Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab proportions ntawm antifreeze kua
Txheem
Lub anti-freeze yog dab tsi?
Cawv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev khov ntawm iav hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom txo qis qhov kub ntawm crystallization ntawm dej. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws aliphatic cawv yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev daws qhov teeb meem no. 3 hom monohydric cawv yog siv, ob qho tib si hauv kev sib xyaw thiab hauv mono:
- Ethanol
Tsis muaj tshuaj lom; crystallizes ntawm -114 ° C. Nws tau siv txog xyoo 2006, txawm li cas los xij, vim yog tus nqi siab thiab nquag siv ntawm qhov ncauj hauv daim ntawv ntawm surrogates, nws raug cais tawm ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Isopropanol
Tsis zoo li ethanol, isopropyl cawv yog pheej yig dua, tab sis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm acetone.
- Methanol
Sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub cev thiab tshuaj ntsuas ntsuas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj tshuaj lom heev thiab txwv tsis pub siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev haus cawv hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv ntawm 25 mus rau 75%. Raws li qhov concentration nce, qhov khov ntawm qhov sib tov txo. Yog li, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev tiv thaiv khov mus txog -30 ° C Frost suav nrog tsawg kawg 50% isopropyl cawv.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes
Cov haujlwm tom ntej ntawm cov kua dej tiv thaiv kab mob yog tshem tawm cov av thiab cov kab mob. Anionic surfactants yog siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, uas ua haujlwm tsis hais qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, surfactants txhim kho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv soluble thiab cawv nrog dej. Feem pua - mus txog 1%.
Denaturation
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev noj cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws, cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab yog qhia. Ntau zaus, pyridine, phthalic acid esters, lossis kerosene zoo tib yam ntxiv. Xws li cov tebchaw muaj cov ntxhiab tsw phem thiab tsis zoo sib cais hauv cov cawv sib tov. Qhov sib faib ntawm denaturing additives yog 0,1-0,5%.
Stabilizers
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ua tau zoo, cov tshuaj lom ethylene glycol lossis tsis muaj teeb meem propylene glycol yog ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv khov. Xws li cov tebchaw ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv organic, txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv, thiab tseem tswj cov kua dej fluidity. Cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 5%.
Hmoov nplej
Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov "acetone" aroma, isopropanol-based iav ntxuav siv cov tshuaj tsw qab - cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Kev sib koom ua ke yog kwv yees li 0,5%.
Dyes
Xim ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, thiab tseem qhia txog feem pua ntawm cawv. Feem ntau muaj anti-freezes nrog ib tug bluish tint, uas sib haum mus rau ib tug 25% concentration ntawm isopropanol. Ib tug ntau ntawm dye ua rau tsim ib tug precipitate. Yog li, nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0,001%.
Dej
Deionized dej yog siv yam tsis muaj impurities. Aqueous distillate ua raws li cov khoom siv cua sov, hnyav, thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob nrog rau surfactants. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov dej yog 20-70% nyob ntawm cov dej cawv.
Anti-freeze muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li GOST
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv ntawm tus kheej yuav raug tswj xyuas raws li kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov. Kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub caij ntuj no windshield washer kua nrog PCT conformity cim raws li interstate standard (GOST):
- dej demineralized: tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30%;
- isopropanol: ntau dua 30%;
- Surfactants: txog li 5%;
- propylene glycol stabilizer: 5%;
- dej-dirt-repellent tivthaiv: 1%;
- tus neeg sawv cev tsis kam: 1%;
- qab zib: 5%;
- dyes: 5%.
Kev cai lij choj cov cai rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg
Cov khoom pov thawj yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv tus account lub degree ntawm toxicity thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum tau zoo tiv thaiv cov pa phem nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tsis yog tsim streaks, me ntsis uas txwv tus neeg tsav tsheb saib. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum indifferent rau fiberglass thiab hlau nto. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khov yog hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj: methanol - isopropanol, tshuaj lom ethylene glycol - nruab nrab propylene glycol.
