Pov tseg cov roj cav. Kev sib xyaw thiab kev suav

Khib nyiab hluavtaws thiab semi-synthetic motors

Cov khoom siv roj siv muaj 10 mus rau 30 chemicals. Ntawm lawv yog cov hlau lead, zinc thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav, nrog rau calcium, phosphorus thiab polycyclic organic compounds. Cov khoom zoo li no tiv taus kev lwj, tshuaj lom hauv av, dej, thiab tseem ua rau cov cellular hloov pauv hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tib neeg.

• Mineral roj muaj ib feem ntawm cov roj refining thiab yuav luag tsis muaj additives, stabilizers thiab halogen reagents.
• Semi-synthetic lubricants yog tau los ntawm kev hloov cov roj ntuj los ntawm kev qhia cov additives.
• Synthetic analogues yog cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis.

Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb, lubricating kua muaj xws li alkanes nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau C₁₂ - Nrog₂₀, cyclic aromatic compounds (arenes) thiab naphthene derivatives.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov roj raug cuam tshuam rau thermal stress. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov voj voog organic thiab naphthenes yog oxidized, thiab paraffin chains tawg ua luv luv. Additives, modifiers thiab asphalt-resinous tshuaj precipitate. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, cov roj tsis ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab lub cav ua haujlwm rau kev hnav. Cov khoom pov tseg raug tso tawm rau hauv qhov chaw thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj ib puag ncig.

Recycling and Disposal Methods

Oily pov tseg rov qab yog tias cov txheej txheem yog kev lag luam. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom pov tseg raug hlawv lossis faus. Regeneration txoj kev:

1. Cov tshuaj rov qab - kev kho sulfuric acid, alkaline hydrolysis, kev kho nrog calcium carbide.
2. Lub cev purification - centrifugation, daws, ntau theem pom.
3. Lub cev thiab tshuaj txoj kev - rectification, ion exchange filtration, extraction, adsorption cais, coagulation.

Cov roj pov tseg uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim dua tshiab yog purified los ntawm cov hlau hnyav, dej emulsion, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub. Lub resulting kua yog siv los ua roj rau boiler nroj tsuag. Kev suav cov pov tseg yog ua raws li cov qauv:

М_mmo = K_cl× Cov_в× ρ_м×∑ Vⁱ_м× Kⁱ_pr× N_i× L_i / N osⁱ_L10^-3,

qhov twg: М_mmo - tus nqi ntawm cov roj tau (kg);

К_cl - phiab index;

К_в - kho qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej;

ρ_м - khib nyiab ceev;

Vⁱ_м - tus nqi ntawm lubricating kua ncuav rau hauv lub system;

L_i - mais ntawm chav tsev hydraulic ib xyoos (km);

Нⁱ_L - tus nqi ntawm cov mileage txhua xyoo;

Кⁱ_pr yog lub impurity index;

N_i - tus naj npawb ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kev teeb tsa (lub cav).

Chav kawm tsim kev xwm txheej

Cov kua dej pov tseg los ntawm tsheb, aviation thiab lwm yam lubricants yog cais raws li qhov kev phom sij thib peb. Chemically resistant compounds ntawm naphthenic series ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig. Xws li cyclic reagents ua rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov nroj tsuag DNA, autosomal thiab oncological kab mob hauv tib neeg. Cov hlau hnyav ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj rau lub raum, lub ntsws thiab lwm yam kabmob. Organochlorine thiab organophosphorus tshuaj ntawm nplaim hluav taws nyob rau hauv cov roj hluavtaws provoke hnoos, ua tsis taus pa, thiab nyob rau hauv mob hnyav ua rau ua pa nres. Qhov teeb meem pov tseg ntawm cov roj tsav tsheb yog txo cov pejxeem ntawm cov noog thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Koj lub tsheb siv roj mus qhov twg?