Nres pad test - lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo li cas?
Txheem
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg caij tsheb yog nyob ntawm kev pabcuam thiab kev cia siab ntawm ntau lub tsheb thiab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm lub nres system. Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj uas txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog qhov zoo ntawm cov pawm nres.
Txheem
- 1 Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov pawm nres
- 2 Xaiv cov ntaub qhwv raws li kev ua tau zoo
- 3 Yuav ua li cas kuaj tsav pads
- 4 Cov txiaj ntsig kuaj rau cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab
- 5 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj sim
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov pawm nres
Qhov zoo ntawm cov brakes yog txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tsim lawv. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav lawv (tsis hais lub tsheb twg - tsheb hauv tsev lossis txawv teb chaws), koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov kev xaiv dav dav hauv qab no.
Lub originality ntawm cov khoom yog thawj ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias lub khw muag khoom tsheb yog cov lus sau nrog ntau tus fakes. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom: kev ua lag luam muaj cov khoom seem qub uas tsim los rau cov kab sib dhos uas cov tsheb tau sib sau ua ke, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj cov khoom qub qub uas tsim tawm ncaj qha rau kev muag khoom hauv khw muag khoom. thiab khw muag khoom network.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los xav txog cov ntaub qhwv uas npaj rau lub conveyor, vim lawv kim heev thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam - cov khoom ntawm lawv cov khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom no, raws li txoj cai, tsis pub tshaj 10%. Thawj cov khoom muag tuaj yeem pom ntau dua, thiab lawv cov nqi yog 30-70% ntawm tus nqi thauj khoom. Tseem muaj cov ntaub qhwv uas muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv qhov zoo rau cov khoom qub, tab sis yog tsim los ntawm tib lub Hoobkas nrog rau lawv. Cov khoom no yog tsom mus rau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv, suav nrog cov los ntawm cov teb chaws tsim. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub qhwv no yog 20-30% ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom qub.
Xaiv cov ntaub qhwv raws li kev ua tau zoo
Lwm qhov dav dav ntawm kev xaiv pad yog qhov ua tau zoo. Rau kev siv lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm lub tsheb, lub sijhawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no yog ib tus neeg zoo heev, txij li cov neeg tsav tsheb tseem sib txawv thiab, raws li, lawv txoj kev tsav tsheb sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsav tsheb twg, qhov tseem ceeb yog nws ua li cas. Tias yog vim li cas pad manufacturers, raws li txoj cai, ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm lawv cov khoom tshiab lossis hauv cov lus piav qhia rau nws, muab cov lus pom zoo txog kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm yam ntawm nws cov qauv. Muaj cov pads uas pom zoo rau:
- cov neeg tsav tsheb uas nws lub ntsiab tsav tsheb yog sporty;
- nquag siv lub tsheb nyob rau hauv toj siab;
- kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab hauv nroog.
Ua ntej ua cov lus pom zoo, cov neeg tsim khoom ua qhov kev sim, raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab tau hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub qhwv.
Yuav kom nkag siab txog yam khoom twg yog muab rau kev muag, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws cov ntim. Hauv kev daws qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum cia siab rau koj tus kheej lub qhov muag lossis xaiv qhov khoom seem ua ke nrog tus kws tshaj lij (tus tswv) koom nrog kev saib xyuas lub tsheb uas koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub thaiv npog. Thaum xaiv lawv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub teb chaws thiab lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov paib lees paub cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov pob, cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nws (txawm cov kab, sau kom raug, meej thiab luam ntawv), xws li zoo li kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus nres nres nws tus kheej (tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, bulges).
Yuav ua li cas kuaj tsav pads
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sim sib piv, txhua qhov kev sib tw khiav-hauv nres yog raug rau 4 qhov kev xeem ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, lub braking ntawm lub tsheb nrawm rau 100 km / h yog simulated. Qhov kev sim no yog qhov yooj yim. Nws pab txiav txim siab qhov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov disc-pad khub rau txias nres (txog 50 ° C). Qhov siab dua qhov coefficient tau txais, qhov siab dua qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov thaiv, feem.
Tab sis cov brakes, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv hnyav, qee zaum tuaj yeem ua kom sov txog 300 ° C lossis ntau dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg tsav tsheb nquag, feem ntau thiab siv zog los ntawm kev kub ceev. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb cov ntaub qhwv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev ua haujlwm no, qhov kev sim "kub" yog ua tom qab qhov kev sim "txias". Lub disc thiab cov ntaub qhwv yog rhuab los ntawm kev sib tsoo txuas mus rau qhov kub ntawm 250 ° C (qhov ntsuas cua sov yog tswj tau siv lub thermocouple, uas yog cog ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom sib txhuam ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaub qhwv). Tom qab ntawd ua kom tswj braking los ntawm tib qhov ceev ntawm 100 km / h.
Qhov thib peb qhov kev xeem yog qhov nyuaj dua. Thaum lub sij hawm nws, rov ua dua-cyclic braking yog simulated nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev txav ntawm txoj kev roob. Qhov kev sim no suav nrog 50 decelerations ntawm 100 km / h mus rau 50 km / h nrog 45 thib ob so kom tig mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas flywheel. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm 50th (kawg) braking yog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws - txawm tias qee qhov txias ntawm cov ntaub qhwv thaum lub sij hawm tig-up ntawm flywheel, los ntawm 50th braking voj voog, cov khoom kub ntawm ntau ntawm lawv yog 300 ° C.
Qhov kev sim zaum kawg kuj tseem hu ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rov qab - nws tau kuaj xyuas seb "sov li cas" brakes tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov kev ua tau zoo tom qab txias. Txhawm rau kom paub, tom qab qhov kev xeem "roob", cov brakes tau txias rau qhov ntsuas kub (kuaj) thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntuj (tsis yog quab yuam). Tom qab ntawd kev tswj braking yog rov ua tom qab acceleration mus rau 100 km / h.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas rau txhua tus neeg cov ntaub qhwv, 4 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient tau txais - ib qho rau txhua qhov kev xeem. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm txhua lub voj voog kev xeem, lub thickness ntawm lub hauv ob sab phlu ntawm cov khoom sib txhuam yog ntsuas - yog li sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hnav.
Cov txiaj ntsig kuaj rau cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab
Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab ntawm lub tsheb ncoo, thiab tus nqi ntau rau ntau yam khoom yog qhov loj heev, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis tau sim lawv hauv kev xyaum lossis sim lawv. Hauv qab no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua los ntawm kev xeem lub khw ntawm lub tuam txhab tsheb hauv tsev AvtoVAZ nrog kev koom tes ntawm Lub Chaw rau Kev Txawj Ntse thiab Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm Autoreview. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau pads ntsia nyob rau hauv lub VAZ tsheb, kev specifications TU 38.114297-87 yog siv, raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient nyob rau theem ntawm "txias" xeem yog 0,33, thiab nyob rau hauv "kub" - 0,3. Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, qhov hnav ntawm cov ntaub qhwv tau raug xam raws li feem pua.
Raws li cov qauv uas qhov kev sim tau ua tiav, cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv (nrog rau cov neeg Lavxias) thiab cov pab pawg sib txawv tau raug coj los siv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau sim tsis tau tsuas yog nrog ib haiv neeg disk, tab sis kuj nrog ib tug VAZ. Cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv qab no tau raug sim:
- Cov qhab nia: DAfmi, Trans Master;
- Lub teb chaws Yelemees: ATE, Bosch;
- UK: Ferodo, AP Lockheed, Lucas, QH;
- Denmark: Roulunds;
- Ltalis: Samko;
- Hungary: Rona;
- Russia: VATI, EZATI, Polyhedron, TIIR, STS;
- tsis paub: Zoo tshaj.
Cov qauv tau yuav los ntawm lub khw muag khoom network thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv cov tuam txhab raug coj los ntawm cov pob khoom.
Qhov kev sim nres nres tau qhia cov hauv qab no. Cov qhab nia xeem txias zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm QH, Samko, ATE, Roulunds thiab Lucas. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau raws li: 0,63; 0,60; 0,58; 0,55 thiab 0,53. Ntxiv mus, rau ATE thiab QH, tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient tau ua tiav tsis yog nrog haiv neeg, tab sis nrog VAZ disks.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim rau "kub braking" yog qhov xav tau heev. Thaum qhov kev xeem no, Roulunds (0,44) thiab ATE (0,47) ua tau zoo. Hungarian Rona, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem dhau los, muab tus coefficient ntawm 0,45.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "lub voj voog roob", Rona pads (0,44) tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txuas ntxiv kom muaj txoj haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab, uas tseem ceeb heev, rhuab mus txog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm tsuas yog 230 °. C. QH cov khoom muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm 0,43, thiab lub sij hawm no nrog lawv tus kheej, haiv neeg discs.
Thaum lub sij hawm xeem kawg Italian pads Samko (0,60) tau pom lawv tus kheej zoo dua nyob rau hauv "txias braking", txias thiab nce mus rau qhov ntsuas ntawm Rona ncoo (0,52), cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog QH (0,65).
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj sim
Raws li kev hnav khaub ncaws zaum kawg, cov khoom hnav-tiv taus tshaj plaws yog Bosch (1,7%) thiab Trans Master (1,5%). Txawv txawv raws li nws yuav zoo li, cov thawj coj ntawm qhov kev xeem yog ATE (2,7% nrog VAZ disk thiab 5,7% nrog ib haiv neeg) thiab QH (2,9% nrog ib haiv neeg, tab sis 4,0% - nrog VAZ).
Raws li kev soj ntsuam kuaj, cov ntaub qhwv zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem hu ua cov khoom lag luam ntawm ATE thiab QH hom, uas ua tiav raws li qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb - qhov zoo-tus nqi piv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej qhov tseeb tias ATE pads tau zoo dua siv nrog VAZ disk, thiab QH - nrog ib haiv neeg disk. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, Trans Master, Rona, Roulunds thiab STS tshaj tawm tias ruaj khov zoo. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau muab los ntawm EZATI, VATI, rau qee qhov - DAfmi thiab Lucas. Cov Polyhedron thiab AP Lockheed hom pads tsuas yog poob siab.
