Submarine tactics nyob rau hauv Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Atlantic 1939-1945. ntu 2
German "Mis nyuj" (hom XIV) - U 464 - txij li thaum 1942, nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic, muab lwm yam submarines nrog roj, torpedoes thiab zaub mov.
Koom nrog kev ua tsov rog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau hloov pauv cov duab ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Atlantic. German ntev-ntev submarines nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1942 tau ua tiav zoo heev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Asmeskas, ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov neeg Amelikas qhov kev paub tsis meej hauv kev tawm tsam U-boats. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nruab nrab ntawm Atlantic, txawm li cas los xij, "Grey Wolves" tsis yooj yim li. Nyob rau hauv kev saib ntawm lub zog loj hlob ntawm cov escort thiab kev sib kis ntawm zoo thiab zoo radars ntsia rau saum npoo ships thiab Allied aircraft, nws yog tsim nyog los hloov lub tactics nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm convoys.
Twb tau nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, Dönitz tau tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau thawj U-nkoj nres ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada. Nws vam tias cov neeg Amelikas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tawm tsam nws lub nkoj thiab tias Hom IX submarines xa mus rau cov dej no yuav ua tiav zoo. Nws hloov tawm tias nws yog, tab sis nws tuaj yeem yog lwm yam, vim hais tias txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1942, British cryptologists ua raws li kev txav ntawm German U-boats hauv dej hiav txwv. Lawv ceeb toom rau Asmeskas cov lus txib txog kev npaj tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg German, txawm hais tias thaum twg thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim thiab cov nkoj German yuav koom nrog.
HMS Hesperus - ib tug ntawm cov British destroyers koom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic nrog German submarines.
Txawm li cas los xij, Admiral Ernest King tus saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaj chaw tau zoo siab heev los nug cov neeg Askiv paub ntau dua yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej kom zoo tshaj plaws nrog U-boats hauv cov dej ntiav dej hiav txwv. Qhov tseeb tiag, Vajntxwv cov tub txib ua tsis muaj dab tsi uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg German los ntawm kev tawm tsam thaj tsam ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas, txawm hais tias lawv muaj ib hlis los ua li ntawd txij li thaum tsov rog tawm.
Nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa cov minefields nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas cov mines tsuas yog txaus ntshai rau U-Boats, muab tso rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 15 m thiab hauv qab no, thaum cov nkoj yuav hla lawv yam xyuam xim. Vajntxwv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua txoj cai hais tias tsawg kawg ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev thauj mus los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv 1, vim tias tom qab tawm ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, pawg nkoj yuav tsum tau tsim tsawg kawg hauv qhov chaw txaus ntshai tshaj plaws (tshwj xeeb nyob ze ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj) raws cov ntug hiav txwv thiab muab lawv nrog lub npog ntawm ib tug destroyer los yog lwm yam patrol unit. U-boats tau tawm tsam hauv cov dej no ib tus zuj zus thiab nyob deb ntawm ib leeg, yog li tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem txo qhov poob. Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum pib ua haujlwm German, cov nkoj tau tawm mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ib leeg thiab U-Boats tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tog txawm tias muaj cov phom loj loj tom qab raug cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Asmeskas (thiab hauv cov chaw nres nkoj lawv tus kheej) los qhia txog kev tua hluav taws, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau U-boat commanders mus tua thaum hmo ntuj, vim hais tias cov nkoj tuaj yeem pom zoo tiv thaiv lub teeb ntawm ntug dej. Thiab ob peb lub dav hlau muaj rau cov neeg Amelikas (thaum pib 100) tseem tsis tau nruab nrog cov nqi tob rau lub sijhawm ntawd!
Yog li ntawd, tsib lub nkoj nquam nkoj ntawm hom IX (U 123, U 66, U 109, U 130 thiab U 125) tau ntsib tsis muaj kev tawm tsam thaum, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 14, 1942, Canadian dej tawm sab qab teb ntawm Nova Scotia thiab ze Cape Breton Island. , qhov twg ob peb lub nkoj Canadian thiab dav hlau counterattacked heev menacingly. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pib ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Paukenschlag tau ua tiav zoo rau cov neeg German. Lawv tau tsoo tag nrho 2 lub nkoj nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 23 150 GRT thiab puas 510 ntxiv (2 15 GRT) yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv tus kheej. Dönitz, paub tam sim no tias nws cov nkoj yuav tsis raug nplua hauv cov dej no rau lub sijhawm, txhim kho "nthwv dej", piv txwv li cov pab pawg tshiab thiab loj dua ntawm U-boats, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm zoo dua (thaum ib pab pawg rov qab mus rau Fabkis lub hauv paus tom qab khiav. tawm ntawm roj thiab torpedoes, muaj los hloov lawv). Thaum nruab hnub, U-boats nqis mus rau qhov tob ntawm 192 mus rau 45 m thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ob peb mais ntawm txoj kab kev thauj mus los, rov qab thaum hmo ntuj, txuas ntxiv lawv tawm tsam. Kev sim tawm tsam Asmeskas cov nkoj hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg xyoo 135 tau ua tsis tau zoo. Lawv tau saib xyuas cov ntu ntu ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ib leeg nrog qhov tsis tu ncua uas cov thawj coj ntawm U-boats tau teeb tsa lawv lub moos raws li lawv thiab lawv tuaj yeem zam kev sib ntaus sib tua yooj yim, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub nkoj ntog ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no yog li cas lub nkoj tua USS Jacob Jones tau poob, torpedoed thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942, 28 los ntawm German submarine U 1942.
Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 1942, U-Boats nteg 203 units nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 1 GRT nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dej, thiab cov Germans poob 133 lub nkoj. Ob ntawm lawv (U 777 thiab U 12) tau tsoo lub dav hlau nrog cov neeg Asmeskas hauv lub Peb Hlis. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub nkoj tua USS Roper tau tsoo thawj lub nkoj U-nkoj (U 656) ze rau North Carolina thaum lub Plaub Hlis 503, 85. Cov neeg Askiv, thaum xub thawj txaus ntshai ntawm cov neeg Amelikas tsis muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev tiv thaiv East Coast, thaum kawg xa lawv. pab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 14 hauv daim ntawv ntawm 1942 corvettes thiab 1942 trawlers, txawm hais tias lawv xav tau cov nkoj no lawv tus kheej. Admiral King thaum kawg tau yaum kom tsim kev sib tw ntawm New York thiab Halifax thiab ntawm Key West thiab Norfolk. Cov teebmeem tuaj sai heev. Lub nkoj sinkings poob los ntawm 10 lub Plaub Hlis mus rau 24 hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab xoom thaum Lub Xya Hli. U-boats tsiv mus rau cov dej ntawm Gulf of Mexico thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm South America thiab Caribbean cheeb tsam, hu nws lub tshiab "U-boat paradise" vim hais tias lawv tseem ua tau zoo heev nyob rau ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub quarter thib ob ntawm xyoo 24, German submarines tau poob 5 units nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1942 GRT nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Atlantic thiab nyob ib sab seas. 328 U-boats tau poob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, suav nrog ob lub nkoj hauv Asmeskas.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm 1942, lub U-boat nres nyob rau hauv lub American sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv txuas ntxiv, thiab cov Germans muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv lawv cov dej hiav txwv dej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, raws li lawv tau txais lub peev xwm rau refuel, torpedoes thiab zaub mov los ntawm hom XIV submarine khoom, lub npe hu ua "Milk Cows". Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg Amelikas tawm ntawm lawv cov ntug dej hiav txwv tau maj mam ntxiv dag zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog ntawm kev saib xyuas huab cua thiab kev poob ntawm Germans maj mam pib nce ntxiv, zoo li cov haujlwm hauv Atlantic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ncaj qha.
