Kev paub lub tank hnyav: khoom 277, khoom 279, khoom 770
Txheem
Kev paub lub tank hnyav: khoom 277, khoom 279, khoom 770
Lub ncua kev kawm ntawv yog ib tug neeg, nrog beam torsion tuav thiab hydraulic shock absorbers ntsia rau thawj, thib ob thiab yim lub ncua kev kawm ntawv nodes. Lub tank tau nruab nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv nuclear, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lub kaw lus rau kev tu cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam thiab cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb hauv qab dej. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub tank muaj 4 tus neeg: tus thawj coj, tus neeg tua phom, tus neeg nqa khoom thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb. Lub tsheb tau zoo maneuverability. Nrog ib tug loj ntawm 55 tons, nws tsim ib tug ceev ntawm 55 km / h.
Xyoo 1958, ob qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom 277 tau tsim, lawv dhau qhov kev sim, uas tau nres sai sai, thiab tag nrho cov hauj lwm raug txiav. Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom 277, nws version tau tsim nrog ib tug roj turbine cav nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 1000 litres. nrog. khoom 278, tab sis nws tsis tau tsim. Los ntawm lwm lub tshuab tsim los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, 277th sib txawv zoo nrog kev siv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sim thiab cov tshuab. Heavy tank khoom 277 yog nyob rau ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Armored Riam phom thiab khoom siv hauv Kubinka.
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hnyav tank 277
Raws li tib lub tswv yim thiab kev xav tau, pab neeg tsim qauv ntawm Leningrad Kirov cog nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm L. S. Troyanov hauv xyoo 1957 tau tsim cov qauv ntawm lub tank hnyav - khoom 279, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom thiab, tsis muaj kev poob siab. tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Lub tsheb muaj ib tug classic layout, tab sis cov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab patency tau daws nyob rau hauv ib tug heev uas tsis yog-tus qauv.
Lub hull muaj ib tug cam khwb cia curvilinear duab nrog nyias-daim ntawv los tiv thaiv cov ntxaij vab tshaus uas npog lub hull nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nyob rau sab, ntxiv nws contours rau ib tug ellipsoid ellipsoid. Lub pej thuam yog cam khwb cia, kheej kheej, kuj nrog nyias-daim ntawv cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Lub thickness ntawm lub frontal armor ntawm lub nkoj mus txog 269 hli, thiab lub turret - 305 hli. Lub armament muaj 130 mm M-65 cannon thiab 14,5 mm KPVT tshuab phom coaxial nrog nws. Cov phom tau nruab nrog ib lub tshuab thauj khoom ib nrab tsis siv neeg, ib qho khoom siv ammo khib, ob lub dav hlau riam phom stabilizer "Groza", TPD-2S stereoscopic rangefinder pom, thiab semi-automatic kev taw qhia. Object 279 tau nruab nrog tag nrho cov teeb pom kev tsaus ntuj infrared.
Cov mos txwv phom muaj 24 txhaj tshuaj, rab phom tshuab - los ntawm 300 puag ncig. Lub 16-lub tog raj kheej plaub-stroke H-zoo li tus diesel cav nrog kab rov tav txheej txheem ntawm lub tog raj kheej DG-1000 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 950 litres tau teeb tsa. Nrog. ntawm 2500 rpm lossis 2DG-8M nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1000 litres. Nrog. ntawm 2400 rpm. Cov kis tau tus mob muaj xws li ib tug complex torque converter thiab ib tug peb-ceev planetary gearbox. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tsim nyog tau txais lub hauv qab ntawm lub tank - plaub kab ntsig txav tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj. Ntawm txhua sab muaj ib lub thaiv ntawm ob kab ntsig kab, txhua qhov muaj rau ob lub log tsis muaj roj hmab thiab peb lub log txhawb nqa, lub log tsav tsheb. Lub ncua kev kawm ntawv yog hydropneumatic.
Ib qho qauv zoo sib xws ntawm lub chassis muab lub tsheb nrog qhov tsis muaj qhov tseeb. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub tank muaj plaub tus neeg, peb ntawm lawv - tus thawj coj, tus neeg tua phom thiab tus neeg nqa khoom - tau nyob hauv ntauwd. Tus neeg tsav tsheb lub rooj zaum nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull nyob rau hauv lub center, kuj muaj ib tug hatch rau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsheb. Ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, khoom 279 yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws booked ntim - 11,47 m3thaum muaj ib tug complex armored lub cev. Tus tsim ntawm lub undercarriage ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua rau lub tsheb mus rau hauv qab, thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm hla lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus daus thiab swampy struts. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub undercarriage yog heev complex nyob rau hauv tsim thiab ua hauj lwm, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua kom txo tau qhov siab. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1959, tus qauv tsim tau tsim; kev sib dhos ntawm ob lub tank ntxiv tsis tiav. Yam khoom 279 tam sim no nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Armored Riam phom thiab khoom siv hauv Kubinka.
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hnyav tank 279
Lub thickness ntawm lub frontal armor ntawm lub hull mus txog 120 mm. Txhawm rau ua kom cov armor tiv thaiv ntawm cov npoo, lub dab tshos tau ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm lub hull. Lub pej thuam yog cam khwb cia, kuj muaj qhov sib txawv thickness thiab cov ces kaum ntawm inclination ntawm phab ntsa. Frontal armor tus pej thuam muaj lub thickness ntawm 290 hli. Kev sib tshuam ntawm lub turret nrog lub hull tau tiv thaiv. Armament muaj 130 mm M-65 cannon thiab coaxial KPVT tshuab rab phom. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke muaj ob lub dav hlau Thunderstorm stabilizer, ib qho kev taw qhia tsis siv neeg, TPD-2S rangefinder pom, nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj tsom thiab kev soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej, thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Lub mos txwv load muaj 26 artillery rounds thiab 250 tshuab rab phom rounds. Raws li lub zog cog ntawm cov khoom 770, 10-lub tog raj kheej, plaub-mob stroke, ob-kab DTN-10 diesel cav nrog kev sib dhos ntsug ntawm lub tog raj kheej, kev siv zog los ntawm compressor thiab dej txias. Nws tau nruab rau hauv lub stern ntawm lub tank perpendicular mus rau nws longitudinal axis. Lub cev muaj zog yog 1000l. Nrog. ntawm 2500 rpm. Cov kis tau tus mob yog hydromechanical, nrog ib tug complex torque converter thiab lub planetary gearbox. Lub torque converter nrog ob phau ntawv qhia vanes tau suav nrog hauv lub zog xa hluav taws xob sib txuas ua ke. Cov kis tau tus mob muab ib tug neeg kho tshuab thiab ob hydromechanical rau pem hauv ntej iav thiab ib tug neeg kho tshuab rov qab iav.
Lub undercarriage muaj rau txoj kev loj-diameter log nrog rau sab hauv poob siab absorbing ntawm lub nkoj. Cov kab ntsig tau tsau ntiv tes. Tsav log nrog tshem cov iav rims tau nyob tom qab. Txoj kev tensioning mechanism yog hydraulic. Kev ncua tus kheej, hydropneumatic. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub tank muaj 4 tus neeg. Tus neeg tsav tsheb-mechanic tswj siv lub maus taus-hom kov. Yam khoom 770 tau nruab nrog lub kaw lus tiv thaiv riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, kev tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hmo ntuj thiab gyro-semi-compass. Rau kev sib txuas lus sab nraud, lub chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua R-113 tau teeb tsa, thiab rau kev sib txuas lus sab hauv, lub intercom R-120 raug teeb tsa. Yam khoom 770 tau ua nyob rau theem siab. Lub cam khwb cia turret thiab hull nrog pronounced sib txawv armor ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv projectile. Lub tsheb tau zoo maneuverability thiab yooj yim rau tsav. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij ntawm qhov chaw sim, qhov twg tag nrho peb lub tank hnyav tau sim, qhov khoom 770 zoo li lawv qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws. Tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb no yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm armored riam phom thiab khoom siv hauv Kubinka. Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hnyav tank 770
Kev txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tank hnyav
“Tom qab tag kis peb mus rau qhov chaw uas armored tsheb. Cov qauv tau muab tso rau ntawm cov pob zeb sib cais tsis deb ntawm ib leeg. Ntawm peb sab xis, ntawm lub platform nyob ze, muaj ib qho qauv ntawm lub tank hnyav, nyob ib puag ncig uas Zh. Ya. Kotin tau taug kev. Tom qab kuaj IT-1, N. S. Khrushchev tau mus rau lub tank hnyav ntawm Leningrad Kirov cog. Txawm hais tias Kotin tau sim thawb lub tank hnyav tshiab rau hauv kev pabcuam, Khrushchev txiav txim siab tso tseg T-10 serial hnyav tank thiab txwv tsis pub tsim lub tank hnyav tag nrho. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tus kiv cua loj ntawm foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis, Khrushchev yog tus neeg sib tw ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam feem ntau, xav tias lawv tsis tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1960 nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj sib tham txog lub zeem muag ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm armored tsheb nrog kev koom tes ntawm tag nrho cov neeg txaus siab - cov tub rog, designers, zaum, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam, Khrushchev rov hais dua nws qhov kev txiav txim siab: ua kom tiav serial zus tau tej cov T- 10M sai li sai tau, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab nres hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv loj los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab. Khrushchev txoj kev nyiam ua kuj muaj zog heev. missiles: raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tsoom fwv, tag nrho tank tsim bureaus lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tsim tsheb nrog missile riam phom (khoom 150, 287, 775, thiab lwm yam). Nws tau ntseeg tias cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no muaj peev xwm hloov tau tag nrho cov cannon tanks. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim siab txiav tawm cov khoom lag luam, rau tag nrho nws qhov tsis meej, tuaj yeem suav tias yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus, tom qab ntawd qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm yog kev ua tub rog-kev ua yuam kev loj, uas rau qee qhov cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lub tsev tank hauv tsev. . Thaum kawg ntawm 50s, cov kev daws teeb meem tau muab coj los ua qhov cuam tshuam rau 90s: 130-mm cannon nrog compressed cua purging ntawm lub thoob, electromechanical thiab hydromechanical transmissions, ib tug cam khwb cia lub cev, hydropneumatic ncua kev kawm ntawv, ib zaug. engine thiab kis chav tsev, thiab lwm yam .... Tsuas yog 10-15 xyoo tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav ntawm kev thauj khoom, kev pom qhov pom, rammers, thiab lwm yam, lawv tau qhia txog cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab. Tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav tawm ntawm qhov chaw, thaum cov nruab nrab, nce lawv cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus sib tua, tig mus rau hauv cov tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus sib tua tank ntawm lub 90s, peb muaj peev xwm kos cov nram qab no cov lus xaus: kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm niaj hnub tseem ceeb tanks nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm 46 tons rau peb T-80U rau 62 tons rau lub British Challenger; tag nrho cov tsheb yog armed nrog du-bore los yog rifled ("Challenger") phom ntawm 120-125-mm caliber; Lub zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj zog ntawm 1200-1500 hp. s., thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev yog los ntawm 56 ("Challenger") mus rau 71 ("Leclerc") km / h. Qhov chaw:
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Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1956, GBTU ntawm Soviet Army tsim tshiab tactical thiab kev xav tau rau lub tank hnyav. Raws li lawv lub hauv paus, peb pawg tsim qauv hauv Leningrad thiab Chelyabinsk tau pib los ntawm kev sib tw los tsim lub tank hnyav tshiab tsim los hloov lub tank T-10. Lub tank hnyav (khoom 277) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1957 hauv Design Bureau of the Chief. Tus tsim qauv ntawm Leningrad Kirov cog Zh. Ya. Kotin, siv cais tsim kev daws teeb meem rau IS-7 thiab T-10 tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub tsheb muaj ib tug classic layout, nrog ib tug rear hwj chim compartment thiab tsav log. Lub hull yog welded los ntawm bent armor daim hlau nrog txawv txawv thickness thiab cov ces kaum ntawm armor yam. Lub frontal ib feem ntawm lub hull yog ib qho, hauv qab ntawm lub trough-shaped qauv. Lub cam khwb cia, streamlined turret, nrog phab ntsa thicknesses los ntawm 77 hli mus rau 290 hli, muaj ib tug elongated aft seem kom haum rau cov mechanized tso ntawm cov mos txwv phom. Lub embrasure rau artillery system yog kaw - tsis muaj phom phom.
Lwm qhov sib tw hnyav tank yog cov khoom 770, tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Tus Thawj Tsim Qauv ntawm Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant P.P. Isakov. Tsis zoo li 277th, nws tau tsim tag nrho los ntawm cov chav nyob tshiab thiab muaj ntau qhov kev tsim qauv daws teeb meem. Lub cev ntawm cov khoom 770 yog cam khwb cia, nrog armor thickness sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab ntev. Lub inclined ib sab tsis yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sib txawv cov ces kaum: los ntawm 64 ° mus rau 70 ° mus rau ntsug thiab nrog txawv txawv thickness ntawm 65 hli mus rau 84 hli.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, 1960, ntawm Kapustin Yar chaw cob qhia, kev ua qauv qhia ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog rau lub teb chaws cov thawj coj, coj los ntawm NS Khrushchev, tau tshwm sim. Qhov no yog li cas tus thawj tsim ntawm Ural Carriage Works L.N.Kartsev, uas tau nthuav tawm nws lub foob pob hluav taws IT-1, nco qab qhov xwm txheej no:
