ORP Grom - kev npaj thiab kev siv
ORP Thunder ntawm txoj kev hauv Gdynia.
Ntxiv rau 80th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsa chij, Tsib Hlis 4 yog lwm hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm Grom ORP. Qhov no yog thawj qhov kev poob loj ntawm lub nkoj Polish hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau sab hnub poob, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuag ntawm lub nkoj zoo nkauj no tau raug txiav txim siab txog niaj hnub no. Ib qho kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau cov kev xav no yog cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub nkoj sunken uas tau ua nyob rau xyoo 2010 los ntawm Polish divers los ntawm Baltic Diving Society thiab cov ntaub ntawv npaj rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Grom thiab sim qhia qee qhov kev hloov kho rau cov ntaub ntawv sib tw uas tau coj mus rau qhov kawg kev teeb tsa ntawm cov nkoj no.
Raws li paub (ntawm cov neeg nyiam), peb qhov kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm tej zaum tus khub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Polish destroyers - Grom thiab Blyskavitsa. Thawj ob (Fabkis thiab Swedish) ua tsis tiav, thiab cov neeg nyeem txaus siab raug xa mus rau tus sau tsab xov xwm "Nyob rau hauv Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Tshiab Destroyers" ("Hiav Txwv, Nkoj thiab Nkoj" 4/2000) thiab rau kev tshaj tawm ntawm AJ-Xovxwm publishing tsev "Thunder Type Destroyers", ntu 1", Gdansk 2002.
Qhov kev sib tw thib peb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 1934. British shipyards raug caw: Thornycroft, Cammell Laird, Hawthorn Leslie, Swan Hunter, Vickers-Armstrongs thiab Yarrow. Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd, thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, 1934, tsab ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb kuj tau muab rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm John Samuel White shipyard hauv Cowes.
British shipyards nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws rau kev xa tawm. Xyoo 1921-1939, lawv tau muab 7 lub nkoj ntawm chav kawm no mus rau 25 lub teb chaws hauv Europe thiab South America; lwm 45 tau ua nyob rau hauv lub zos shipyards rau British designs los yog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov British. Cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, Spain, Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Poland, Portugal, Romania thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, nrog rau Argentina, Brazil thiab Chile siv cov neeg tua hluav taws tsim los ntawm Askiv (lossis nrog lawv pab). Ltalis, thib ob hauv qhov qeb duas no, khav theeb 10 tus neeg tua neeg ua rau Romania, Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, thaum Fabkis tsuas xa tawm 3 lub nkoj tua pov tseg rau Poland thiab Yugoslavia (ntxiv rau 2 daim ntawv tso cai).
Cov British tau teb rau cov lus thov Polish. Peb tam sim no paub txog ob txoj haujlwm tsim los teb rau qhov kev sib tw uas muab los ntawm lub nkoj nkoj Thornycroft thiab Swan Hunter; lawv cov duab kos tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm AJ-Press tau hais tseg. Ob leeg yog cov nkoj nrog lub nkoj tua phom classic, nrog lub hneev taw thiab ib qho silhouette tsawg. Muaj ib txoj haujlwm artillery nrog ob rab phom 120-mm ntawm lub hneev, thiab ob txoj haujlwm zoo ib yam ntawm lub stern, raws li "Technical Specifications for the Destroyer Project", uas tau muab los ntawm Navy (tom ntej no - KMZ) thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1934. Ob leeg. tej yaam num kuj muaj ob turrets.
Ntawm lub rooj sib tham thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 4, 1934, Tender Commission tau xaiv lub tswv yim ntawm British tuam txhab John Thornycroft Co. Ltd. hauv Southampton, tab sis tus nqi siab dhau lawm. Raws li cov lus saum toj no, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1934, kev sib tham pib nrog lub nkoj nkoj ntawm J.S. White. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm Polish sab, lub nkoj nkoj tau hloov pauv ntau yam ntawm cov qauv tsim, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1935, tus tsim qauv ntawm Lub Nkoj Dawb, Mr. H. Carey, tuaj txog hauv Gdynia thiab pom Vihra thiab Burza nyob ntawd. Nws tau nthuav tawm nrog Polish kev xav tau sau tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nkoj no, thiab tau thov cov kev hloov pauv uas sab Polish suav tias tsim nyog.
Hmoov tsis zoo, peb tseem tsis tau paub qhov tseeb ntawm qhov project nthuav tawm los ntawm lub nkoj nkoj JS White. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem tau txais qee lub tswv yim txog lawv, siv cov duab kos pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Polish Optical Factories. PZO tsim (thiab tom qab tsim) teeb tsa cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws xob rau naval artillery thiab torpedo launchers rau Grom thiab Blyskavitsa thiab tau pom meej paub txog cov qauv kev hloov pauv, tej zaum tau hais los ntawm KMW.
