Dab tsi yog siv cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov tsheb tsheb?

Cov ntaub ntawv tsheb lub cev muaj ntau yam thiab raug siv los muab cov txiaj ntsig, qhov zoo lossis cov yam ntxwv uas txhua tus muaj rau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho muaj rau pom cov khoom siv, kev teeb tsa lossis lub cev tsheb uas sib txuas ntau hom khoom.

Raws li txoj cai, cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lub cev yog lub hom phiaj kom ua tiav txo qhov hnyav thiab nce lub zog thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sib sau vim yog siv cov ntaub ntawv sib zog tab sis muaj zog.

Cov khoom siv yooj yim rau lub cev tsheb

Cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim lub cev ua haujlwm xyoo dhau los yog raws li hauv qab no:

•  Hlau alloys: steel thiab alloy hlau
• Txhuas alloys
• Hlau nplaum alloys
• Cov yas thiab lawv cov hlau me, txawm hais tias los tsis txhawb ntxiv
• Thermosetting cov tawv nrog fiberglass lossis carbon
• Tsom iav

Ntawm tsib lub cev lub cev cov ntaub ntawv, cov hlau yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws, tom qab los ntawm cov yas, txhuas thiab fiberglass, uas tsis tshua muaj siv hauv SUVs niaj hnub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qee cov tsheb loj, cov hlau nplaum thiab cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau pib ua ke.

Hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua yam khoom, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov hlau muaj nyob hauv ntau lub tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab qib qis. Tsis tas li ntawm cov tsheb nruab nrab, koj feem ntau tuaj yeem pom qee qhov khoom siv txhuas zoo li lub kaus mom thiab lwm yam. Hloov pauv, thaum nws los txog rau cov tsheb hwm, txhuas qhov chaw ua ntej. Muaj cov tsheb hauv khw nrog lub cev yuav luag ua los ntawm txhuas, xws li Audi TT, Audi Q7 lossis Range Rover Evoque.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov rims tuaj yeem yog forged steel, dai nrog hubcaps ua los ntawm cov yas lossis aluminium lossis magnesium alloy.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov yas tam sim no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tsheb niaj hnub (txog li 50% ntawm qhov chaw, hauv qee lub tsheb - yas), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsheb. Raws li cov khoom siv rau lub cev tsheb, cov yas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab bumpers, lub cev khoom siv, lub cev thiab rear-saib daim iav vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li moldings thiab ib co lwm yam hniav ntsiab. Muaj cov qauv Renault Clio uas muaj cov yas pem hauv ntej fenders lossis lwm qhov piv txwv tsawg dua, xws li Citroen C4. Coupe, uas txuas rau sab nraub qaum, cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Cov kab mob yog ua raws los ntawm fiberglass, feem ntau siv los txhawb cov plastics, tsim cov khoom sib txuas rau cov txheej txheem qauv xws li pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub pob tw. Ntxiv rau, thermally ruaj khov polyester lossis epoxy resins kuj tseem siv los ua cov ntawv sib txuas. Lawv yog cov siv nyob rau hauv accessories kev kho, txawm hais tias nyob hauv qee qhov Renault Chaw ua qauv lub cev yog txhua yam ua los ntawm cov khoom no. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb, xws li lub hauv ntej fenders (Citroen C8 2004), lossis nraub qaum (Citroen Xantia).

Kev cov yam ntxwv thiab kev faib tawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb siv hauv kev tsim lub cev

Txij li ntau yam khoom siv lub cev tuaj yeem raug puas ntsoog thiab yuav tsum tau kho hauv lub rhiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog lawv cov yam ntxwv thiaj li yuav coj kev kho, sib dhos thiab kev sib txuas, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Hlau alloys

Hlau, xws li, yog cov hlau mos, hnyav thiab rhiab heev rau cov teebmeem ntawm xeb thiab corrosion. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim rau kev tsim, forging thiab weld, thiab yog kev lag luam. Hlau siv los ua cov khoom siv rau lub cev tsheb yog alloyed nrog ib feem me me ntawm carbon (0,1% txog 0,3%). Cov alloys no hu ua low carbon steels. Tsis tas li ntawd, silicon, manganese thiab phosphorus kuj tau ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog, ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv ntxiv muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau alloys nrog qee feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hlau xws li niobium, titanium, lossis boron, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog siv los txhim kho cov yam ntxwv, xws li quenching lossis tempering. tsim cov hlau uas muaj zog dua lossis nrog kev sib tsoo tus cwj pwm.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev txo qis hauv oxidation rhiab lossis txhim kho kom zoo nkauj tau tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv ib feem me me ntawm txhuas, nrog rau cov galvanizing thiab galvanizing lossis aluminizing.

Yog li ntawd, raws li cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov hlau, cov hlau tau muab cais thiab muab cais raws li hauv qab no:

• Cov hlau, tsis tu ncua lossis cov thwj cim.
• Lub zog siab steels.
• Heev lub zog hlau.
• Ultra-siab lub zog steels: lub zog siab thiab ductility (Fortiform), nrog boron, thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tseeb tias lub tsheb lub cev yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, nws txaus los ua qhov kev ntsuas nrog cov hlau nplaum, thaum lub hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov alloy tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm kev xa mus rau cov tuam txhab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv.

Txhuas alloys

Aluminium yog cov hlau mos uas muaj ob peb theem qis dua lub zog dua li cov hlau feem ntau thiab kim dua thiab nyuaj rau kho thiab kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txo qhov hnyav piv rau cov hlau txog li 35%. thiab tsis raug oxidation, uas hlau alloys raug rau.

Aluminium yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau lub cev tsheb, nrog rau nws cov alloys nrog cov hlau xws li magnesium, zinc, silicon lossis tooj liab, thiab tseem yuav muaj lwm cov hlau xws li hlau, manganese, zirconium, chromium lossis titanium los txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab ... Yog tias tsim nyog, scandium tseem ntxiv rau txhim kho tus cwj pwm ntawm cov hlau no thaum lub sijhawm vuam.

Allo alloys tau faib raws li cov koob uas lawv muaj, yog li ntawd txhua qhov txhuas siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb yog ib feem ntawm 5000, 6000 thiab 7000 series.

Lwm txoj hauv kev los faib cov alloys no yog los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hardening. Qhov no yog ua tau rau 6000 thiab 7000 alloy series, thaum lub 5000 series tsis yog.

Cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws

Kev siv cov yas tau loj hlob vim nws qhov hnyav lub teeb, kev ua qauv zoo tsim nws muab, lawv cov oxidation tsis kam thiab tus nqi qis. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tias nws ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm, thiab nws kuj muaj teeb meem nrog kev pab them nqi, uas yuav tsum tau ua ntau txoj kev npaj ntawm kev npaj, txij nkawm thiab rov qab los.

Cov polymers siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb yog pawg raws li hauv qab no:

• Cov khoom siv ua kom sov, piv txwv li, Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) lossis kev sib txuas ua ke.
• Thermosetting zoo li Cov Resins, Epoxy resins (EP), iav fiber tam yas uas (GRP) zoo li PPGF30, lossis polyester resins, tsis yog saturated (UP).
• Cov Neeg Tshaj Lij.

Hom yas tuaj yeem pom los ntawm nws daim ntawv lo cim kab cim, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm lossis kev kuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Tsom iav

Raws li txoj haujlwm uas lawv nyob, tsheb iav tau muab faib ua:

• Lub qhov rais tom qab
• Cua daj cua dub
• Sab qhov rai
• Tsom iav kev nyab xeeb

Raws li rau hom iav, lawv txawv:

• Laminated iav. Muaj ob tsom iav glued ua ke nrog yas Polivinil Butiral (PVB), uas tseem muaj qhaub cij ntawm lawv. Kev siv ntawm zaj duab xis tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm iav tawg, tso cai rau zas lossis tsaus, ua kom kev nplaum ua kom tawg.
• Tempered iav. Cov no yog tsom iav qhov twg tempering tau thov thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem tsim khoom, ua ke nrog muaj zog compression. Qhov no nce nce qhov tawg taw, txawm hais tias tom qab dhau qhov kev txwv no, lub khob tawg mus ua ntau tawg tsam.

Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov hom iav, nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws, yog nyob ntawm silkscreen / npav rau ntawm lub khob nws tus kheej. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov cua daj cua dub yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus neeg tsav tsheb lub zeem muag, yog li nws tseem ceeb yuav tsum ua kom lawv nyob zoo, kho lossis hloov yog tias tsim nyog, siv iav cov chaw tsim khoom-pov thawj dismantling, kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib khi.

xaus

Kev siv cov khoom sib txawv rau lub cev tsheb txaus siab rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tuam ntxhab kom hloov kho rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua ntu tsheb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nruj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum tau txo lub tsheb hnyav, uas yog vim li cas cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlau tshiab thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb loj hlob.