Scanners thiab scanning
ntawm technology

Scanners thiab scanning

26.05.2022 /

Lub scanner yog ib qho cuab yeej siv los nyeem tsis tu ncua: ib daim duab, barcode lossis magnetic code, xov tooj cua nthwv dej, thiab lwm yam rau hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog digital). Lub scanner scans cov kwj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nyeem lossis sau npe rau lawv.

40-s Thawj cov cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem hu ua progenitor ntawm fax / scanner tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov XNUMXs los ntawm Scottish inventor. Alexandra Boothuas yog lub npe hu ua inventor thawj lub moos hluav taws xob.

Lub Tsib Hlis 27, 1843, Bain tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj British (No. 9745) rau kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm. hluav taws xob Oraz kev txhim kho timer, NWS hluav taws xob foob thiab, thiab tom qab ntawd ua qee qhov kev txhim kho rau lwm daim ntawv patent uas tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1845.

Hauv nws cov lus piav qhia patent, Bain tau thov tias lwm qhov chaw, uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo, tuaj yeem luam tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov txheej txheem tsim cov duab tsis zoo thiab tsis siv nyiaj txiag siv, feem ntau vim tias lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob thiab tus txais tsis tau synchronized. Bain fax concept tau kho me ntsis hauv xyoo 1848 los ntawm tus kws kho mob Askiv Frederica Bakewelltab sis cov cuab yeej Bakewell (1) kuj tau tsim cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo.

1861 Tus thawj xyaum ua hauj lwm electromechanical fax tshuab coj mus muag yog hu ua "pantograph'(2) tau tsim los ntawm Italian physicist Giovannigo Casellego. Hauv XNUMXs, pantelegraph yog ib qho khoom siv rau kev xa cov ntawv sau, kos duab thiab kos npe rau kab xov tooj. Nws tau dav siv los ua cov cuab yeej kos npe pov thawj hauv kev lag luam hauv tuam txhab nyiaj.

Lub tshuab ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau thiab ntau tshaj li ob meters siab, rau peb hnub no nws yog clumsy, tab sis heev ua haujlwm zoo thaum lub sijhawmnws ua los ntawm tus neeg xa ntawv sau cov lus rau ntawm daim ntawv tin uas tsis yog tus cwj mem. Daim ntawv no ces txuas mus rau ib tug nkhaus hlau phaj. Tus neeg xa ntawv lub stylus luam theej duab cov ntaub ntawv, ua raws nws cov kab sib npaug (peb kab ib millimeter).

Cov teeb liab tau raug xa los ntawm xov tooj mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb, qhov twg cov lus tau cim nrog Prussian xiav number case, tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, txij li cov ntawv hauv cov khoom tau txais tau impregnated nrog potassium ferrocyanide. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias ob rab koob scan ntawm tib lub nrawm, cov neeg tsim qauv siv ob lub moos uas tau tsav lub pendulum, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau txuas nrog lub zog thiab cov hlua khi uas tswj kev txav ntawm cov koob.

1913 ntawm lub nce bellinographyleej twg tuaj yeem luam theej duab nrog lub photocell. Tswv yim Edward Belin (3) tso cai rau kev sib kis hauv xov tooj thiab tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev pabcuam AT&T Wirephoto. Bellinograph qhov no tso cai rau cov duab xa mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm xov tooj thiab xov tooj.

Xyoo 1921, cov txheej txheem no tau txhim kho kom cov duab tuaj yeem siv tau xov tooj cua waves. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug belinograph, ib tug hluav taws xob ntaus ntawv yog siv los ntsuas qhov siv ntawm lub teeb. Lub teeb siv theem yog kis mus rau lub receiverqhov twg lub teeb ci tuaj yeem rov tsim dua qhov kev siv ntsuas los ntawm lub transmitter los ntawm kev luam ntawv rau ntawm daim ntawv duab. Cov tshuab luam ntawv niaj hnub siv cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws uas lub teeb raug ntes los ntawm lub computer tswj sensors thiab luam tawm raws li laser tshuab.

3. Eduard Belin nrog daim ntawv qhia

1914 Cov cag optical cim cim technology (optical character recognition), siv los paub cov cim thiab tag nrho cov ntawv hauv cov duab nraaj, daim ntawv bitmap, hnub rov qab mus rau qhov pib ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Ces qhov no Emmanuel Goldberg i Edmund Fournier d'Albe nws tus kheej tsim thawj cov khoom siv OCR.

Goldberg tau tsim lub tshuab muaj peev xwm nyeem cov cim thiab hloov lawv mus rau hauv xov tooj code. Lub caij no, d'Albe tau tsim cov cuab yeej hu ua optophone. Nws yog lub tshuab luam ntawv nqa tau yooj yim uas tuaj yeem txav mus raws ntug ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm los tsim cov suab sib txawv thiab sib txawv, txhua qhov sib xws rau cov cim tshwj xeeb lossis tsab ntawv. Txoj kev OCR, txawm hais tias tsim ntau xyoo lawm, ua haujlwm hauv txoj cai zoo ib yam li thawj cov khoom siv.

1924 Richard H. Ranger invention wireless photoradiogram (plaub). Nws siv nws xa daim duab ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm Calvin Coolidge los ntawm New York mus rau London xyoo 1924, thawj daim duab uas tau faxed hauv xov tooj cua. Ranger's invention tau siv los ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1926 thiab tseem siv los xa cov duab huab cua thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv huab cua.

4. Kev luam tawm thawj zaug photoroentgenogram los ntawm Richard H. Ranger.

1950 Tsim los ntawm Benedict Cassen kho mob rectilinear scanner ua ntej los ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev taw qhia scintillation detector. Xyoo 1950, Cassin tau sib sau ua ke thawj qhov kev siv tshuab luam ntawv, suav nrog engine-tsav scintillation detector txuas nrog relay tshuab luam ntawv.

Lub tshuab scanner no tau siv los pom cov thyroid caj pas tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm radioactive iodine. Xyoo 1956, Kuhl thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau tsim lub Cassin scanner uas txhim kho nws qhov rhiab heev thiab kev daws teeb meem. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm cov kab ke no tau siv dav txij li xyoo 50 mus txog rau xyoo 70s los tshawb xyuas cov kabmob loj ntawm lub cev.

1957 ntawm lub nce nruas scanner, thawj tsim los ua haujlwm nrog lub khoos phis tawj los ua digital scanning. Nws tau tsim los ntawm US National Bureau of Standards los ntawm ib pab neeg coj los ntawm Russell A. Kirsch, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Asmeskas thawj qhov programmed sab hauv (kho rau hauv lub cim xeeb) lub computer, Standard Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC), uas tau tso cai rau Kirsch pab pawg los sim nrog cov algorithms uas yog precursors rau cov duab ua thiab cov qauv paub.

Russell's Kirschs Nws tau muab tawm tias lub khoos phis tawj dav dav siv tau los simulate ntau cov cim kev paub logics uas tau thov kom siv rau hauv kho vajtse. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov khoom siv nkag uas tuaj yeem hloov cov duab rau hauv daim ntawv tsim nyog. khaws cia hauv computer nco. Yog li lub tshuab luam ntawv digital tau yug los.

Scanner SEAK siv lub nruas rotating thiab photomultiplier los xyuas qhov kev xav ntawm cov duab me me rau ntawm lub nruas. Lub npog ntsej muag muab tso rau ntawm daim duab thiab photomultiplier tau tessellated, i.e. faib cov duab rau hauv ib daim phiaj polygonal. Thawj daim duab luam tawm ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv yog daim duab 5 × 5 cm ntawm Kirsch tus tub peb hlis, Walden (5). Cov duab dub thiab dawb muaj qhov daws teeb meem ntawm 176 pixels ib sab.

60s-90s XX caug xyoo Thawj 3D scanning tshuab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thaum ntxov scanners siv teeb, koob yees duab, thiab projectors. Vim muaj kev txwv kho vajtse, kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom kom raug feem ntau siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog. Tom qab xyoo 1985, lawv tau hloov los ntawm scanners uas tuaj yeem siv lub teeb dawb, lasers, thiab shading kom ntes tau qhov chaw. Terrestrial medium-ntau laser scanning (TLS) tau tsim los ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj pab rau cov haujlwm no yog los ntawm US tsoom fwv cov koom haum xws li Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog rau xyoo 90, thaum cov thev naus laus zis tau lees paub tias yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Kev tawg thaum nws los txog rau kev ua lag luam 3D laser scanning (6) yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm TLS systems raws li triangulation. Cov cuab yeej hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm Xin Chen rau Mensi, nrhiav tau hauv 1987 los ntawm Auguste D'Aligny thiab Michel Paramitioti.

5. Thawj daim duab luam tawm los ntawm SEAC scanner

6. Visualization ntawm TLS hauv av-raws li scanning laser

1963 German inventor Rudolph Ad sawv cev rau lwm qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab, chromograph, tau piav qhia hauv kev tshawb fawb raws li "thawj scanner hauv keeb kwm" (txawm tias nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog thawj cov khoom lag luam ntawm nws hom hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv). Xyoo 1965 nws tau tsim cov khoom siv thawj lub tshuab ntaus ntawv hluav taws xob nrog lub cim xeeb digital (lub computer kit) revolutionized kev lag luam luam ntawv thoob ntiaj teb.. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thawj "digital compositor" tau qhia - Digiset. Rudolf Hella's DC 300 kev lag luam scanner los ntawm 1971 tau raug qhuas tias yog lub ntiaj teb-chav scanner breakthrough.

7. Inventor ntawm Kurzweil nyeem tshuab.

1974 pib OCR cov khoom sivraws li peb paub niaj hnub no. Nws tau tsim tsa thaum ntawd Kurzweil Computer Khoom, Inc. Tom qab ntawd lub npe hu ua futurist thiab txhawb nqa ntawm "kev siv thev naus laus zis", nws tau tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab paub txog cov cim thiab cov cim. Nws lub tswv yim yog tsim lub tshuab nyeem ntawv rau cov neeg dig muag, uas tso cai rau cov neeg tsis pom kev nyeem ntawv los ntawm lub computer.

Ray Kurzweil thiab nws pab neeg tsim Kurzweil lub tshuab nyeem ntawv (7) thiab Omni-Font OCR Technology software. Cov software no yog siv los paub txog cov ntawv ntawm cov khoom scanned thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv. Nws txoj kev siv zog tau coj mus rau kev txhim kho ob txoj hauv kev uas tom qab thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Hais txog hais lus synthesizer i flatbed scanner.

Kurzweil flatbed scanner los ntawm 70s. tsis muaj ntau tshaj 64 kilobytes ntawm lub cim xeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm, engineers tau txhim kho lub scanner qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab lub peev xwm nco, tso cai rau cov cuab yeej no ntes cov duab mus txog 9600 dpi. Optical duab scanning, cov ntawv nyeem, cov ntaub ntawv sau los yog cov khoom thiab hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov duab digital tau dav dav hauv 90s thaum ntxov.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5400, flatbed scanners tau dhau los ua cov khoom pheej yig thiab txhim khu kev qha, ua ntej rau cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tom qab ntawd rau tsev (feem ntau suav nrog fax tshuab, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab tshuab luam ntawv). Nws yog qee zaum hu ua reflective scanning. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm illuminating cov khoom scanned nrog lub teeb dawb thiab nyeem qhov siv thiab xim ntawm lub teeb pom los ntawm nws. Tsim los luam theej duab lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tus, opaque, lawv muaj qhov kho tau sab saum toj, uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim haum cov phau ntawv loj, ntawv xov xwm, thiab ntau dua. .

1994 3D Scanners tab tom tsim cov tshuaj hu ua REPLICA. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws ua tau sai thiab raug txheeb xyuas cov khoom thaum tswj xyuas cov ntsiab lus siab. Ob xyoos tom qab, tib lub tuam txhab tau muab Cov txheej txheem ModelMaker (8), touted raws li thawj cov txheej txheem meej rau "nrhiav cov khoom XNUMXD tiag".

2013 Apple koom nrog Touch ID ntiv tes scanners (9) rau cov smartphones nws tsim. Lub kaw lus tau koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv iOS no, tso cai rau cov neeg siv los qhib lub cuab yeej, nrog rau kev yuav khoom los ntawm ntau lub khw Apple digital (iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore) thiab txheeb xyuas Apple Pay them nyiaj. Hauv xyoo 2016, Samsung Galaxy Note 7 lub koob yees duab nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nruab tsis tau tsuas yog nrog lub scanner ntiv tes xwb, tab sis kuj nrog lub iris scanner.

8. Ib qho ntawm 3D ModelMaker scanner qauv

9. Kov ID scanner ntawm iPhone

Scanner kev faib tawm

Lub scanner yog ib qho cuab yeej siv los nyeem tsis tu ncua: ib daim duab, barcode lossis magnetic code, xov tooj cua nthwv dej, thiab lwm yam rau hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog digital). Lub scanner scans cov kwj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nyeem lossis sau npe rau lawv.

Yog li nws tsis yog tus nyeem ntawv ib txwm, tab sis tus nyeem ib kauj ruam dhau los (piv txwv li, lub tshuab luam ntawv duab tsis ntes tag nrho cov duab ntawm ib lub sijhawm zoo li lub koob yees duab ua, tab sis hloov sau cov kab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov duab - yog li lub scanner nyeem. lub taub hau txav mus, los yog qhov nruab nrab yog scanned hauv qab).

optical scanner

Optical scanner hauv computers ib qho khoom siv peripheral uas hloov cov duab zoo li qub ntawm cov khoom tiag (piv txwv li, nplooj, saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tib neeg retina) rau hauv daim ntawv digital rau kev ua haujlwm hauv computer. Lub khoos phis tawj cov ntaub ntawv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev luam ntawm cov duab yog hu ua scan. Optical scanners yog siv rau kev npaj ua duab (DTP), kev sau ntawv ntawm tes, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv qub, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam.

Hom ntawm optical scanners:

  • handheld scanner
  • flatbed scanner
  • nruas scanner
  • swb scanner
  • zaj duab xis scanner
  • Barcode Scanner
  • 3D scanner (spatial)
  • phau ntawv scanner
  • daim iav scanner
  • prism scanner
  • fiber ntau optic scanner

Sib Nqus

Cov neeg nyeem no muaj lub taub hau uas nyeem cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau sau rau ntawm kab hlau nplaum. Qhov no yog li cas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, piv txwv li, ntawm feem ntau daim npav them nyiaj.

Cov

Tus neeg nyeem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub kaw lus ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li, ntawm lwm yam, tus neeg siv computer tau tso cai siv daim npav digital.

Xov tooj cua

Lub xov tooj cua nyeem ntawv (RFID) nyeem cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv qhov khoom. Feem ntau, qhov ntau ntawm tus nyeem ntawv zoo li no yog los ntawm ob peb mus rau ob peb centimeters, txawm hais tias cov neeg nyeem nrog ntau ntawm ntau kaum ntawm centimeters kuj nrov. Vim lawv qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv, lawv tau hloov pauv cov kev daws teeb meem sib nqus nyeem ntawv, piv txwv li hauv kev tswj hwm kev nkag.

Ntxiv ib saib