Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lambda sojntsuam snag
Txheem
Tom qab kev puas tsuaj los yog tshem tawm cov catalyst los yog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov pa sensor (lambda sojntsuam), lub internal combustion engine ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug uas tsis yog-zoo hom vim yog kev kho tsis raug ntawm cov huab cua-roj sib tov, thiab lub Check Engine taw qhia teeb rau. qhov ntsuas vaj huam sib luag. Ntau txoj hauv kev los dag lub zog tswj hluav taws xob tso cai los daws qhov teeb meem no.
Yog tias lub ntsuas pa oxygen ua haujlwm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob snag lambda yuav pab tau, yog tias nws ua tsis tiav, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nyeem hauv qab no kom paub yuav ua li cas khaws ib snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam los yog ua rau koj tus kheej.
Yuav ua li cas lub lambda sojntsuam snag ua haujlwm
Lambda sojntsuam snag - ib qho khoom siv uas muab kev sib kis mus rau lub computer ntawm cov pa oxygen zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov pa roj, yog tias qhov tsis sib xws tiag tiag tsis sib haum rau lawv. Qhov teeb meem no yog daws los ntawm kev kho cov kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov roj analyzer uas twb muaj lawm lossis nws cov teeb liab. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws xaiv nyob ntawm cov chav kawm ib puag ncig thiab cov qauv tsheb.
Muaj ob hom cheats:
- Mechanical (lub tes tsho-ntsia hlau los yog mini-catalyst). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li kev tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa oxygen sensor thiab cov pa roj hauv cov pa tawm.
- Electronic (resistor nrog capacitor lossis cais tswj). Lub emulator tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob lossis hloov DC li niaj zaus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob lambda sojntsuam snag yog simulate qhov tseeb sensor nyeem.
Lub tes tsho-hauv lub tes tsho (dummy) tso cai rau koj ua tiav kev dag ntxias ECU ntawm cov tsheb qub uas ua tau raws li cov chav kawm ib puag ncig tsawg kawg yog Euro-3, thiab cov mini-catalyst tsim nyog txawm tias cov tsheb niaj hnub nrog cov qauv mus txog Euro-6. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam DC, uas yog ntsia rau hauv lub cev snag. yog li qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub sensor yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pa roj ntshiab thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm mus rau lub computer.
Lambda sojntsuam snag - mini-catalyst (catalyst daim phiaj pom)
Hoobkas kev cai lambda sojntsuam emulator ntawm lub microcontroller
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov resistor thiab capacitor, nws tsis yog cov chav kawm ib puag ncig uas tseem ceeb, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub computer. Piv txwv li, qhov kev xaiv no tsis ua haujlwm ntawm Audi A4 - lub computer yuav tsim qhov yuam kev vim cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm xaiv qhov pom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ib qho hluav taws xob snag nrog lub microcontroller ntawm nws tus kheej simulates kev ua haujlwm ntawm oxygen sensor, txawm tias nws tsis tuaj thiab ua tsis tau tiav.
Muaj ob hom kev ywj pheej siv hluav taws xob nrog lub microcontroller:
- ywj siab, tsim lub teeb liab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lambda;
- kho nyeem ntawv raws li thawj sensor.
Thawj hom emulators feem ntau yog siv rau hauv tsheb nrog LPG ntawm cov laus tiam (txog 3), qhov twg thaum tsav tsheb ntawm cov roj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen sensor. Qhov thib ob yog ntsia tom qab txiav tawm cov catalyst es tsis txhob ntawm lub lambda thib ob thiab coj nws cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua raws li kev nyeem ntawv ntawm thawj sensor.
Yuav ua li cas ua kom koj tus kheej lambda sojntsuam snag
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lambda sojntsuam snag: spacer manufacturing video
Yog tias koj muaj cov cuab yeej zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua rau lambda sojntsuam snag koj tus kheej. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim khoom yog lub tes tsho mechanical thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob simulator nrog lub resistor thiab capacitor.
Yuav kom ua ib tug pacifier koj xav tau:
- hlau tshuab dhos;
- ib qho me me ntawm tooj liab lossis stainless hlau (ntev txog 60-100 hli, tuab txog 30-50 hli);
- cutters (txiav, tho txawv thiab xov-txiav) los yog cutters ?, kais thiab tuag.
Txhawm rau ua kom muaj hluav taws xob sib xyaw ntawm lambda sojntsuam, koj yuav xav tau:
Ua ib qho hluav taws xob sib xyaw ntawm oxygen sensor nrog koj tus kheej tes: video
- capacitors 1-5 uF;
- resistors 100 kOhm - 1 mOhm thiab / lossis trimmer nrog ntau yam;
- soldering hlau;
- solder thiab flux;
- rwb thaiv tsev;
- lub thawv ntawv;
- sealant los yog epoxy.
Tig ib lub ntsia hlau thiab ua ib qho yooj yim hluav taws xob sib xyaw, nrog cov kev txawj tsim nyog (tig / soldering electronics), yuav siv sij hawm tsis pub dhau ib teev. Nrog rau lwm ob txoj kev xaiv nws yuav nyuaj dua.
Ntxiv mus nws yuav tau hais kom ua ib tug snag ntawm ib tug lambda sojntsuam tom qab tshem tawm cov catalyst, thiaj li hais tias Check Engine yuam kev nrog codes P0130-P0179 (txog lambda), P0420-P0424 thiab P0430-P0434 (catalyst yuam kev) tsis tshwm sim.
Scheme ntawm electronics snag
Cov hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm distorting lub teeb liab sensor tiag tiag rau ib qho uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev xaiv:
- Nrog resistor thiab capacitor. Ib lub voj voog yooj yim uas tso cai rau koj hloov cov duab ntawm lub teeb liab hluav taws xob los ntawm DC los ntawm kev sib txuas hauv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Lub resistor pab txo qhov voltage thiab tam sim no, thiab lub capacitor pab tshem tawm voltage ripple ntawm lub load. Hom kev sib tov no feem ntau yog siv tom qab cov catalyst tau raug txiav tawm los simulate nws muaj.
- Nrog microcontroller. Ib qho hluav taws xob snag ntawm lub lambda sojntsuam nrog nws tus kheej processor muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub teeb liab uas simulates cov kev nyeem ntawv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm oxygen sensor. Muaj cov emulators nyob rau hauv uas khi rau thawj (sab sauv) DC, thiab cov emulators ywj siab uas tsim cov teeb liab yam tsis muaj cov lus qhia sab nraud.
Thawj hom yog siv los dag ECU tom qab tshem tawm lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntawm catalyst. Qhov thib ob kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau cov hom phiaj no, tab sis feem ntau nws yog siv los ua snag ntawm thawj lambda sojntsuam rau ib txwm tsav tsheb nrog cov laus tiam HBO.
Scheme ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw ntawm cov pa oxygen sensor
Cov hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam, Circuit Court uas tau nthuav tawm saum toj no, tsuas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom, tab sis yuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua ntawm lub ntsej muag tus nqi.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm resistor thiab capacitor hauv kev xaim
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ntawm lambda sojntsuam ntawm lub resistor nrog lub capacitor
Lub resistor thiab capacitor tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub tsheb nrog ob lub pa oxygen sensors nrog ib puag ncig chav kawm Euro-3 thiab siab dua. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam yog ua li no:
- lub resistor yog soldered rau hauv qhov tawg ntawm lub teeb liab hlau;
- ib tug tsis-polar capacitor yog kev cob cog rua ntawm lub teeb liab hlau thiab av, tom qab lub resistor, nyob rau sab ntawm lub sensor connector.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub simulator yog qhov yooj yim: qhov tsis kam ntawm lub teeb liab Circuit Court txo qhov tam sim no los ntawm qhov thib ob oxygen sensor, thiab lub capacitor smooths tawm nws cov pulsations. Yog li ntawd, lub injector ECU "xav" tias cov catalyst ua haujlwm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa tawm hauv qhov qub.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lambda sojntsuam snag scheme
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov teeb liab raug (mem tes duab), koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- tsis-polar zaj duab xis capacitor los ntawm 1 mus rau 5 microfarads;
- resistor los ntawm 100 kΩ mus rau 1 MΩ nrog lub zog dissipation ntawm 0,25-1 W.
Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem ua ntej siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog cov kab no, txhawm rau nrhiav tus nqi tsim nyog. Feem ntau cov Circuit Court yog nrog 1 MΩ resistor thiab 1 uF capacitor.
Koj yuav tsum tau txuas lub snag mus rau qhov so ntawm lub sensor thaiv hlua, thaum nyiam dua los ntawm cov pa kub. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv xov tooj cua los ntawm ya raws thiab av, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab lawv tso rau hauv ib rooj plaub thiab sau lawv nrog sealant lossis epoxy.
Microprocessor board nyob rau hauv lambda sojntsuam thaiv kev tawg
Ib qho hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam ntawm lub microcontroller yog xav tau nyob rau hauv ob rooj plaub:
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nyeem ntawm thawj (lossis nkaus xwb) oxygen sensor thaum tsav tsheb ntawm HBO 2 lossis 3 tiam;
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nyeem ntawm lambda thib ob rau lub tsheb nrog Euro-3 thiab siab dua yam tsis muaj catalyst.
Koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke cov pa oxygen sensor emulator ntawm tus ua-nws-koj tus kheej microcontroller rau HBO siv cov khoom hauv qab no ntawm xov tooj cua:
- integrated circuit NE555 (tus tswj tswj uas tsim cov pulses);
- capacitor 0,1; 22 thiab 47 uF;
- resistors rau 1; 2,2; 10, 22 thiab 100 kOhm;
- Lub teeb-emitting diode;
- relay.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam - daim duab rau HBO
Cov khoom sib xyaw tau piav qhia saum toj no yog txuas nrog los ntawm kev xa mus rau hauv kev txiav ntawm cov teeb liab xaim ntawm oxygen sensor thiab lub computer. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa roj, lub relay suav nrog ib qho emulator hauv Circuit Court uas tsim cov pa oxygen sensor cuav. Thaum hloov mus rau roj av, cov pa oxygen sensor txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub computer siv lub relay. nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm ntawm lambda ntawm cov roj av thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis raug ntawm cov roj tau ua tiav tib lub sijhawm.
Yog hais tias koj yuav npaj txhij-ua emulator ntawm thawj lambda sojntsuam rau HBO, nws yuav raug nqi txog 500-1000 rubles..
Nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam los simulate kev nyeem ntawv ntawm lub sensor thib ob nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau:
- resistors rau 10 thiab 100 ohms (2 pcs.), 1; 6,8; 39 thiab 300 kOhm;
- capacitors rau 4,7 thiab 10 pF;
- amplifiers LM358 (2 pcs.);
- Schottky diode 10BQ040.
Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub emulator tau teev tseg yog qhia hauv daim duab. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm snag yog hloov cov zis nyeem ntawm thawj oxygen sensor thiab hloov mus rau lub computer raws li kev nyeem ntawv los ntawm qhov thib ob.
Lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho yooj yim hluav taws xob emulator ntawm lub thib ob lambda sojntsuam
Cov txheej txheem saum toj no yog universal, nws tso cai rau koj simulate kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si titanium thiab zirconium oxygen sensors.
Kev npaj ua emulator ntawm ob lambda sojntsuam raws li lub microcontroller yuav raug nqi los ntawm 1 mus rau 5 txhiab rubles, nyob ntawm seb qhov nyuaj..
Drawing ntawm ib tug mechanical snag
Kos duab ntawm ib tug neeg kho tshuab blende ntawm ib tug lambda sojntsuam rau ntau zirconium sensors rau Euro-3: nyem rau kom loj
Lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm lub lambda sojntsuam tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm lub tsheb nrog lub chaw taws teeb catalyst thiab ua haujlwm thib ob (qis dua) oxygen sensor. Lub dummy ntsia hlau nrog lub qhov ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob ntawm Euro 3 thiab cov tshuab hauv chav kawm qis, cov sensors uas tsis tshua muaj siab. Cov neeg kho tshuab sib xyaw ntawm lambda sojntsuam, daim duab uas tau qhia hauv cov duab kos, belongs rau hom no.
Rau Euro-4 thiab siab dua, koj xav tau ib lub snag nrog lub me me catalytic converter hauv. Nws yuav ua kom huv cov pa roj hauv thaj chaw sensor, yog li simulating kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem uas ploj lawm. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua qhov kev sojntsuam lambda nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, vim nws kuj xav tau tus neeg sawv cev catalytic.
Lub tes tsho nrog mini catalytic converter
Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm lub lambda sojntsuam nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab dhos thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog nws, nrog rau:
- ib tug dawb paug ntawm bronze los yog kub-resistant stainless hlau txog 100 mm ntev thiab 30-50 mm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb;
- cutters (txiav, tho txawv thiab xov-txiav);
- coj mus rhaub thiab tuag M18x1,5 (tsis yog cutters rau threading);
- catalytic ntsiab.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom catalytic. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog txiav nws tawm ntawm qhov tawg catalyst muab tub lim los ntawm kev xaiv ib feem ntawm nws.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lambda sojntsuam ua kom yuam kev nrog mini-catalyst: kos duab spacer: nyem kom loj
oxidation ntawm carbon monoxide thiab unburned hydrocarbons nyob rau hauv lub catalyst yog muab tsis tau los ntawm lub ceramic nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm cov deposition ntawm noble hlau (platinum, rhodium, palladium) tso rau nws. Yog li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - nws tsuas yog siv los ua ib qho insulator uas txo cov roj ntws mus rau lub sensor, uas tsis muab cov nyhuv xav tau.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg kho tshuab blende ntawm lub thib ob lambda sojntsuam, koj yuav siv tau cov seem ntawm ib tug twb vau catalytic converter nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, yog li tsis txhob maj muab nws mus rau buyers.
Lub Hoobkas mechanical blende ntawm lambda sojntsuam nrog ib tug mini-catalyst nqi 1-2 txhiab rubles.
Screwdriver nrog lub taub me me
Lub lambda sojntsuam snag ntsia hlau yog ua tib yam li cov mini-catalyst. Rau qhov no koj xav tau:
- tshuab dhos;
- ib tug dawb paug ua los ntawm bronze los yog kub-resistant stainless hlau;
- teeb ntawm cutters thiab / los yog kais thiab phaj M18x1,5.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej txhua yam sib xyaw ntawm lambda sojntsuam: ntsia hlau kos duab
Tsuas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim yog tias tsis muaj catalytic muab tub lim sab hauv, thiab lub qhov nyob hauv qis dua muaj qhov me me (2-3 hli) txoj kab uas hla. Nws txwv qhov ntws ntawm cov pa tawm mus rau oxygen sensor, yog li muab cov kev nyeem ntawv xav tau.
Ntev npaum li cas lub snag lambda sojntsuam kav ntev
Mechanical oxygen sensor snags tsis muaj catalytic muab tub lim yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov, tab sis tsis zoo heev. Lawv ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm Euro-3 ib puag ncig cov chav kawm cav nruab nrog cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lambda uas tsis tshua muaj siab. Ntev npaum li cas lub snag ntawm hom lambda sojntsuam ua haujlwm tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Thaum siv tooj liab lossis cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, nws tuaj yeem nyob mus ib txhis, tab sis qee zaum (txhua 20-30 txhiab km) nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub qhov los ntawm cov pa roj carbon deposits.
Rau cov tsheb tshiab, koj xav tau ib lub snag nrog lub mini-catalyst sab hauv, uas kuj muaj kev txwv. Tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov catalytic muab tub lim (tshwj xeeb tshaj li 50100 txhiab km), nws tsis kam tiv nrog cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau thiab hloov mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm cov ntsia hlau yooj yim. Hauv qhov no, lub simulator yuav tsum tau hloov pauv lossis ntim nrog cov khoom siv catalytic tshiab.
Electronic snags yog qhov theoretically tsis yooj yim rau kev tawg thiab hnav, vim tias lawv tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Tab sis cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua (resistors, capacitors) raug txwv, dhau sijhawm lawv degrade thiab poob lawv cov khoom. Lub emulator tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav thaum ntxov yog tias plua plav lossis ya raws tau txais ntawm cov khoom vim muaj qhov xau.
| Hom kev quav yeeb tshuaj | Tsheb Compatibility | Yuav ua li cas tuav lub snag LZ | Lub snag LZ nyob ntev npaum li cas (hloov pauv ntau npaum li cas) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical (Screwdriver) | 1999-2004 (EU ntau lawm), mus txog 2013 (Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm), tsheb mus txog Euro-3 suav nrog. | Ib ntus (txhua 20-30 txhiab km), yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub qhov thiab cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov pa roj carbon deposits. | Theoretically nyob mus ib txhis (tsuas yog ib tug neeg kho tshuab adapter, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tawg). |
| Mechanical (mini-catalyst) | Los ntawm 2005 (EU) lossis 2013 (Russia) txog tam sim no c., chav kawm Euro-3 thiab siab dua. | Tom qab ua haujlwm tawm cov peev txheej, nws yuav tsum tau hloov lossis hloov cov catalytic muab tub lim. | 50-100 txhiab km, nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov muab tub lim. |
| Electronic Board) | Kev ywj pheej emulators mus txog 2005 (EU) lossis txog 2013 (Russia) ntawm lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, ib puag ncig chav kawm Euro-2 lossis Euro-3 (qhov uas nws tsim nyog txhim kho HBO 2 thiab 3 tiam). Emulators siv cov kev nyeem ntawv ntawm thawj DC los dag lub lambda sojntsuam thib ob - los ntawm 2005 (EU) lossis 2008 (Russia) mus txog tam sim no. c., chav kawm Euro-3 thiab siab dua, tab sis muaj kev zam, qhov kev xaiv raug ntawm cov npe yog qhov tseem ceeb. | Kev tu tsis tas yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw qhuav, huv si thiab cais tawm ntawm cov dej noo thiab av. | Nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yuav tsum kav lub neej ntawm lub tsheb, tab sis electrolytes thiab / los yog cov resistors yuav tsum tau rov ua dua yog tias siv cov khoom tsis zoo. |
| Electronic (resistor thiab capacitor) | Tsheb los ntawm 2005 (EU) lossis 2008 (Russia), Euro-3 chav kawm thiab siab dua. | Periodically nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntsiab. | Nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua thiab xaiv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas raug. Yog tias cov khoom raug xaiv kom raug, tsis txhob overheat thiab tsis txhob ntub, nws yuav txaus rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm lub tsheb. |
Qhov twg lambda snag zoo dua
Yeej teb cov lus nug "Lambda snag twg zoo dua?" ua tsis tau. Txhua lub cuab yeej muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, sib txawv sib xws nrog qee tus qauv. Qhov twg snag ntawm lambda sojntsuam yog qhov zoo dua los muab tso rau - nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm no thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb:
- mechanical snags ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm oxygen sensor;
- txhawm rau simulate lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen sensor ntawm HBO qub, tsuas yog siv hluav taws xob ua kom yuam kev nrog microcontroller (mem tes generator) tsim nyog;
- ntawm cov tsheb qub ntawm ib chav kawm tsis siab dua Euro-3, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab lub snag-ntsia hlau - pheej yig thiab txhim khu kev qha;
- ntawm ntau lub tsheb niaj hnub (Euro-4 thiab siab dua), nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv mini-catalysts;
- cov kev xaiv nrog ib tug resistor thiab ib tug capacitor yog ib tug pheej yig dua, tab sis tsawg txhim khu kev qha hom snag rau cov tsheb tshiab;
- ib qho emulator ntawm qhov thib ob lambda sojntsuam ntawm lub microcontroller uas ua haujlwm los ntawm thawj tus yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsheb uas ua tsis tiav lossis tshem tawm ob lub pa oxygen sensor.
Feem ntau hais lus, nws yog qhov mini-catalyst uas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev pabcuam DC, vim nws ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv hloov pauv nrog qhov raug siab. Lub microcontroller yog ib qho kev xaiv ntau dua thiab kim, thiab yog li tsuas yog tsim nyog thaum tsis muaj tus qauv ntsuas txhua los yog nws yuav tsum tau dag kom tsav tsheb ntawm cov roj.
