Sib tov cov kua dej nrog tshuaj dawb. Yuav ua li cas?
Txheem
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj reagents
Cov kua nplaum muaj cov polyglycols - cov ntaub ntawv polymeric ntawm polyhydric cawv (ethylene glycol thiab propylene glycol), boric acid polyesters thiab hloov kho. Chlorine muaj xws li hypochlorite, hydroxide thiab calcium chloride. Lub ntsiab reagent nyob rau hauv lub nres kua yog polyethylene glycol, thiab nyob rau hauv bleach - hypochlorite. Kuj tseem muaj cov kua dej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine, uas yog sodium hypochlorite ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing.
Txheej txheem lus qhia
Yog tias koj sib tov tshuaj bleach thiab cov dej nres, koj tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav nrog cov pa roj ntau ntau. Kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, tab sis tom qab 30-45 vib nas this. Tom qab tsim cov geyser, cov khoom gaseous ignite, uas feem ntau xaus rau hauv kev tawg.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua qhov kev sim hauv tsev. Rau cov txheej txheem, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv lub fume hood los yog hauv qhov chaw qhib ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism
Hauv kev sim, cov tshuaj bleach tshiab tau siv. Hloov cov tshuaj dawb, koj tuaj yeem siv sodium hypochlorite, uas muaj txog li 95% muaj chlorine. Thaum pib, cov ntsev hypochlorite decomposes nrog kev tsim ntawm atomic chlorine:
NCO → NaO+ + TSI-
Qhov tshwm sim chloride ion bombards lub molecule ntawm ethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol), uas ua rau lub destabilization ntawm lub polymer qauv thiab redistribution ntawm electron ceev. Yog li ntawd, lub monomer, formaldehyde, yog cais los ntawm cov saw hlau polymer. Cov ethylene glycol molecule yog hloov mus rau hauv electrophilic radical, uas reacts nrog lwm chloride ion. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, acetaldehyde yog cais los ntawm cov polymer, thiab thaum kawg qhov yooj yim alkene, ethylene, tseem nyob. Txoj kev sib cais dav dav yog raws li nram no:
Polyethylene glycol ⇒ Formaldehyde; Acetaldehyde; Ethylene
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm ethylene glycol nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm chlorine yog nrog los ntawm kev tso cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, ethylene thiab formaldehyde yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub. Yog li, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cua sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov, cov khoom gaseous ignite. Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nrawm dhau, qhov tawg tshwm sim vim qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov roj-kua sib tov.
Vim li cas ho tsis tshwm sim?
Feem ntau thaum sib xyaw cov kua dej thiab tshuaj dawb, tsis muaj dab tsi pom. Qhov no tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- Siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tsev qub qub
Thaum khaws cia sab nraum zoov, calcium hypochlorite maj mam decomposes rau calcium carbonate thiab calcium chloride. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm active tshuaj chlorine yog txo mus rau 5%.
- Tsawg kub
Rau qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom sov cov dej nres rau qhov kub ntawm 30-40 ° C.
- Tsis muaj sijhawm txaus lawm
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob radical tshwm sim nrog kev maj mam nce nrawm. Nws yuav siv li 1 feeb kom pom kev hloov pauv tshwm sim.
Tam sim no koj paub tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias cov tshuaj bleach tov nrog cov dej nres thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim li cas.
