Soviet infantry riam phom mus txog 1941, ntu 2
Kev pabcuam ntawm 12,7-mm anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom DShK tab tom npaj los tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam.
Thaum lub sij hawm peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub epic ntawm kev tsim ib rab phom tsis siv neeg txuas ntxiv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub riam phom ntawm lub Red Army. Raws li cov lus qhia tau txais, Soviet designers tso tseg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phom nrog ib tug txav chim thiab tsom tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab nrog kev tshem tawm cov hmoov gases.
Semi-automatic phom
Nyob rau hauv 1931, ntawm kev sib tw xeem Diegtiariew wz. Nyob rau hauv 1930, ib tug tshiab Tokarev ib tug semi-automatic phom, nyob rau hauv uas lub chim twb kaw los ntawm tig lub breech nrog ob locking bolts, nrog ib tug magazine rau 10 rounds thiab ib tug tsis siv neeg phom nrog ib tug wedge xauv thiab ib tug magazine rau 15 rounds, qhia los ntawm lub taub hau. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Kovrov, Sergei Simonov. Cov kev sim siab, uas tau koom nrog tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Liab thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg tiv thaiv rau cov tub rog thiab tub rog, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev ntseeg tau, thiab tsawg kawg 10 txhiab zlotys yuav tsum raug xa mus. txhaj tshuaj. Simonov's rab phom tiv taus 10 340 txhaj tshuaj, Digtyarev - 8000 5000, Tokarev - tsawg dua 1932 31. Simonov's tsis siv neeg phom loj tau pom zoo rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev saws me nyuam tom qab kev sim ntxiv. Kev ntsuam xyuas hauv 1934 ib zaug tau lees paub qhov zoo ntawm ABC-1932. Tus tsim qauv tau qhia kom ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis kom nyob rau thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm xyoo 1930, kev tsim cov phom loj tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm Izhevsk Arms Plant. Hauv tib lub xyoo XNUMX, kev txiav txim siab tau tso tseg qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm kev sim batch ntawm Diegtiariev wz. XNUMX.
Nyob rau hauv 1933, ib tug tshiab tsim chaw ua hauj lwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Izhevsk cog los tsim thiab modernize riam phom tsim; Simonov nws tus kheej tau raug xaiv tsa tus tsim qauv los npaj cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem rub tawm rau ntau xyoo. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 22, 1934, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam hnyav kom xa mus rau xyoo 1935 ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Izhevsk cov khoom ntawm 150 tons. tsis siv neeg phom. Hauv 1934, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim 106 phom, tab sis tsis tau txais kev pabcuam, thiab hauv 1935, 286. Txhua lub sijhawm no, Simonov niaj hnub hloov pauv rau nws tus qauv tsim, sim ua kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov phom ntev, pab txhawb nws cov khoom siv thiab txo tus nqi: tshwj xeeb, cov phom ntev tau txais lub pob zeb tshiab thiab lub pob zeb nres uas absorbs ib feem ntawm lub zog recoil. thiab stabilizes txoj hauj lwm ntawm riam phom thaum tua. Es tsis txhob folding piercing bayonet, ib tug mounted bayonet-riam tau saws, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub reclined txoj hauj lwm raws li qhov tseem ceeb rau tsis siv neeg tua.
Lub caij no, Tokarev tau rov qab los hauv kev sib tw. Xyoo 1933, tus tsim qauv tau hloov pauv nws qhov kev teeb tsa: nws tau qhia txog lub ntsuas phoo uas kaw nrog oblique txiav hauv lub dav hlau ntsug, lub raj roj nrog ib sab qhov tau muab tso rau saum lub thoob (hauv kev tsim ua ntej, cov roj chamber nyob hauv qab lub thoob. ), hloov lub teeb pom kev mus rau curvilinear ib qho, nce lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm mus rau 15 ammo thiab ua rau nws txiav tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus no, Tokarev nyob rau hauv 1934 tsim ib tug tsis siv neeg rab phom uas ntse dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, tom qab uas tus tsim tau qhia kom tsim ib tug semi-automatic phom nyob rau hauv tib lub configuration nrog ib tug chim ntev ntawm 630 hli. Thaum kawg, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug series ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ua nyob rau hauv 1935-36, Simonov assault phom tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub npe ABC-36. Lub armament system ntawm Red Army tau muab rau cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj lub cev muaj zog thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, nrog rau cov tub rog hauv huab cua nrog rab phom tsis siv neeg.
Qhov kaw ntawm lub bore, raws li twb tau hais lawm, yog ua los ntawm ib tug wedge txav nyob rau hauv lub ntsug tuav ntawm lub xauv chamber. Lub trigger mechanism ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ob qho tib si thiab txuas ntxiv hluav taws. Lub zog tau muab los ntawm 15-round detachable box magazine nrog staggered rounds; loading lub khw yog ua tau yam tsis muaj disconnecting nws, raws li nyob rau hauv Fedorov lub phom phom. Qhov pom nkhaus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb txog li 1500 m. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws kub yog 40 rounds / min. Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom tsis muaj bayonet yog 1260 hli, lub thoob ntev yog 615 hli. Nrog ib tug bayonet thiab ib tug tas li magazine, lub phom hnyav hnyav 4,5 kg. Nrog rau tus qauv version, kev hloov kho ntawm ABC-36 rau snipers, nruab nrog PE kho qhov muag pom, kuj tau ua rau me me. Tom qab tau txais kev tsim cov phom Simonov, qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim cov phom Simonov tau nce ntau, tab sis tseem yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsawg dua li "tog" tau txiav txim siab: hauv xyoo 1937 nws muaj txog 10 daim. - tsim tawm hauv kab.
