Supercapacitors - super thiab txawm ultra
Qhov teeb meem ntawm roj teeb efficiency, ceev, muaj peev xwm thiab kev nyab xeeb yog tam sim no dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem loj hauv ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab tias underdevelopment nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no hem kom stagnate peb tag nrho cov kev vam meej kev vam meej.
Peb tsis ntev los no tau sau txog kev tawg cov roj teeb lithium-ion hauv xov tooj. Lawv lub peev xwm tseem tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev them nqi qeeb tau ua rau Elon Musk tsis txaus siab lossis lwm tus neeg nyiam tsheb hluav taws xob ntau dua ib zaug. Peb tau hnov txog ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no tau ntau xyoo, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam uas yuav muab qee yam zoo dua hauv kev siv txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee lub sijhawm tam sim no tau muaj kev sib tham ntau txog qhov tseeb tias cov roj teeb tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog cov khoom siv ceev ceev, lossis lawv cov "super" version.
Vim li cas cov capacitors zoo tib yam tsis cia siab rau kev tawg? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim. Ib kilogram ntawm roj av yog kwv yees li 4. kilowatt-teev ntawm lub zog. Lub roj teeb hauv Tesla qauv muaj li 30 npaug ntawm lub zog tsawg dua. Ib kilogram ntawm capacitor huab hwm coj tsuas yog 0,1 kWh. Tsis tas yuav piav qhia vim li cas cov capacitors zoo tib yam tsis haum rau lub luag haujlwm tshiab. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb lithium-ion niaj hnub yuav tsum muaj ntau pua zaus loj dua.
Lub supercapacitor lossis ultracapacitor yog ib hom electrolytic capacitor uas, piv rau classical electrolytic capacitors, muaj hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob (ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntau txhiab farads), nrog rau kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm 2-3 V. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm supercapacitors yog luv heev them thiab tawm lub sij hawm piv rau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li roj teeb). Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv rau 10 kW ib kg ntawm capacitor hnyav.
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm ultracapacitors muaj nyob rau hauv khw.
Kev ua tiav hauv chav kuaj
Lub hli tsis ntev los no tau coj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog supercapacitor prototypes tshiab. Thaum kawg ntawm 2016, peb kawm, piv txwv li, tias ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Central Florida tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab los tsim cov supercapacitor, txuag ntau lub zog thiab tiv taus ntau dua 30 XNUMX. kev them nqi / tso tawm cycles. Yog tias peb hloov cov roj teeb nrog cov supercapacitors no, tsis yog peb tuaj yeem them lub xov tooj smartphone hauv vib nas this, tab sis qhov ntawd yuav txaus rau ntau tshaj li ib lub lim tiam ntawm kev siv, Nitin Chowdhary, tus tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg tshawb fawb, hais rau xov xwm. . Florida cov kws tshawb fawb tsim supercapacitors los ntawm ntau lab tus microwires coated nrog cov khoom siv ob sab. Cov hlua ntawm lub cable yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, tso cai rau kev them nyiaj sai thiab tso tawm ntawm lub capacitor, thiab cov khoom siv ob sab npog lawv tso cai rau kev khaws cia ntawm lub zog loj.
Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Tehran hauv Iran, uas tsim cov qauv tooj liab porous hauv cov tshuaj ammonia raws li cov khoom siv electrode, ua raws li lub tswv yim zoo sib xws. Cov neeg Askiv, nyob rau hauv lem, xaiv rau gels zoo li cov siv nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag lo ntsiab muag. Lwm tus tau coj cov polymers mus rau lub rooj cob qhia. Kev tshawb fawb thiab cov tswv yim tsis muaj qhov kawg thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog project ELECTROGRAPH (Graphene-Based Electrodes rau Supercapacitor Applications), tau txais nyiaj los ntawm EU, tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm graphene thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib puag ncig ionic kua electrolytes ntawm chav tsev kub. Cov kws tshawb fawb cia siab tias graphene yuav hloov activated carbon (AC) yog siv nyob rau hauv cov electrodes ntawm supercapacitor.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov graphite oxides ntawm no, faib lawv mus rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm graphene, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv tso rau hauv ib lub supercapacitor. Piv nrog AC-raws li electrodes, graphene electrodes muaj cov khoom nplaum zoo dua thiab muaj peev xwm khaws cia ntau dua.
Cov neeg caij tsheb thauj neeg - tram them nqi
Cov chaw tshawb fawb tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim qauv, thiab Suav tau muab cov supercapacitors rau hauv kev xyaum. Lub nroog Zhuzhou, xeev Hunan, tsis ntev los no tau nthuav tawm thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau hauv Suav teb uas siv los ntawm supercapacitors (2), uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tas yuav muaj cov kab hluav taws xob. Lub tram yog powered los ntawm pantographs ntsia ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Tus nqi tag nrho yuav siv sijhawm li 30 vib nas this, yog li nws yuav siv sijhawm thaum caij nkoj thiab caij nkoj ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb. Qhov no tso cai rau lub tsheb mus txog 3-5 km yam tsis muaj lub zog sab nraud, uas yog txaus mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws rov qab mus txog 85% ntawm lub zog thaum nres.
Qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv supercapacitors muaj ntau heev - los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, roj hlwb, lub hnub ci hlwb mus rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob. Tsis ntev los no, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tau riveted rau kev siv cov supercapacitors hauv hybrid electric tsheb. Ib lub diaphragm roj cell tsub lub supercapacitor, uas tom qab ntawd khaws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siv los siv lub cav. Lub voj voog ceev ceev / tso tawm ntawm SC tuaj yeem siv los ua kom lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob, muab kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
Nws zoo nkaus li tias peb twb nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub supercapacitor kiv puag ncig. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm kev txaus siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis txhob tso tseg nrog lub roj teeb qub hauv koj txhais tes.
