Triple V, txoj kev winding mus rau submarines ntawm US Navy

Bonita ntawm Charlestown Navy Yard hauv Boston xyoo 1927. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm lub cev hnyav tau welded. Yees duab Boston Public Library, Leslie Jones Collection

Tsuas yog kaum xyoo tom qab tus chij tau tsa nyob rau hauv USS Holland (SS 1), thawj US Navy submarine, lub tswv yim bold tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv naval voj voog rau submarines uas yuav ua hauj lwm nyob ze nrog Navy. Piv nrog rau cov nkoj me me ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv tiv thaiv tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm, cov nkoj nkoj nkoj uas tau npaj tseg yuav tsum tau muaj ntau dua, muaj tub rog zoo dua, muaj ntau yam ntev thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj 21 pob caus ntawd thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau. maneuver dawb do hauv pab pawg nrog battleships thiab cruisers.

Tag nrho ntawm 6 lub nkoj tau tsim hauv Asmeskas siv lub tswv yim no. Kev sim ua kom tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab sai sai txog thawj peb T-hom units, uas tau tsim los ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum I. Ntawm qhov tod tes, peb lub nkoj tom ntej uas txaus siab rau peb, "V-1", "V-2" thiab "V-3", txawm tias muaj ntau yam tsis txaus, tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho Asmeskas hauv qab dej. riam phom.

Pib nyuaj

Thawj sketches ntawm lub nkoj submarines tau ua nyob rau lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1912. Lawv tau piav qhia txog cov nkoj uas muaj kev hloov chaw ntawm thaj tsam li 1000 tons, armed nrog 4 hneev torpedo hlab thiab muaj thaj tsam ntawm 5000 nautical mais. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ob qho tib si ntog thiab submerged yog 21 pob caus! Qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis Navy lub zeem muag ntawm kev ceev ceev, cov tub rog ua rog hnyav heev uas lawv tau suav nrog hauv kev ua si txhua xyoo ntawm Naval War College hauv Newport lub caij nplooj zeeg. (Rhode Island). Cov kev kawm tau kawm los ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog yog txhawb nqa. Nws tau hais meej tias cov phiaj xwm submarines, nrog kev pab ntawm minefields thiab torpedoes, yuav tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zog ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov kev hem thawj los ntawm hauv qab dej yuam cov thawj coj ua tib zoo ua kom zoo dua, suav nrog. nce qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nkoj, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau nws nyuaj rau mloog cov hluav taws ntawm ob peb units ntawm ib lub hom phiaj. Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias kev sau txawm tias ib lub torpedo raug ntaus los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kab txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov neeg coob, uas tuaj yeem tshaj qhov dej ntws. Interestingly, lub thesis kuj tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej tias submarines yuav muaj peev xwm mus nruab nrab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua naval.

Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov riam phom tshiab tau tshaj tawm tias cov submarines ceev ceev tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb, yav tas los tshwj tseg rau lub teeb pom kev zoo (kev tshawb nrhiav), uas US Navy zoo ib yam li tshuaj.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "daim ntawv maneuvers" ua rau General Board of the US Navy mus ua haujlwm ntxiv rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov nkoj nkoj nkoj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov duab ntawm lub nkoj zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub neej yav tom ntej crystallized nrog qhov chaw tawm ntawm thaj tsam li 1000 tons, armed nrog 4 launchers thiab 8 torpedoes, thiab kev caij nkoj ntawm 2000 nm ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 14 knots. yuav tsum muaj 20, 25 lossis 30 ntiv tes! Cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb no - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kawg, ua tiav tsuas yog 50 xyoo tom qab ntawd - tau ntsib nrog kev tsis ntseeg siab txij thaum pib los ntawm Navy Engineering Bureau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 16 centimeters lossis tsawg dua.

Nrog rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub nkoj nkoj lub tswv yim submarine dai rau hauv qhov sib npaug, kev pab tau los ntawm kev lag luam ntiag tug. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1913, Lawrence Y. Spear (1870–1950), tus thawj tsim ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Hluav Taws Xob shipyard hauv Groton, Connecticut, xa ob qho qauv ua ntej. Cov no yog cov chav loj, tshem tawm ob zaug ntau dua li yav dhau los US Navy submarines thiab ob zaug tus nqi. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov tsis ntseeg txog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim los ntawm Spear thiab tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tag nrho cov phiaj xwm, 20 knot ceev tau lees paub los ntawm Lub Nkoj Hluav Taws Xob ntawm qhov chaw "muag qhov project." Xyoo 1915, kev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv tau pom zoo los ntawm Congress, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ua kev qhuas rau tus phab ej ntawm Spanish-American War, Winfield Scott Schley (tom qab lub npe tau hloov mus rau AA-52, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau T-1). Hauv 1, kev tsim kho tau pib ntawm ob chav ntxaib, pib xaiv AA-1917 (SS 2) thiab AA-60 (SS 3), tom qab ntawd tau hloov kho T-61 thiab T-2.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais ob peb lo lus hais txog kev tsim ntawm peb lub nkoj, uas nyob rau xyoo tom qab tau hu ua T-shaped, vim tias cov nkoj tsis nco qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ambition es tsis muaj peev xwm. Ib tug spindle-shaped hull tsim 82 m ntev thiab 7 m dav nrog ib tug hloov ntawm 1106 tons ntawm nto thiab 1487 tons ntawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab. Nyob rau hauv lub hneev muaj 4 torpedo hlab ntawm 450 mm caliber, lwm 4 tau muab tso rau midships ntawm 2 rotating bases. Artillery armament suav nrog ob 2 mm L / 76 cannons ntawm turrets zais hauv qab lawj. Lub cev nruj tau muab faib ua 23 qhov chaw. Lub gym loj tau nqa tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm nws lub ntim. Kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm saum npoo yog yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm lub ntxaib-ntsia hlau qhov system, qhov twg txhua tus ncej tsav tau tig ncaj qha los ntawm ob lub 5-lub tog raj kheej diesel xyaw (hauv tandem) nrog lub zog ntawm 6 hp txhua. txhua. Kev cia siab rau underwater ceev thiab ntau yam tau qis dua. Ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog tag nrho lub zog ntawm 1000 hp. tau siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 1350 lub hlwb muab faib ua ob lub roj teeb. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim lub sijhawm luv luv hauv qab dej nrawm txog li 120 pob. Cov roj teeb tau them nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntxiv.