ntsev mine "Bochnia"
Thaum ntxov li 1248, ntsev tau mined hauv Bochnia. Cov keeb kwm Bochnia ntsev mine yog cov nroj tsuag qub tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland qhov chaw pob zeb ntsev tau pib. Bochnia tso nyiaj tau tsim muaj txog 20 lab xyoo dhau los thaum lub sijhawm Miocene, thaum thaj chaw ntawm Bochnia niaj hnub no tau npog los ntawm hiav txwv ntiav thiab sov. Cov ntsev tso nyiaj muaj cov duab ntawm lub lens tsis xwm yeem nyob rau hauv latitudinal kev taw qhia raws li sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob axis. Nws qhov ntev yog li 4 km, tab sis nws qhov tob yog dab tsi? los ntawm 50 mus rau 500 meters. Puas yog nqaim? ob peb mus rau ob puas meters. Nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, nws yog nyob heev steeply, yuav luag vertically, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem nws yog inclined mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30-40 °, thiab ces nqaim? kom txog thaum nws ploj tag.
Lub mine ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 70 txog 289 m, npog tag nrho txog 60 km ntawm qhov chaw thiab chav. Lawv ncav cuag li ntawm 3,5 km raws lub sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob axis thiab muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 250 m nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab qab teb axis. Kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawm cuaj theem: Kuv? Danilovets, II Sobieski, III? Vernier, IV? August, V? Lobkowicz, VI? Senkevich, VII? Beg-Stanetti, VIII? Scaffold, IX? Golukhovsky.
Ntsev kuv chim? cov dej ntsev tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland, ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX mus rau lub xyoo pua XNUMX (pob zeb ntsev hauv tebchaws Poland tau tshawb pom hauv Bochnia ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm Wieliczka). Sutoris Mine, qhov qub tshaj plaws ntsev mine hauv tebchaws Poland, hnub rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum peb. Cov mines ntsev hauv Bochnia thiab Wieliczka yeej ib txwm yog cov cuab yeej ntawm huab tais thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo txij li lub sijhawm Kazimierz thiab nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tom ntej.
Tom qab yuav luag yim pua xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub mine zoo li lub nroog hauv av txawv txawv, zoo siab nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, cov tsev teev ntuj carved rau hauv cov pob zeb ntsev, nrog rau cov duab puab qub thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Nws tuaj yeem mus xyuas tsis tau tsuas yog taug kev, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov av metro thiab nkoj. Lub mine yog ib tug priceless monument ntawm technology. Rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, nws muab qhov kev paub tsis nco qab, thiab rau tus kws tshawb fawb thiab keeb kwm, lub mine yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev kawm.
Nws yog cov qauv geological tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab qhov kev siv thiab qhov tshwj xeeb spatial kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw no. Cov khoom muaj nqis tshwj xeeb yog cov haujlwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm Bochnia ntsev mine, txuas ntxiv los ntawm Trinitatis mine, tom qab lub qub Danielovec mine, mus rau Goluchovska mine, ntawm rau theem ntawm Campi mine thiab cuaj theem ntawm Sutoris mine. Cov no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws keeb kwm excavations ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tsaug rau qhov kev txiav txim kom ruaj ntseg ncej nrog lub kaw lus ntawm lub thawv, ntoo hauv ob sab phlu, fantoons thiab ntsev ncej, uas tau ua txij thaum ntawd los. nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Ntawm qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog kev ua haujlwm ntsug, lub npe hu ua intramine shafts thiab furnaces, i.e. kev ua haujlwm.
Ntawm cov chav, Vazhyn chamber sawv tawm (ntxhiab tau mined ntawm no los ntawm 1697 mus rau 50s, txij li thaum muaj ntau tshwj xeeb deposits nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no), nyob rau hauv ib tug tob ntawm txog 250 meters. Nws qhov ntev yog 255 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog yuav luag 15 m, thiab qhov siab tshaj 7 meters. Qhov loj, zoo sab hauv no tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa. Lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa nrog cov txheej ntawm ntsev thiab anhydrite, tsim kom muaj lub ntuj ornament, saib zoo heev. Nyob rau ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm lub chamber, lub XNUMXth-xyoo pua Ernest ncej yog clamped, uas, zoo li lwm tus, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm pob zeb loj siab ntawm cov ntoo hauv ob sab phlu ntawm cov chav thiab chav. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Vazhyn chamber, muaj kev nkag mus rau Mann tus ntoo khaub lig, yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua XNUMX, nrog rau kev khaws cia ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tso nyiaj (kem ntawm qhov hu ua flaps thiab cavernous ua haujlwm).
Vazhinskaya chamber muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb microclimate yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug tas li kub (14-16 ° C), high humidity thiab ionization ntawm huv si huab cua saturated nrog sodium chloride thiab tseem ceeb microelements. magnesium, manganese thiab calcium. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb no, txhim kho los ntawm lub tshuab ua pa ua haujlwm zoo, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab muaj cov khoom zoo hauv ntau yam kab mob (rhinitis, pharyngitis thiab laryngitis, rov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud), nrog rau kev tiv thaiv. allergic, antibacterial thiab antifungal zog. Txij li thaum xyoo 1993, lub chamber tau siv los ntawm cov neeg mob txhua hnub (kev nqus pa thiab so).
Txhawm rau kom paub cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov txheej txheem mining thaum ub thiab kev txhim kho spatial ntawm lub mine, peb cov khoom thauj nthuav dav tau rov tsim dua thiab ib daim ntawv loj ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntawm tag nrho cov excavations ntawm Bochna mine, raws li tus thawj ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, yog. ua. Nyob rau theem ntawm Sienkiewicz muaj lub log khiav rau rub cov brine, thiab hauv Rabshtyn chamber, siv txij li xyoo pua XNUMX, plaub-nees khiav khiav rau kev ntws tawm ntawm lub mine, hu ua lub qhov, tau muab tso rau. Noteworthy yog thawj rooj plaub ntoo ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau ntawm lub treadmill ze Vazhinsky Val muaj ib tug loj Saxon hom treadmill nrog ib co thawj tsim ntsiab.
Source: National Heritage Institute.
