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Cov nyhuv ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob rau cov kab mob nyob yog ntsuas hauv cov chav hu ua sieverts (Sv). Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo hluav taws xob koob tshuaj los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso yog 2,4 millisieverts (mSv). Nrog X-rays, peb tau txais ib koob tshuaj ntawm 0,7 mSv, thiab ib xyoos nyob hauv ib lub tsev tsis muaj zog ntawm granite substrate yog txuam nrog ib koob ntawm 20 mSv. Hauv lub nroog Iranian ntawm Ramsar (ntau dua 30 tus neeg nyob hauv), qhov koob tshuaj txhua xyoo yog 300 mSv. Hauv cov cheeb tsam sab nraud ntawm Fukushima NPP, cov pa phem tshaj plaws tam sim no mus txog 20 mSv ib xyoos.

Cov hluav taws xob tau txais nyob rau thaj tsam tam sim ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag nce qhov koob tshuaj txhua xyoo tsawg dua 0,001 mSv.

Tsis muaj leej twg tuag los ntawm cov hluav taws xob ionizing tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm Fukushima-XNUMX kev sib tsoo. Yog li, qhov kev tshwm sim tsis raug cais raws li kev puas tsuaj (uas yuav tsum ua rau muaj tsawg kawg yog rau tus neeg tuag), tab sis raws li kev lag luam loj.

Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob nuclear, kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev huam yuaj ntawm Fukushima, kev khiav tawm raug txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam 20-kilometer nyob ib ncig ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau txuas mus rau 30 km. Ntawm 220 txhiab tus neeg los ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob tau raug txheeb xyuas.

Cov menyuam yaus hauv cheeb tsam Fukushima tsis muaj kev phom sij. Hauv pab pawg ntawm 11 cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab tshaj plaws, cov koob tshuaj rau cov thyroid caj pas yog li ntawm 5 txog 35 mSv, uas sib raug rau ib koob tshuaj rau tag nrho lub cev ntawm 0,2 txog 1,4 mSv. Lub koom haum International Atomic Energy pom zoo rau kev tswj hwm ntawm iodine ruaj khov ntawm cov thyroid koob tshaj 50 mSv. Rau kev sib piv: raws li US cov qauv tam sim no, koob tshuaj tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw cais yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 3000 mSv rau cov thyroid caj pas. Hauv tebchaws Poland, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm 2004 pom zoo rau kev tswj hwm kev npaj iodine ruaj khov yog tias ib tus neeg los ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj nqus ntawm yam tsawg kawg 100 mSv rau cov thyroid caj pas. Thaum noj tshuaj qis dua, tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias txawm tias qhov hluav taws xob nce ib ntus thaum lub sij hawm Fukushima kev huam yuaj, qhov kawg ntawm hluav taws xob qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev huam yuaj yog negligible. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kaw sab nraum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tshaj qhov kev tso cai txhua xyoo los ntawm ob peb zaug. Cov kev nce no yeej tsis kav ntev tshaj li ib hnub thiab yog li ntawd tsis cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pejxeem. Txoj cai tswjfwm hais tias txhawm rau ua rau muaj kev hem thawj, lawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm saum tus qauv rau ib xyoos.

Thawj cov neeg nyob hauv rov qab mus rau thaj chaw khiav tawm ntawm 30 thiab 20 km ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsuas yog rau lub hlis tom qab qhov xwm txheej.

Cov pa phem ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw sab nraum Fukushima-2012 NPP tam sim no (hauv 20) nce mus txog 1 mSv ib xyoos. Cov kab mob kis tau raug tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av, plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm decontamination yog kom txo tau cov koob tshuaj mus sij hawm ntev ntxiv hauv qab XNUMX mSv.

Lub Nyij Pooj Atomic Energy Commission tau suav tias txawm tias tom qab suav cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog av qeeg thiab tsunami, suav nrog cov nqi khiav tawm, them nyiaj thiab tshem tawm ntawm Fukushima NPP, lub zog nuclear tseem yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog hauv Nyiv.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev sib kis nrog cov khoom fission txo nrog lub sijhawm, txij li txhua lub atom, tom qab emitting hluav taws xob, yuav tsum tsis muaj xov tooj cua. Yog li ntawd, dhau sij hawm, radioactive contamination ntog los ntawm nws tus kheej yuav luag rau xoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov pa phem feem ntau tsis decompose thiab, yog tias tsis muab pov tseg, tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus mus txog ntau lab xyoo.

Tau qhov twg los: National Center for Nuclear Research.