Tshiab metamaterials: lub teeb nyob rau hauv kev tswj

Cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog "metamaterials" (hauv cov lus hais vim tias lub ntsiab lus tau pib plooj) ua rau peb xav txog lawv yuav luag yog panacea rau txhua yam teeb meem, mob thiab kev txwv uas ntsib lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm kev siv tshuab. Cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav tsis ntev los no suav nrog kev suav kho qhov muag thiab kev muaj tiag virtual.

hauv kev sib raug zoo hypothetical computers ntawm lub neej yav tom ntejPiv txwv suav nrog kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm Israeli TAU University hauv Tel Aviv. Lawv tab tom tsim multilayer nanomaterials uas yuav pab tau cov creation ntawm optical computers. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Swiss Paul Scherrer lub koom haum tau tsim ib tug peb-theem tshuaj los ntawm ib tug billion me me hlau nplaum muaj peev xwm simulate peb lub xeev ntawm aggregation, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog dej.

Qhov no siv tau rau dab tsi? Cov neeg Ixayees xav tsim. Lub Swiss tham txog cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab kaw, thiab spintronics feem ntau.

Peb-theem metamaterial ua los ntawm minimagnets, simulating peb lub xeev ntawm dej.

Photons ntawm kev thov

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoos phis tawj kho qhov muag raws li metamaterials. Lawv tawm tswv yim tsim ib hom laser thav duab uas tuaj yeem ntxiab pob khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm atoms hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb, tsim kom nruj tsim, tswj. teeb raws li qauv. Nws zoo li ntuj siv lead ua. Nrog ib qho sib txawv - nws yuav luag zoo tag nrho; tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntuj.

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm txoj haujlwm nruj ntawm pawg atoms hauv lawv "lub teeb siv lead ua", tab sis tseem cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tus neeg atoms siv lwm lub laser (ze-infrared). Lawv yuav yuam kom lawv, piv txwv li, kom tso tawm ib lub zog ntawm qhov kev thov - txawm tias ib qho photon, uas, raug tshem tawm ntawm ib qho chaw hauv cov siv lead ua, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub atom hauv lwm qhov. Nws yuav yog hom kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv yooj yim.

Lub peev xwm tso tawm sai sai ntawm photon hauv kev tswj hwm thiab hloov nws nrog qhov poob qis ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua cov kauj ruam rau quantum xam. Ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog kev siv tag nrho cov arrays ntawm cov tswj photons los ua cov kev suav nyuaj heev - sai dua li siv cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub. Atoms embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug dag siv lead ua kuj tuaj yeem dhia ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv tus kheej yuav dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv nqa khoom hauv quantum computer lossis tuaj yeem tsim lub quantum sensor.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias rubidium atoms zoo tagnrho rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, barium, calcium lossis cesium atoms kuj tuaj yeem ntes tau los ntawm cov khoom siv laser siv lead ua vim lawv muaj cov qib zog zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau ua cov ntaub ntawv metamaterial nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim tiag tiag, pab pawg tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau cuab ob peb lub atoms nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv lead ua lattice thiab cia lawv nyob ntawd txawm tias thaum zoo siab rau lub zog siab dua.

Virtual kev muaj tiag tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag

Metamaterials kuj tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov ntawv thov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lwm qhov kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis - . Virtual kev muaj tiag muaj ntau yam kev txwv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm optics paub rau peb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua los tsim kom tau ib tug zoo meej optical system, vim hais tias muaj ib txwm li-hu ua aberrations, i.e. yoj distortions tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam. Peb paub txog lub cev thiab chromatic aberrations, astigmatism, coma thiab ntau, ntau lwm yam teebmeem ntawm optics. Txhua tus neeg uas tau siv cov kev muaj tiag virtual tej zaum tau cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej no. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim VR optics uas yog lub teeb yuag, tsim cov duab zoo, tsis pom zaj sawv (chromatic aberrations), muaj qhov pom loj, thiab pheej yig. Qhov no tsuas yog tsis muaj tseeb.

Qhov no yog vim li cas VR cov khoom lag luam - Oculus thiab HTC - siv lub npe Fresnel Lenses. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov hnyav tsawg, tshem tawm cov chromatic aberrations thiab tau txais tus nqi qis (cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov lo ntsiab muag yog pheej yig). Hmoov tsis zoo, lub teeb refractive rings ua rau w Fresnel lo ntsiab muag ib qho kev poob qis hauv qhov sib piv thiab tsim cov centrifugal glow, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tau tias qhov chaw muaj qhov sib txawv siab (dub tom qab).

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Harvard University, coj los ntawm Federico Capasso, tau tswj hwm los tsim nyias thiab tiaj lens siv metamaterials. Cov txheej nanostructure ntawm iav yog nyias dua li tib neeg cov plaub hau (0,002 hli). Tsis tsuas yog nws tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo li qub, tab sis nws kuj muab cov duab zoo dua li cov tshuab kho qhov muag kim.

Lub Lens Capasso, tsis zoo li cov lo ntsiab muag convex uas khoov thiab tawg lub teeb, hloov cov khoom ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej vim yog cov qauv microscopic protruding los ntawm qhov chaw, tso rau ntawm quartz iav. Txhua qhov protrusion refracs lub teeb sib txawv, hloov nws cov kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom raug faib xws li ib tug nanostructure ( qauv), uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub computer thiab tsim siv txoj kev zoo ib yam li lub computer processors. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias hom lens no tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub chaw tsim khoom ua ntej, siv cov txheej txheem paub. Titanium dioxide yog siv los txau.

Nws tsim nyog hais txog lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm "meta-optics". metamaterial hyperlenses, ua nyob rau hauv American University ntawm Buffalo. Thawj cov qauv ntawm hyperlenses tau ua los ntawm cov nyiaj thiab cov khoom siv dielectric, tab sis lawv tsuas yog ua haujlwm hauv qhov nqaim heev ntawm wavelengths. Cov kws tshawb fawb Buffalo tau siv qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pas nrig kub hauv cov vaj tsev thermoplastic. Nws ua haujlwm hauv qhov pom lub teeb wavelength ntau yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia txog qhov nce hauv kev daws teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab uas siv lub endoscope kho mob ua piv txwv. Nws feem ntau lees paub cov khoom mus txog 10 nanometers, thiab tom qab txhim kho hyperlenses nws "mus nqis" mus rau 250 nanometers. Tus qauv tsim kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov tshwm sim uas txo qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuab kho qhov muag - es tsis txhob yoj distortions, lawv tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv nthwv dej uas tuaj yeem kaw hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tom ntej.

Raws li kev tshaj tawm hauv Nature Communications, txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus kheej molecules. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tos rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv metamaterials. Tej zaum lawv yuav tso cai rau kev muaj tiag virtual thaum kawg los ua kev vam meej. Raws li rau "optical computers," cov no tseem nyob deb heev thiab tsis meej pem. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ...