Glider thiab cargo dav hlau: Gotha Go 242 mus 244
Gotha Go 242 Go 244. A Gotha Go 242 A-1 glider towed by a Heinkel He 111 H bomber over the Mediterranean.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm German tub rog parachute xav tau kev lag luam aviation los muab cov khoom siv dav hlau tsim nyog - ob qho tib si thauj thiab dav hlau thauj gliders. Thaum DFS 230 ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau huab cua ua phem glider, uas yuav tsum xa cov neeg tua rog nrog cov khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm tus kheej ncaj qha mus rau lub hom phiaj, nws lub peev xwm nqa qis tsis tso cai rau nws muab nws cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv tsim nyog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo hauv cov yeeb ncuab thaj chaw. Rau hom haujlwm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ib lub dav hlau loj dua nrog kev them nyiaj loj.
Lub dav hlau tshiab, Gotha Go 242, tau tsim los ntawm Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, abbreviated li GWF (Gotha Carriage Joint Stock Company), nrhiav tau thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 1898 los ntawm engineers Botmann thiab Gluck. Thaum pib, cov chaw tsim khoom tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov chaw locomotives, wagons thiab railway accessories. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Aviation (Abteilung Flugzeugbau) tau tsim tsa thaum Lub Ob Hlis 3, 1913, thiab kaum ib lub lis piam tom qab thawj lub dav hlau tau tsim muaj: ob lub rooj zaum tandem-lub rooj tsav tsheb biplane tsim los ntawm Eng. Bruno Bluchner. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, GFW pib tso cai rau Etrich-Rumpler LE 1 Taube (dub). Cov no yog ob, ib lub cav thiab ntau lub hom phiaj monoplane aircraft. Tom qab tsim 10 daim ntawv luam ntawm LE 1, txhim kho cov qauv ntawm LE 2 thiab LE 3, uas tau tsim los ntawm eng. Franz Boenisch thiab eng. Bartel. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov nroj tsuag Gotha tsim 80 Taube aircraft.
Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, ob tus kws tshaj lij engineers, Karl Rösner thiab Hans Burkhard, tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom. Lawv thawj qhov kev sib koom ua ke yog kev hloov kho ntawm Fabkis Caudron G III lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav, yav dhau los tau ntawv tso cai los ntawm GWF. Lub dav hlau tshiab tau txais lub npe LD 4 thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 20 daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd Rösner thiab Burkhard tau tsim ntau lub dav hlau me me thiab naval aircraft, ua hauv me me, tab sis lawv txoj haujlwm tiag tiag pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 27, 1915 nrog lub davhlau ntawm thawj Gotha GI twin-engine bomber, uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau koom nrog Eng. Oscar Ursinus. Lawv txoj haujlwm sib koom ua ke yog cov neeg tawg rog hauv qab no: Gotha G.II, G.III, G.IV thiab GV, uas tau los ua nto moo rau kev koom tes hauv kev tawm tsam ntev ntawm cov hom phiaj nyob hauv Isles Isles. Kev tawm tsam huab cua tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub tshuab ua tsov rog British, tab sis lawv cov kev tshaj tawm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam loj heev.
Thaum pib, Gotha cov chaw ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm 50 tus neeg; Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 1215, thiab lub sijhawm no lub tuam txhab tsim ntau dua 1000 lub dav hlau.
Raws li Treaty of Versailles, cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Gotha raug txwv tsis pub pib thiab txuas ntxiv cov khoom lag luam ntsig txog dav hlau. Rau kaum tsib xyoos tom ntej no, mus txog rau xyoo 1933, GFW tau tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob, diesel cav, wagons thiab cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog ntawm National Socialists thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2, 1933, lub tuam tsev tsim khoom dav hlau raug tshem tawm. Dipl.-eng. Albert Kalkert. Thawj daim ntawv cog lus yog daim ntawv tso cai tsim tawm ntawm Arado Ar 68 kev cob qhia dav hlau. Tom qab Heinkel He 45 thiab He 46 reconnaissance aircraft tau sib sau ua ke hauv Gotha. Calkert tsim lub Gotha Go 145 tus kws qhia ob lub rooj, uas tau ya thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1934. Lub dav hlau ua pov thawj ua tau zoo heev; Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tsawg kawg yog 1182 daim ntawv luam tawm.
Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli 1939, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm Goth lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus los tshiab uas tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom ntim loj dua yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Lub taub hau ntawm pab neeg txhim kho yog Dipl.-Ing. Albert Kalkert. Tus thawj tsim tau ua tiav rau lub Kaum Hlis 25, 1939. Lub airframe tshiab yuav tsum muaj lub fuselage loj nrog tus Tsov tus tw boom nyob rau ntawm nws nraub qaum thiab ib lub thawv loj loj ntsia rau hauv lub hneev upturned.
Tom qab ua kev tshawb fawb theoretical thiab kev sib tham nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1940, nws tau txiav txim siab tias lub nkoj thauj khoom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej lub fuselage yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab jamming thaum tsaws nyob rau hauv ib qho tsis paub, tsis tau muaj dua struts, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom. nqa rau lub nkoj. Nws tau txiav txim siab kom txav lub qhov rooj cargo uas leans upwards mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub fuselage, tab sis qhov no tig tawm tsis yooj yim sua vim hais tias ntawm tus Tsov tus tw boom nrog keels nyob rau hauv lub kawg muab tso rau ntawd. Txoj kev daws teeb meem tau pom sai sai los ntawm ib qho ntawm pab pawg, Ing. Laiber, uas tau thov ib tug tshiab tus Tsov tus tw nrog ib tug ob beam txuas nyob rau hauv lub kawg los ntawm ib tug kab rov tav stabilizer. Qhov no tau tso cai rau lub chaw thau khoom kom muab ntim tau yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb, thiab tseem muaj qhov chaw txaus rau kev thauj khoom tawm ntawm kev tsheb xws li Volkswagen Hom 82 Kübelwagen, rab phom hnyav infantry ntawm 150 mm caliber lossis 105 mm caliber field howitzer.
Qhov project tiav tau nthuav tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1940 rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Reich Aviation Ministry). Thaum pib, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Technisches Amt des RLM (Technical Department of the RLM) nyiam qhov kev sib tw tsim ntawm Deutscher Forschunsanstalt für Segelflug (German Gliding Research Institute), tau xaiv DFS 331. Vim muaj kev sib tw ua tiav ntawm DFS 230 tsaws khoom siv tes ua, DFS thawj zaug muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua los yeej qhov kev sib tw. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1940, RLM tau tso ib qho kev txiav txim rau peb DFS 1940 prototypes thiab ob Go 331 prototypes kom xa los ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis 242 los sib piv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm.
