Nplaim tsom xam ntawm cov yas
Kev tsom xam ntawm plastics - macromolecules nrog cov qauv nyuaj - yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog hauv cov chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv tsev, cov khoom siv hluavtaws nrov tshaj plaws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb cov khoom twg peb tab tom ua nrog (cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv xav tau, piv txwv li, ntau hom kua nplaum rau kev sib koom, thiab cov xwm txheej rau lawv siv kuj txawv).
Rau kev sim, qhov hluav taws kub (nws tuaj yeem yog tswm ciab) thiab cov txhuam los yog cov tweezers los tuav cov qauv yog txaus.
Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb ua raws li qhov tsim nyog ceev faj.:
- peb ua qhov kev sim kom deb ntawm cov khoom tawg;
- peb siv cov qauv me me (nrog thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 1 cm2);
- tus qauv yog tuav nyob rau hauv tweezers;
- nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tau pom dua, ib daim ntaub ntub dej yuav tuaj yeem ua ke los tua hluav taws.
Thaum txheeb xyuas, xyuam xim rau cov ntaub ntawv flammability (txawm tias nws ignites yooj yim thiab kub hnyiab tau thaum tshem tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub), cov xim ntawm cov nplaim taws, cov ntxhiab tsw thiab hom residue tom qab combustion. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus qauv thaum kev txheeb xyuas thiab nws cov tsos mob tom qab tua yuav txawv ntawm cov lus piav qhia nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv (fillers, dyes, reinforcing fibers, thiab lwm yam).
Rau kev sim, peb yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob hauv peb ib puag ncig: daim ntawv ci, lub raj mis thiab cov pob, cov raj, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qee cov khoom, peb tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Muab cov qauv tso rau hauv lub tweezers thiab muab tso rau hauv cov nplaim hluav taws kub:
1. Guma (piv txwv li lub raj sab hauv): cov nplaim hluav taws kub heev thiab tsis tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov nplaim yog xim daj tsaus thiab muaj pa taws heev. Peb hnov cov roj hmab hlawv. Cov residue tom qab combustion yog molten nplaum nplaum. (duab 1)
2. celluloid (piv txwv li ping-pong pob): nplaim taws heev thiab yuav tsis tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov khoom kub hnyiab tau zoo nrog cov nplaim daj daj. Tom qab kub hnyiab, tsis muaj qhov seem seem. (Duab 2)
3. PS polystyrene (piv txwv li yogurt khob): teeb tom qab ib pliag thiab tsis tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov nplaim yog daj-txiv kab ntxwv, cov pa luam yeeb dub tawm ntawm nws, thiab cov khoom muag muag thiab yaj. Qhov tsw qab ntxiag heev. (Duab 3)
4. Polyethylene PE i Polypropylene PP (piv txwv li lub hnab ntawv ci): cov nplaim taws heev thiab tsis tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov nplaim yog daj nrog xiav halo, cov khoom melts thiab ntws. Qhov tsw ntawm burnt paraffin. (Duab 4)
5. Polyvinyl chloride PVC (xws li yeeb nkab): ignites nrog nyuaj thiab feem ntau tawm thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub burner. Cov nplaim yog daj nrog ntsuab halo, qee cov pa luam yeeb tau tawm thiab cov khoom siv tau pom zoo. Hlawv PVC muaj ntxhiab tsw (hydrogen chloride). (Duab 5)
6. Tom ntej: Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA (piv txwv li, ib daim "organic iav"): teeb tom qab ib pliag thiab tsis tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov nplaim yog daj nrog xiav halo; thaum hlawv, cov khoom softens. Muaj ib tug floral tsw. (Duab 6)
7. Poly (ethyl terephthalate) PET (lub raj mis dej qab zib): teeb tom qab ib pliag thiab feem ntau tawm thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub. Cov nplaim yog daj, me ntsis haus luam yeeb. Koj tuaj yeem hnov qhov tsw muaj zog. (Duab 7)
8. Polyamide PA (xws li kab nuv ntses): teeb tom qab ib pliag thiab qee zaum tawm mus thaum tshem tawm ntawm nplaim taws. Cov nplaim yog lub teeb xiav nrog lub taub daj. Cov khoom melts thiab drips. Cov ntxhiab tsw zoo li cov plaub hau hlawv. (Duab 8)
9. Poliveglan PC (piv txwv li CD): teeb tom qab ib pliag thiab qee zaum tawm thaum tshem tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws. Nws hlawv nrog nplaim taws, haus luam yeeb. Cov ntxhiab tsw yog yam ntxwv. (Duab 9)
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Nplaim tsom xam ntawm cov yas
