Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank
Cov khoom siv tub rog

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tankNyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1963, lub Bundestag txiav txim siab los tsim loj ntau lawm ntawm lub tank tshiab. Thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam, hu ua "Leopard-1", nkag mus rau hauv lub tank units ntawm Bundeswehr thaum Lub Yim Hli 1963. Tank "Leopard" muaj ib tug classic layout. Nyob rau sab xis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull yog tus neeg tsav tsheb lub rooj zaum, nyob rau hauv lub turret - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub hull lub ntsiab armament ntawm lub tank yog ntsia, lwm yam peb pab neeg coob coob nyob rau hauv no: commander, gunner thiab loader. Nyob rau hauv lub stern yog lub hwj chim compartment nrog lub cav thiab kis tau tus mob. Lub cev ntawm lub tank yog welded los ntawm dov armor daim hlau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness ntawm lub frontal armor ntawm lub hull ncav cuag 70 mm ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 °. Lub tsev cam khwb cia yog tsim nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nws qhov siab qis yog yam ntxwv - 0,82 m rau lub ru tsev thiab 1,04 m mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus thawj coj saib xyuas cov cuab yeej nyob ntawm lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab tsis tseem ceeb ntawm tus pej thuam tsis ua rau txo qis hauv qhov siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Leopard-1 tank, uas yog 1,77 m thiab 1,77 m.

Tab sis qhov hnyav ntawm Leopard turret - txog 9 tons - tau dhau los ua tsawg dua li cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo sib xws (kwv yees li 15 tons). Qhov loj me ntawm lub turret tau yooj yim rau kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm kev taw qhia thiab cov qub turret traverse mechanism, uas tau siv rau ntawm M48 Patton tank. Nyob rau sab xis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm rooj plaub yog tus tsav lub rooj. Sab saum toj nws nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull muaj ib tug hatch, nyob rau hauv lub cover uas peb periscopes mounted. Qhov nruab nrab ib qho yooj yim tshem tawm, thiab lub teeb pom kev tsaus ntuj raug teeb tsa rau hauv nws qhov chaw los tsav lub tank nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis pom kev. Nyob rau sab laug ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub rooj zaum yog ib lub mos txwv khib nrog ib feem ntawm cov mos txwv load, muab lub loader kuj yooj yim nkag mus rau lub mos txwv load ntawm yuav luag txhua txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub turret txheeb ze rau lub tank hull. Lub loader qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv lub turret, rau sab laug ntawm rab phom. Rau kev nkag mus rau lub tank thiab tawm ntawm nws, lub tsheb thauj khoom muaj qhov sib cais ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm tus pej thuam.

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-1" ntawm kev tawm dag zog 

Nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub turret nyob ib sab ntawm lub loader lub hatch, muaj ib tug tank commander thiab gunner lub hatch. Tus neeg tua phom qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub turret ntawm sab xis. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tank nyob me ntsis saum toj thiab qab nws. Lub ntsiab armament ntawm "Leopard" yog lus Askiv 105-mm rifled phom L7AZ. Cov mos txwv load, muaj 60 txhaj tshuaj, suav nrog armor-piercing, sub-caliber shells nrog ib tug detachable pallet, cumulative thiab armor-piercing high-explosive shells nrog yas explosives. Ib rab phom tshuab 7,62-mm yog ua ke nrog rab phom loj, thiab qhov thib ob yog mounted ntawm lub turret nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub loader lub hatch. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub pej thuam mounted grenade launchers rau teeb cov pa luam yeeb cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Tus neeg tua phom siv lub stereoscopic monocular rangefinder thiab telescopic pom, thiab tus thawj coj siv lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas yog hloov los ntawm infrared hmo ntuj.

Lub tank muaj kev txav mus los tau zoo, uas tau lees paub los ntawm kev siv 10-lub tog raj kheej V-shaped multi-fuel diesel cav MV 838 Ka M500 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 830 liters. Nrog. ntawm 2200 rpm thiab hydromechanical kis tau tus mob 4NR 250. Lub chassis ntawm lub tank (on board) muaj xws li 7 khiav rollers ua los ntawm lub teeb alloys nrog ib tug ywj siab torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv, ib tug rear-mounted tsav log, pem hauv ntej-mounted kauj kauj thiab ob tug txhawb nqa. rollers. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntsug txav ntawm txoj kev log ntawm lub tank hull yog tswj los ntawm limiters. Hydraulic shock absorbers yog txuas nrog lub balancers ntawm thawj, thib ob, thib peb, thib rau thiab xya ncua kev ncua. Cov lem ntawm cov lem yog nruab nrog cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab, uas ua rau lub tank txav mus raws txoj kev loj yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov txheej. "Leopard-1" yog nruab nrog lub tshuab lim cua uas ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj rau 24 teev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsav tsheb hauv qab dej, dej teeb meem txog li 4 m tob tuaj yeem kov yeej kev sib txuas lus yog ua los ntawm 5EM 25 xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb, uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau zaus (26-70 MHz) ntawm 880 raws, 10 ntawm uas yog programmable. Thaum siv cov kav hlau txais xov txheem, kev sib txuas lus ntau txog 35 km. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm Leopard-1 tank, nws cov phased modernization tau ua. Thawj cov qauv tshiab tau txais lub npe "Leopard-1A1" (1845 lub tsheb tau tsim nyob rau hauv plaub series). Lub tank yog nruab nrog ob lub dav hlau tseem ceeb armament stabilizer, rab phom phom yog them nrog lub tshav kub-insulating casing.

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-1".

Rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hull, sab bulwarks yog ntsia. Rubber pads tshwm rau ntawm kab ntsig kab. Tank "Leopard-1A1A1" yog txawv los ntawm lwm yam armor ntawm lub pej thuam, ua los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Blom und Voss". kev sib txuas. Ib qho armor phaj tseem welded rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ru tsev turret. Tag nrho cov no coj mus rau qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tank los ntawm txog 800 kg. A1A1 series tshuab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb silhouette uas ua rau lawv paub yooj yim.

Tom qab theem tom ntej ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, Leopard-1A2 qauv tshwm sim (342 lub tsheb tau tsim). Lawv txawv los ntawm kev txhawb nqa armor ntawm lub cam khwb cia turret, nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub teeb pom kev tsaus ntuj yam tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo es tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv yav dhau los siv los ntawm tus thawj coj tank thiab tsav tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cav cua lim thiab lub tshuab lim cua rau kev tiv thaiv riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj tau raug txhim kho. Sab nraud, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm A1 thiab A2 series yog qhov nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv. Leopard-1AZ tank (110 units tsim) muaj ib tug tshiab welded turret nrog spaced armor. Cov pej thuam tshiab tau tso cai tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev tiv thaiv zoo xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua kom qhov loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua vim yog lub niche loj hauv nws lub nraub qaum. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub niche tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuas tag nrho cov pej thuam. Lub periscope tshwm sim ntawm qhov pov tseg ntawm lub loader, tso cai rau kev pom kev ncig. Leopard-1A4 qauv (250 tso tsheb hlau luam tsim) yog nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab, suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev sib xyaw ua ke (hnub thiab hmo ntuj) tus thawj coj pom kev pom zoo nrog P12 kab pom kev ruaj khov, thiab tus neeg tua phom loj pom nrog ib qho EMEZ 12A1 stereoscopic rangefinder nrog 8- thiab 16x magnification.

Los ntawm 1992, lub Bundeswehr tau txais 1300 Leopard-1A5 tsheb, uas yog ib tug ntxiv modernization ntawm Leopard-1A1 thiab Leopard-1A2 qauv. Lub tank kho dua tshiab yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub ntau dua ntawm kev tswj hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg tua phom pom nrog lub laser rangefinder built-in thiab lub thermal imaging channel. Qee qhov kev txhim kho tau ua rau cov phom stabilizer. Nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, nws muaj peev xwm hloov tau 105-mm rifled phom nrog ib tug du-bore 120-mm caliber.

Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-1" / "Leopard-1A4"

Kev sib ntaus hnyav, т39,6/42,5
Cov neeg coob, neeg4
Qhov ntev, hli:
ntev nrog phom rau pem hauv ntej9543
dav3250
qhov siab2390
kev nyav440
Armor, hli
lub hauv pliaj550-600
sab qab25-35
stern25
pej thuam hauv pliaj700
sab, stern ntawm tus pej thuam200
Tub rog:
 105-mm phom phom L7AZ; ob rab phom 7,62-mm
Boek set:
 60, 5500 hli
Lub cavMV 838 Ka M500,10, 830-lub tog raj kheej, diesel, hwj chim 2200 hp Nrog. ntawm XNUMX rpm
Tej qhov av siab, kg / cm0,88/0,92
Kev loj ceev km / h65
Cruising ntawm txoj kev loj K600
Tiv thaiv obstacles:
phab ntsa qhov siab, м1,15
qhov dav dav, м3,0
nkoj tob, м2,25

Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Leopard-1 tank, ib tsev neeg ntawm armored tsheb rau ntau lub hom phiaj tau tsim, nrog rau Gepard ZSU, Standard armored kho thiab rov qab tsheb, lub tank choj txheej, thiab lub Pioneerpanzer-2 sapper tank. Kev tsim ntawm Leopard-1 tank tau ua tiav zoo rau kev lag luam tub rog German. Ntau lub tebchaws tau xaj cov tshuab no hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes lossis tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau lawv cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej lub hauv paus. Tam sim no, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm hom no tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Greece, Ltalis, Holland, Norway, Switzerland, Qaib ntxhw thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub teb chaws Yelemees. Leopard-1 tso tsheb hlau luam ua pov thawj ua tau zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab qhov no yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaws tau teev tseg saum toj no, tau pib rov tsim lawv cov tub rog hauv av, tig lawv lub qhov muag mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov chaw tsheb tshiab tshwm sim - Leopard-2 tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab txij thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1994, "Leopard-2A5".

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-2" 

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub thib peb tom qab tsov rog tiam tank pib nyob rau hauv 1967 raws li ib feem ntawm lub MBT-70 project ua ke nrog rau lub tebchaws United States. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tau pom tseeb tias vim muaj kev tsis pom zoo tas li thiab tus nqi nce zuj zus, qhov project yuav tsis raug siv. Thaum poob kev txaus siab rau kev sib koom ua ke, cov neeg German tau siv zog rau lawv tus kheej lub tank sim KRG-70, uas tau hu ua "Kyler". Hauv lub tsheb no, German cov kws tshaj lij tau siv ntau qhov kev tsim qauv pom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom tes. Xyoo 1970, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Tebchaws Meskas thaum kawg tau txav mus los tsim lawv lub tebchaws tso tsheb hlau luam.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ob versions ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua - nrog cannon riam phom ("Leopard-2K") thiab nrog anti-tank missile riam phom ("Leopard-2RK"). Xyoo 1971, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Leopard-2RK tank tau nres, thiab los ntawm 1973, 16 hulls thiab 17 turrets ntawm Leopard-2K tank tau tsim los rau kev sim. Kaum tus qauv tau ua tub rog nrog rab phom 105 hli, thiab tus so nrog 120 hli smoothbore. Ob lub tsheb muaj hydropneumatic ncua kev kawm ntawv, tab sis torsion tuav tau xaiv thaum kawg.

Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, kev pom zoo tau xaus ntawm FRG thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm lawv cov kev pabcuam tank. Nws muab rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam tseem ceeb, mos txwv, tswj hluav taws xob, cav, kis tau tus mob thiab lem. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus no, ib tug tshiab version ntawm Leopard tank tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub hull thiab turret uas spaced multi-txheej armor tau siv, thiab ib tug tshiab hluav taws xob tswj system raug ntsia. Xyoo 1976, kev sib piv ntawm lub tank no nrog American XM1 tau ua tiav. Tom qab Asmeskas tsis kam lees txais Leopard-2 ua ib lub tank NATO nkaus xwb, German Ministry of Defense hauv xyoo 1977 tau tso cai rau kev tsim 800 lub tshuab ntawm hom no. Serial zus tau tej cov Leopard-2 lub ntsiab tank pib nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub factories ntawm Krauss-Maffei (lub ntsiab lus cog lus) thiab Krupp-Mack Maschinenbau.

Lawv tsim 990 thiab 810 ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, raws li, uas tau xa mus rau hauv av rog los ntawm 1979 mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1987, thaum Leopard-2 kev tsim khoom rau cov tub rog German ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1988-1990, ib qho kev txiav txim ntxiv tau muab tso rau zus tau tej cov 150 Leopard-2A4 tsheb, uas yuav tsum tau hloov lub Leopard-1A4 tso tsheb hlau luam muag rau Qaib Cov Txwv. Tom qab ntawd lwm 100 units raug txiav txim - lub sij hawm no tiag tiag cov zaum kawg. Txij li thaum xyoo 1990, kev tsim cov "Leopards" tau raug txiav tawm, txawm li cas los xij, cov tsheb muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog tau raug kho tshiab, tsim rau lub sijhawm mus txog 2000. Nws suav nrog ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv armor ntawm lub hull thiab turret, txhim kho lub tank cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj hwm, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov chav nyob hauv qab. Tam sim no, German Ground Forces muaj 2125 Leopard-2 tso tsheb hlau luam, uas tau nruab nrog tag nrho cov tub rog tank.

Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank

Serial qauv ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-2A5".

Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank "Leopard-2" / "Leopard-2A5"

 

Kev sib ntaus hnyav, т55,2-62,5
Cov neeg coob, neeg4
Qhov ntev, hli:
ntev nrog phom rau pem hauv ntej9668
dav3700
qhov siab2790
kev nyav490
Armor, hli
lub hauv pliaj 550-700
sab qab 100
stern tsis muaj ntaub ntawv
pej thuam hauv pliaj 700-1000
sab, stern ntawm tus pej thuam 200-250
Tub rog:
 anti-projectile 120-mm smoothbore phom Rh-120; ob rab phom 7,62 mm
Boek set:
 42 txhaj tshuaj, 4750 MV rounds
Lub cav12-lub tog raj kheej, V-shaped-MB 873 Ka-501, turbocharged, lub zog 1500 HP Nrog. ntawm 2600 rpm
Tej qhov av siab, kg / cm0,85
Kev loj ceev km / h72
Cruising ntawm txoj kev loj K550
Tiv thaiv obstacles:
phab ntsa qhov siab, м1,10
qhov dav dav, м3,0
nkoj tob, м1,0/1,10

Nyeem kuj:

  • Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank German tank Leopard 2A7 +
  • Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tankTank rau export
  • Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tankTank "Leopard". Lub teb chaws Yelemees. A. Merkel.
  • Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tankMuag Leopards rau Saudi Arabia
  • Leopard lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tankDer Spiegel: hais txog Lavxias teb sab technology

Qhov chaw:

  • JFLehmanns Verlag 1972 "Sib ntaus sib tua Tank Leopard";
  • G.L. Kholyavsky "Lub Encyclopedia Tag Nrho ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tank 1915 - 2000";
  • Nikolsky M.V., Rastopshin M.M. "Tanks" Leopard ";
  • Dariusz Uzycki, IGor Witkowski “Tank Leopard 2 [Arms Review 1]”;
  • Michael Jerhel, Peter Sarson "Tus Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank";
  • Thomas Laber “Leopard 1 thiab 2. Tus Spearheads ntawm West German Armored Forces”;
  • Frank Lobitz "Lub Leopard 1 MBT nyob rau hauv German pab tub rog: Xyoo lig";
  • Серия – Riam phom Arsenal Tshwj Xeeb Volume Sp-17 "Leopard 2A5, Euro-Leopard 2";
  • Leopard 2 Mobility thiab Hluav Taws Xob [Sib ntaus sib tua Tank 01];
  • Finnish Leopards [Tankograd International Tshwj Xeeb №8005];
  • Canadian Leopard 2A6M YUAV TSUM [Tankograd International Tshwj Xeeb №8002];
  • Miloslav Hraban “Leopard 2A5 [Tau Ib puag ncig]”;
  • Schiffer Publishing "Lub Tsev Neeg Leopard".

 

Ntxiv ib saib