Generator breakdowns - cov cim qhia, kuaj mob, ua rau, kuaj
Txheem
Kev tawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb muaj ntau heev thiab nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv cov npe ntawm kev tawg. Lawv tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua kev sib cais ntawm cov peev txheej tam sim no (cov roj teeb, lub tshuab hluav taws xob) thiab kev tawg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom (optics, ignition, huab cua, thiab lwm yam). Main Lub tsheb lub zog qhov chaw yog roj teeb thiab alternators.. kev tawg ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj dav dav ntawm lub tsheb thiab nws txoj kev ua haujlwm hauv cov qauv txawv txav, lossis txawm tias mus rau lub tsheb immobilization.
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb, lub roj teeb thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv unbreakable tandem. Yog tias ib qho ua tsis tiav, tom qab ib ntus lwm tus yuav ua tsis tiav. Piv txwv li, lub roj teeb tawg ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov nqi them tam sim no ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Thiab qhov no entails ib tug tawg ntawm lub rectifier (diode choj). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm lub voltage regulator los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub them tam sim no yuav nce, uas yuav inevitably ua rau ib tug systematic recharge ntawm lub roj teeb, "boiling" ntawm cov electrolyte, sai sai kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim hlau thiab. tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub roj teeb.
Common generator tsis ua haujlwm:
- hnav los yog puas rau lub pulley;
- hnav cov txhuam hniav tam sim no;
- khaub ncaws hnav (slip rings);
- kev puas tsuaj rau lub voltage regulator;
- kaw cov lem ntawm stator winding;
- hnav lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kabmob;
- kev puas tsuaj rau lub rectifier (diode choj);
- kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab hluav taws xob charger.
Feem ntau cov roj teeb tsis ua haujlwm:
- luv Circuit Court ntawm roj teeb electrodes / daim hlau;
- mechanical lossis tshuaj puas tsuaj rau cov roj teeb daim hlau;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov nruj ntawm cov roj teeb cov kaus poom - cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov ntaub ntawv roj teeb vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog kev teeb tsa tsis raug;
- Cov tshuaj oxidation ntawm lub roj teeb terminals, lub ntsiab ua rau cov malfunctions yog:
- tag nrho kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- tas sij hawm ntawm kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom;
- ntau yam kev raug mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev rau tus tsav tsheb paub Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tsis zoo, txoj kev tshem tawm lawv, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev tawg.
Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib txawv и tso npe. Niaj hnub nimno cov neeg nrog caij tsheb yog nruab nrog alternators nrog ib tug built-in diode choj (rectifier). Qhov tom kawg yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov tam sim no rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha, uas lub tsheb cov neeg siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Lub rectifier feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub hau lossis vaj tsev ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab yog ib qho nrog tom kawg.
Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb yog tsim los rau cov kev txwv nruj me ntsis ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, kev khiav hauj lwm voltages yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 13,8-14,8 V. Vim lub fact tias lub generator yog "tied" nrog ib tug siv rau lub crankshaft ntawm lub internal combustion engine, los ntawm txawv revolutions thiab tsheb ceev, nws yuav ua haujlwm txawv. Nws yog rau smoothing thiab tswj cov zis tam sim no uas lub relay-voltage regulator yog npaj, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug stabilizer thiab tiv thaiv ob surges thiab dips nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm voltage. Niaj hnub nimno generators yog nruab nrog built-in integrated voltage regulators, colloquially hu ua "chocolate" los yog "pill".
Nws twb paub meej tias txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog ib chav tsev nyuaj, tseem ceeb heev rau txhua lub tsheb.
Hom generator faults
Vim lub fact tias ib tug generator yog ib tug electromechanical ntaus ntawv, yuav muaj ob hom malfunctions, ntsig txog - tshuab и hluav taws xob.
Cov qub muaj xws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm fasteners, vaj tse, kev cuam tshuam ntawm bearings, clamping springs, siv txoj siv sia, thiab lwm yam kev ua tsis tiav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov hluav taws xob.
Cov teeb meem hluav taws xob muaj xws li kev tawg ntawm lub windings, kev tawg ntawm tus choj diode, burnout / hnav ntawm cov txhuam, cuam tshuam luv luv Circuit Court, tawg, rotor ntaus, tawg ntawm relay-regulator.
Feem ntau, cov tsos mob qhia tias tus yam ntxwv faulty generator kuj tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb meem sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, kev sib cuag tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob fuse ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob excitation Circuit Court yuav qhia txog kev tawg ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tib qhov kev ua xyem xyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kev sib cuag kub hnyiab hauv lub ignition lock vaj tse. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hluav taws kub tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis ua hauj lwm qhov taw qhia teeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm relay, lub blinking ntawm lub teeb hloov no yuav qhia tau tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawg ntawm oscillator:
- Thaum lub combustion engine khiav, lub roj teeb tawm qhov taw qhia teeb flashes (los yog lub teeb tsis tu ncua).
- Tshem tawm sai lossis rov ua dua (boil-off) ntawm lub roj teeb.
- Dim lub teeb ntawm lub tshuab taub hau, rattling los yog ntsiag to suab teeb liab thaum lub cav khiav.
- Ib qho tseem ceeb hloov nyob rau hauv lub brightness ntawm lub taub hau nrog ib tug nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm revolutions. Qhov no tuaj yeem tso cai nrog kev nce hauv kev nrawm (rov pib dua) los ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm, tab sis lub teeb taub hau, muaj teeb ci ntsa iab, yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom lawv ci ntsa iab ntxiv, tshuav ntawm tib qhov kev siv.
- Extraneous sounds (howling, squeaking) los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
qhov nro thiab qhov dav dav ntawm txoj siv tsav yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua. Cracks thiab delaminations yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab hluav taws xob
Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau hais tseg, nws yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm kho. Pib tshawb nrhiav lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho cov khoom siv hauv Is Taws Nem, koj yuav tsum npaj rau kev poob siab - cov khoom siv feem ntau muaj cov ntxhua khaub ncaws, bolts thiab txiv ntseej. Thiab qee zaum koj tuaj yeem xa rov qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv - txhuam, tus choj diode, tus tswj hwm ... Yog li ntawd, tus txiv neej siab tawv uas txiav txim siab los kho cov khoom siv kho tus kheej los ntawm cov khoom uas haum nws lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws zoo ib yam li cov lus hauv qab no, siv cov piv txwv ntawm ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau VAZ 2110 thiab Ford Focus 2.
| Generator KZATE 9402.3701-03 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nthuav dav | Catalog tus naj npawb | Ена (руб.) |
| Txhuam | 1127014022 | 105 |
| Kev tswj qhov hluav taws xob | 844.3702 | 580 |
| Diode choj | BVO4-105-01 | 500 |
| Bearings | 6303 thiab 6203 | 345 |
| Generator Bosch 0 986 041 850 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nthuav dav | Catalog tus naj npawb | Ена (руб.) |
| Txhuam | 140371 | 30 |
| txhuam tuav | 235607 | 245 |
| Kev tswj qhov hluav taws xob | IN6601 | 1020 |
| Diode choj | PIB 431 | 1400 |
| Bearings | 140084 thiab 140093 | 140 / 200 rub |
Kev daws teeb meem
Ntawm cov tsheb niaj hnub no, kev siv txoj kev kuaj mob "laus" los ntawm kev tso lub roj teeb ntawm lub roj teeb lub davhlau ya nyob twg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ntau lub tsheb hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb voltage poob rau ntawm lub tsheb hauv lub network tuaj yeem cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub nkoj. Tias yog vim li cas cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yeej ib txwm kuaj xyuas tsuas yog ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob hauv lub network lossis kuaj xyuas qhov tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, qhov voltage ntawm lub roj teeb terminals yog ntsuas, lub internal combustion engine yog pib thiab nyeem ntawv twb npaum li cas nrog lub cav khiav. Ua ntej pib, qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum yog li 12 V, tom qab pib - los ntawm 13,8 mus rau 14,8 V. Ib qho kev sib txawv nce siab qhia tau tias muaj "recharge", uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm relay-regulator, mus rau ib qho me me - tsis muaj tam sim no. ntws. Qhov tsis muaj kev them nqi tam sim no qhia generator tawg los yog chains.
Cov ua rau muaj tawg
Common ua rau generator malfunctions Nws tsuas yog hnav thiab tsim kua muag thiab corrosion. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, txawm tias nws yuav hnav txhuam hniav lossis cov kabmob sib tsoo, yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog kaw (kev tu-dawb) bearings, uas tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hloov tom qab qee lub sijhawm lossis mais ntawm lub tsheb. Tib yam siv rau qhov hluav taws xob - feem ntau cov khoom yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho.
kuj cov laj thawj tuaj yeem yog:
- tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom;
- ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm sab nraud ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm cov qauv ib txwm muaj;
- ua rau sab nraud (ntsev, kua, kub, tshuaj lom neeg, av).
Kev kuaj tus kheej lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kuaj lub fuse. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab nws qhov chaw raug tshuaj xyuas. Kev sib hloov dawb ntawm lub rotor raug kuaj xyuas, kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj siv, xov hlau, vaj tse. Yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, cov txhuam hniav thiab cov ntiv tes xoo raug kuaj xyuas. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov txhuam hniav tsis tuaj yeem hnav tawm, lawv tuaj yeem jam, warp, thiab lub nplhaib ntiv nplhaib grooves ua clogged nrog graphite hmoov av. Ib qho kev qhia meej ntawm qhov no yog qhov ci ntsa iab ntau dhau.
Muaj ntau zaus ntawm kev hnav lossis tawg ntawm ob qho tib si bearings thiab stator tsis ua haujlwm.
Qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov kabmob hnav. Ib qho cim ntawm qhov kev tawg no yog lub suab nrov lossis xuav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev. Tau kawg, cov bearings yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd los yog sim rov tsim kho nrog kev tu thiab lubrication. Ib txoj siv hlua xoob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub alternator khiav tsis zoo. Ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia tej zaum yuav yog lub suab nrov nrov los ntawm hauv qab lub hood thaum lub tsheb nrawm lossis nrawm.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov excitation winding ntawm lub rotor rau luv luv-circuited lem los yog so, koj yuav tsum tau txuas ib tug multimeter hloov mus rau kev ntsuas ntsuas hom rau ob lub voj voog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv ib txwm yog los ntawm 1,8 mus rau 5 ohms. Qhov kev nyeem hauv qab no qhia tias muaj qhov luv luv hauv qhov lem; saum toj no - ib tug ncaj qha so nyob rau hauv lub winding.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov stator winding rau "kev puas tsuaj rau hauv av", lawv yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ntawm lub rectifier unit. Nrog rau kev nyeem ntawv tsis kam muab los ntawm multimeter muaj tus nqi loj infinitely, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias stator windings tsis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub tsev ("hauv av").
Lub multimeter yog siv los ntsuam xyuas cov diodes hauv chav tsev rectifier (tom qab tag nrho disconnecting ntawm stator windings). Kev xeem hom yog "diode test". Qhov kev sojntsuam zoo yog txuas nrog qhov ntxiv lossis rho tawm ntawm lub rectifier, thiab qhov kev sojntsuam tsis zoo txuas nrog rau theem tso zis. Tom qab ntawd, cov kev sojntsuam yog interchanged. Yog hais tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyeem ntawv ntawm lub multimeter txawv heev los ntawm yav dhau los sawv daws yuav, lub diode ua hauj lwm, yog hais tias lawv tsis txawv, nws yog faulty. kuj yog ib qho kos npe uas qhia txog qhov yuav tshwm sim "tuag" ntawm tus choj diode ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog oxidation ntawm cov neeg sib cuag, thiab yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog overheating ntawm lub radiator.
Kho thiab daws teeb meem
Tag nrho Mechanical teeb meem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom tsis raug thiab qhov chaw ( txhuam, siv, bearings, thiab lwm yam) rau cov tshiab los yog pab tau. Ntawm cov qauv qub ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov hlua khi feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua tshuab. Tsav tsheb siv tau hloov vim hnav, qhov siab tshaj plaws ncab lossis qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej kev pabcuam. Kev puas tsuaj rotor lossis stator windings, tam sim no lawv tau hloov nrog cov tshiab los ua ke. Rewinding, txawm hais tias nws pom ntawm cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg kho tsheb, yog tsawg thiab tsawg dua - nws yog kim thiab siv tsis tau.
Thiab yog tag nrho teeb meem hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob txiav txim los ntawm kev kuaj xyuaszoo li lwm tus cov ntsiab lus Circuit Court (xws li, roj teeb), yog li thiab precisely nws cov ntsiab lus thiab tso zis voltage. Ib qho teeb meem feem ntau cov tswv tsheb ntsib yog overcharge, los yog vice versa, generator tsawg voltage. Kev kuaj xyuas thiab hloov qhov hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob lossis tus choj diode yuav pab tshem tawm thawj qhov kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws yuav nyuaj me ntsis los daws qhov kev tso tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsawg. Yuav muaj ntau yam laj thawj vim li cas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsawg:
- nce load ntawm onboard network los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom;
- kev tawg ntawm ib qho ntawm cov diodes ntawm tus choj diode;
- tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob;
- V-ribbed siv slippage (vim tsis tshua muaj nro)
- tsis zoo hauv av xaim tiv tauj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob;
- luv luv;
- cog roj teeb.
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