyob rau hauv lub "Lehel" hom yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv rau thauj 10 infantrymen (ntxiv rau tus neeg tsav tsheb). Hauv tib lub xyoo, ob lub tshuab sapper tau tsim los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj armored. Nws kuj tau npaj los hloov 10 "Nimrods" rau hauv kev thauj mus los rau kev thauj cov neeg raug mob. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hungarian armored tsheb Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm qee lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tus kheej hauv Hungary Toldi-1   "Toldi" I Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1940 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 8,5 Crew, cov neeg 3 Lub cev ntev, mm 4750 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm   Dav dav, hli 2140 Qhov siab hli mm 1870 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 13 Lub rooj tsavxwm 13 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull 6 Caj pas   Rifle brand 36.M ua Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 20/82 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj   Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab 1-8,0 Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Engine zog, h.p. 155 Max ceev km / h 50 Peev xwm, l 253 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 220 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,62 Toldi-2   “Toldi” II Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1941 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 9,3 Crew, cov neeg 3 Lub cev ntev, mm 4750 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm   Dav dav, hli 2140 Qhov siab hli mm 1870 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 23-33 Lub rooj tsavxwm 13 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull 6-10 Caj pas   Rifle brand 42.M ua Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 40/45 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj 54 Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab 1-8,0 Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Engine zog, h.p. 155 Max ceev km / h 47 Peev xwm, l 253 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 220 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,68 Turan-1   "Turan" I Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1942 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 18,2 Crew, cov neeg 5 Lub cev ntev, mm 5500 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm   Dav dav, hli 2440 Qhov siab hli mm 2390 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 50 (60) Lub rooj tsavxwm 25 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 50 (60) Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull 8-25 Caj pas   Rifle brand 41.M ua Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 40/51 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj 101 Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab 2-8,0 Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom Z-TURAN IB. Z-TURAN Engine zog, h.p. 260 Max ceev km / h 47 Peev xwm, l 265 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 165 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,61 Turan-2   "Tur" II Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1943 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 19,2 Crew, cov neeg 5 Lub cev ntev, mm 5500 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm   Dav dav, hli 2440 Qhov siab hli mm 2430 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 50 Lub rooj tsavxwm 25 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse)   Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull 8-25 Caj pas   Rifle brand 41.M ua Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 75/25 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj 56 Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab 2-8,0 Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges 1800 Cav, hom, hom Z-TURAN IB. Z-TURAN Engine zog, h.p. 260 Max ceev km / h 43 Peev xwm, l 265 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 150 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1943 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 21,5 Crew, cov neeg 4 Lub cev ntev, mm 5500 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm 5900 Dav dav, hli 2890 Qhov siab hli mm 1900 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 75 Lub rooj tsavxwm 25 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 13 Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull   Caj pas   Rifle brand 40 / 43 IB Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 105/20,5 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj 52 Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab - Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom carb. Z-TURAN Engine zog, h.p. 260 Max ceev km / h 40 Peev xwm, l 445 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 220 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,75 Nimrod   "Nimrod" Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom 1940 Sib ntaus hnyav, t 10,5 Crew, cov neeg 6 Lub cev ntev, mm 5320 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm   Dav dav, hli 2300 Qhov siab hli mm 2300 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 13 Lub rooj tsavxwm 10 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 13 Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull 6-7 Caj pas   Rifle brand 36. M ib Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 40/60 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj 148 Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab - Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom carb. L8V / 36 Engine zog, h.p. 155 Max ceev km / h 60 Peev xwm, l 253 Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 250 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2   Pob zeb   "Pob zeb" Xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom   Sib ntaus hnyav, t 38 Crew, cov neeg 5 Lub cev ntev, mm 6900 Ntev nrog rab phom pem hauv ntej, mm 9200 Dav dav, hli 3500 Qhov siab hli mm 3000 Reservation, hli   Lub cev hauv pliaj 100-120 Lub rooj tsavxwm 50 Ntauwd hauv pliaj (wheelhouse) 30 Lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull   Caj pas   Rifle brand 43.M ua Caliber hauv mm / chim ntev hauv calibers 75/70 Cov mos txwv, txhaj tshuaj   Tus naj npawb thiab caliber (hauv mm) ntawm cov phom tshuab 2-8 Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - Cov mos txwv rau tshuab phom, cartridges   Cav, hom, hom carb. Z-TURAN Engine zog, h.p. 2 × 260 Max ceev km / h 45 Peev xwm, l   Nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, km 200 Qhov nruab nrab hauv av siab, kg / cm2 0,78 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hungarian armored tsheb Sib ntaus sib tua siv ZSU "Nimrod" "Nimrod" pib nkag mus rau cov tub rog txij Lub Ob Hlis 1942. Txij li cov phom self-propelled no tau suav hais tias yog kev tiv thaiv tank, lawv tsim lub hauv paus ntawm 51st tank destroyer battalion ntawm 1st Panzer Division, uas yog ib feem ntawm 2nd Hungarian Army, uas tau pib ua phem rau Soviet pem hauv ntej lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942. Ntawm 19 Nimrods (3 lub tuam txhab ntawm 6 tus kheej-propelled phom txhua ntxiv rau lub tsheb ntawm lub battalion commander), tom qab lub yeej ntawm Hungarian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1943, tsuas yog 3 lub tsheb rov qab mus rau lawv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm anti-tank riam phom, "Nimrods" raug kev txom nyem ib tug ua tiav "fiasco": Lawv yeej tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob T-34 thiab KB. Thaum kawg, "Nimrods" pom lawv qhov tseeb siv - raws li riam phom tiv thaiv huab cua thiab tau los ua ib feem ntawm 1st (rov qab los nyob rau hauv 1943) thiab 2nd TD thiab 1st KD (raws li niaj hnub terminology - armored cavalry) divisions. Lub 1st TD tau txais 7, thiab 2nd tau txais 1944 ZSU thaum lub Plaub Hlis 37, thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Tub Rog Liab hauv Galicia nthuav tawm. Ntawm cov 17 lub tsheb kawg no yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 52nd tank destroyer battalion, thiab 5 lub tuam txhab ntawm 4 lub tsheb txhua tus ua rau pawg tiv thaiv huab cua. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lub tuam txhab thib rau tau ntxiv. Lub tuam txhab muaj xws li: 40 tus neeg, 4 ZSU, 6 tsheb. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau tiav, 2nd TD raug tshem tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag, tuav 21 Nimrods. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1944, tag nrho 4 Nimrods ntawm 1st KD raug tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, kev sib ntaus sib tua twb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Hungary. Tag nrho peb pawg tom qab ntawd muaj 80 Nimrods (39 txhua hauv ob qho tib si TDs thiab 4 hauv CD). Hauv lawv qib, "Nimrods" tau tawm tsam yuav luag txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1944, ib pab pawg tub rog ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Horvat, uas muaj 4 Nimrods, ua haujlwm sab qab teb ntawm Budapest hauv thaj chaw Perbal-Vali. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7, 2nd TD muaj lwm 26 ZSU, thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 18-19, 1945, 10 Nimrods ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Maslau tau ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj tsam ntawm Lake Balaton thaum lub sij hawm counteroffensive ntawm IV German Panzer. Tub rog. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 22, hauv thaj tsam Bakonyoslor, pawg neeg sib ntaus sib tua Nemeth tau poob tag nrho nws cov phom nws tus kheej. Ob peb Nimrods paub tias tau tawm tsam hauv Budapest. "Nimrods" tau dhau los ua ib qho zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo ZSU ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Kev khiav hauj lwm sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb ncuab phom tiv thaiv tank, lawv tau muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau lub tank thiab lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tam sim no, ob daim ntawv theej ntawm ZSU no tau khaws cia: ib qho hauv lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv tub rog hauv Budapest, lwm qhov hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tsheb armored hauv Kubinka. Qhov chaw: M. B. Baryatinsky. Tanks ntawm Honvedsheg. (Armored Collection No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Armored tsheb ntawm Hungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "Lub Encyclopedia Tag Nrho ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tank 1915-2000"; Peter Mujzer: Royal Hungarian Army, 1920-1945.