German African Corps Part 2

PzKpfw IV Ausf. G yog lub tank zoo tshaj plaws DAK tau muaj. Cov tsheb no tau siv los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942, txawm hais tias thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov kev hloov kho no mus txog North Africa thaum Lub Yim Hli 1942.

Tam sim no tsis yog tsuas yog Deutsches Afrikakorps, tab sis kuj Panzerarmee Afrika, uas lub koom haum yog ib feem ntawm, pib raug kev puas tsuaj tom qab swb. Tactically, nws tsis yog Erwin Rommel qhov txhaum, nws ua li nws ua tau, nws tau ua ntau dua thiab muaj zog, tawm tsam nrog kev nyuaj siab uas tsis muaj peev xwm, txawm hais tias nws tau tawm tsam kev txawj ntse, ua siab loj thiab tuaj yeem hais tias nws ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias lo lus "zoo" tsuas yog hais txog qib tactical.

Nyob rau theem ua haujlwm, tej yam tsis zoo li qub lawm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem npaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov vim Rommel tsis kam ua haujlwm thiab nws txoj kev xav rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. German tub rog tub rog tsis nco qab tias kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj zog dua.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau theem kev tawm tswv yim nws yog kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag. Rommel xav tau dab tsi? Nws xav mus qhov twg? Nws mus qhov twg nrog nws plaub qhov kev faib tsis tiav? Nws npaj mus qhov twg tom qab kov yeej Egypt? Sudan, Somalia thiab Kenya? Los yog tej zaum Palestine, Syria thiab Lebanon, tag nrho txoj kev mus rau ciam teb Turkish? Thiab los ntawm Transjordan, Iraq thiab Saudi Arabia? Los yog tej zaum tseem ntxiv, Iran thiab British Is Nrias teb? Puas yog nws yuav xaus kev sib tw Burma? Los yog nws tsuas yog npaj los npaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Sinai? Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg Askiv yuav npaj cov tub rog tsim nyog, raws li lawv tau ua ua ntej, ntawm El Alamein, thiab yuav ua rau nws tuag.

Tsuas yog qhov kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog los ntawm cov khoom British tau lav qhov kev daws teeb meem kawg. Thiab cov khoom uas tau hais los saum toj no lossis thaj chaw nyob hauv British tub rog tswj tau txuas ntxiv mus rau Ganges thiab dhau mus ... Tau kawg, plaub txoj kev sib cais, uas yog kev faib tsuas yog hauv lub npe, thiab cov rog ntawm Italo-African contingent, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias. ua tau.

Qhov tseeb, Erwin Rommel yeej tsis tau hais tias "yuav ua li cas ntxiv." Nws tseem hais txog Suez Canal yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nws yog zoo li lub ntiaj teb no xaus ntawm cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus, tab sis qhov ntawd kuj tsis yog kev txiav txim siab rau kev swb ntawm cov neeg Askiv hauv Middle East, Middle East lossis Africa. Hauv Berlin, tsis muaj leej twg tsa qhov teeb meem no. Nyob ntawd lawv muaj lwm qhov teeb meem - kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, kev sib ntaus sib tua kom tawg Stalin rov qab.

Lub Australian 9th DP tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam El Alamein, ob lub npe hu ua Thawj thiab Thib Ob Kev Sib Tw ntawm El Alamein, thiab ib qho hu ua Battle of Alam el Halfa Ridge. Daim duab: Cov tub rog Australian nyob rau hauv Bren Carrier armored cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Kawg ua phem

Thaum Tsov Rog ntawm El Ghazal xaus thiab cov Germans pib nce mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Stalingrad thiab thaj chaw muaj roj nplua nuj ntawm Caucasus, thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1942, German rog hauv North Africa muaj 60 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nrog 3500 riflemen nyob rau hauv infantry. units (tsis suav nrog cov phom loj, kev thauj mus los, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev sib txuas lus), thiab cov neeg Italians muaj 44 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, muaj 6500 tus tub rog nyob hauv cov tub rog (tseem tsis suav cov tub rog ntawm lwm cov qauv). suav nrog tag nrho cov tub rog German thiab Italian, muaj txog 100 nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev tsim, tab sis qee tus neeg mob thiab tsis tuaj yeem sib ntaus, 10. infantry, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov neeg uas tuaj yeem sib ntaus sib tua hauv ib pab pawg tub rog nrog rab phom hauv tes.

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 21, 1942, Field Marshal Albert Kesserling, tus thawj coj ntawm OB Süd, tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Africa kom ntsib nrog Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (txog hnub ntawd) thiab Tub Rog General Ettore Bastico, uas tau txais cov tub rog lub mace thaum Lub Yim Hli 1942. Tau kawg, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham no yog los teb cov lus nug: dab tsi ntxiv? Raws li koj tuaj yeem xav, Kesserling thiab Bastico xav ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj haujlwm thiab npaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm Libya raws li cov cuab yeej Italian. Ob leeg nkag siab tias thaum muaj kev sib cav sib ceg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws. Kesserling cia siab tias yog tias qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj los ntawm kev txiav cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm thaj chaw muaj roj, cov tub rog yuav raug tso tawm rau kev nqis tes ua hauv North Africa, tom qab ntawd kev tawm tsam ntawm Egypt yuav muaj tseeb dua. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj muaj peev xwm ua noj nws methodically. Txawm li cas los xij, Rommel tau sib cav tias British 8th Army tau tawm tsam tag nrho thiab qhov kev nrhiav yuav tsum pib tam sim ntawd. Nws ntseeg tias cov peev txheej tau txais hauv Tobruk yuav tso cai rau kev taug kev mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws mus ntxiv, thiab tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov xwm txheej logistical ntawm Panzerarmee Afrika.

Nyob rau sab Askiv, thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1942, General Claude J. E. Auchinleck, tus thawj coj ntawm British rog hauv tebchaws Iziv, Levant, Saudi Arabia, Iraq thiab Iran (Middle East Command), tso tus thawj coj ntawm 8th Army, Lieutenant General Neil M. Ritchie. Tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Askiv, qhov chaw uas nws tau tswj hwm ntawm 52nd Infantry Division "Lowlands", piv txwv li. tau demoted ob theem ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1943 nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm XII Corps, uas nws tau tawm tsam zoo nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe xyoo 1944-1945, thiab tom qab ntawd coj cov lus txib ntawm Scottish Command thiab, thaum kawg, xyoo 1947, coj mus rau Far East Command ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tebchaws mus txog rau nws cov nyiaj laus nyob rau hauv 1948. uas yog, nws rov xav hais tias cov tub rog qib, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau txais ranked "tag nrho" general. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1942, General Auchinleck tus kheej tau coj cov tub rog 8th, ua ob qho haujlwm ib txhij.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Marsa Matruh

Cov tub rog Askiv tau tuav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm Marsa Matruh, lub nroog me me hauv tebchaws Iziv, 180 km sab hnub poob ntawm El Alamein thiab 300 km sab hnub poob ntawm Alexandria. Muaj ib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau coj mus rau lub nroog, thiab mus rau sab qab teb ntawm nws muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm Via Balbia, uas yog, txoj kev taug kev raws ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau Alexandria nws tus kheej. Muaj ib lub tshav dav hlau sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog. Lub 10th Corps (Lieutenant General William G. Holmes) yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Marsa Matruh cheeb tsam, cov lus txib uas nyuam qhuav hloov los ntawm Transjordan. Cov corps suav nrog 21st Indian Infantry Brigade (24th, 25th thiab 50th Indian Infantry Brigades), uas tau ua haujlwm tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv thiab ib ncig ntawm lub nroog, thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Mars Matruh, thib ob faib ntawm lub corps, British 69th DP "Northumbrian" (150. BP, 151. BP thiab 20. BP). Txog 30-10 km sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog muaj ib lub tiaj tiaj tiaj 12-XNUMX km dav, nrog rau lwm txoj kev khiav ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub hav, yooj yim rau maneuvering, muaj ib tug pob zeb ledge, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug siab dua, loosely rocky, qhib cov suab puam.

Txog 30 km sab qab teb ntawm Marsa Matrouh, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, yog lub zos Minkar Sidi Hamza, lub tsev rau 5th Indian DP, uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas muaj ib qho xwb, 29th BP. Ib me ntsis ntxiv sab hnub tuaj, New Zealand's 2nd BP nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm (los ntawm 4th thiab 5th BP, nrog rau kev zam ntawm 6th BP, uas tau thim mus rau El Alamein). Thaum kawg, mus rau sab qab teb, nyob rau hauv qhov siab dua, yog 1st Armored Division nrog nws 22nd Armored Battalion, 7th Armored Brigade, thiab 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade los ntawm 7th Infantry Division. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 1st Dpanc muaj 159 lub tso tsheb hlau luam ceev, suav nrog 60 qhov tshiab M3 Grant tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rab phom 75 mm nyob rau hauv lub hull sponson thiab 37 mm anti-tank phom nyob rau hauv lub turret. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov British muaj 19 infantry tanks. Cov tub rog nyob hauv Minkar Sidi Hamza cheeb tsam (ob qho tib si depleted infantry divisions thiab 1st Armored Division) yog ib feem ntawm 7th Corps nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant General William H.E. "Strafera" Gott (tuag hauv lub dav hlau poob rau lub Yim Hli 1942).

Kev tawm tsam ntawm British txoj haujlwm pib thaum tav su ntawm 26 Lub Rau Hli. Lub 50th Light Division tau tsiv tawm tsam 90th DP Northumbarian txoj hauj lwm sab qab teb ntawm Marsa Matruh, tsis muaj zog txaus kom tsis ntev los no, nrog kev pab cuam ntau heev los ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm British 50th Infantry Division. Nyob rau sab qab teb, German 21st Panzer Division tau tsoo los ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv sab qaum teb ntawm ob New Zealand cov tub rog ntawm 2nd DP, thiab hauv Minkar Qaim cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov kab British, German faib sab qab teb, txiav tawm New Zealanders ' thim rov qab. Qhov no yog qhov kev xav tsis thoob, vim tias 2nd New Zealand Infantry Division muaj cov kab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, raug txiav tawm sab hnub tuaj, New Zealand tus thawj coj, Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg, tau ntshai heev. Pom tau tias nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tub rog New Zealand rau tsoomfwv ntawm nws lub tebchaws, nws pib xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm hloov kev faib mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nrog rau yav qab teb German 15th Armored Division nres nyob rau hauv cov suab puam qhib los ntawm 22nd British Armistice, ib qho kev txiav txim tam sim ntawd zoo li ntxov ntxov.

Cov tsos ntawm 21st Armored Division tom qab British kab kuj ntshai General Auchinleck. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, thaum tav su ntawm 27 Lub Rau Hli, nws tau ceeb toom rau cov thawj coj ntawm ob lub koom haum tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev poob ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj hwm lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm Marsa Matruh. Qhov kev txiav txim no tau muab txawm tias qhov tseeb tias British 1st Armored Division tseem tuav lub 15th Armored Division, tam sim no ntxiv ntxiv los ntawm Italian 133rd Armored Division "Littorio" ntawm Italian 27th Corps. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm 8 Lub Rau Hli, General Auchinleck tau hais kom tag nrho 50 cov tub rog tub rog raug tshem tawm mus rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv tshiab hauv cheeb tsam Fouca, tsawg dua XNUMX km rau sab hnub tuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog British tau thim rov qab.

Lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws yog rau New Zealand 2nd Infantry Division, uas tau thaiv los ntawm German 21st Infantry Division. Txawm li cas los xij, hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 27-28, qhov kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm New Zealand 5th BP ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm German tsheb tub rog tub rog tau ua tiav. Cov kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv tau tawm tsam ntawm qhov luv tshaj plaws. Ntau tus tub rog German raug tua los ntawm New Zealanders. Tom qab 5th BP, 4th BP thiab lwm qhov kev faib tawm kuj tau tawg. 2nd New Zealand DP tau txais kev cawmdim. Lieutenant General Freyberg raug mob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis nws kuj tau tswj kom thim rov qab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov New Zealanders muaj 800 tua, raug mob thiab ntes. Qhov phem tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij, 2nd New Zealand Infantry Division tsis raug yuam kom thim mus rau Fuca txoj haujlwm, thiab nws cov units tau mus txog El Alamein.

Qhov kev txiav txim tshem tawm kuj tseem tsis tau mus txog tus thawj coj ntawm 28th Corps, uas thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 90 tau tawm tsam rau sab qab teb hauv kev sim daws cov 21st Corps, uas ... tsis muaj lawm. Thaum cov neeg Askiv nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau nyob rau qhov tsis txaus siab xav tsis thoob, zoo li es tsis txhob pab lawv cov neeg nyob ze, lawv tau ntsib nrog tag nrho cov German rog hauv cheeb tsam, uas yog, 21st Light Division thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm 90th Panzer. Kev faib. Tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias 28th Panzer Division tau tig mus rau sab qaum teb thiab txiav nws txoj kev khiav tawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm X Corps. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, General Auchinleck tau hais kom cov corps muab faib ua txhua kab thiab tawm tsam rau sab qab teb, kom tawg los ntawm kev tsim cov tsis muaj zog 29th Dlek mus rau qhov chaw tiaj tus ntawm Marsa Matrouh thiab Minkar Sidi Hamzakh, los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm X Corps. tig sab hnub tuaj thiab hmo ntuj ntawm 29 Lub Rau Hli 7 nws tau khiav tawm cov Germans ntawm Fuqua. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 16, Marsa Matruh raug ntes los ntawm 6000 Bersaglieri Regiment ntawm Pistoia Infantry Regiment, cov Italians tau ntes txog XNUMX Khab Khab thiab Askiv.

Kev kaw ntawm cov tub rog German ntawm Fuqua kuj ua tsis tiav. Indian 29th Infantry Regiment ntawm 5th Indian Infantry Regiment tau sim npaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm no, tab sis German 21st Infantry Regiment tau tawm tsam nws ua ntej kev npaj ua tiav. Tsis ntev, Italian 133rd Division "Littorio" tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab Indian pab tub rog raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. Cov tub rog tsis tau rov tsim dua, thiab thaum Indian 5th Infantry Division raug tshem tawm mus rau Iraq thaum lub Yim Hli 1942, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Is Nrias teb thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942 los tawm tsam hauv Burma hauv 1943-1945, 123 tau nyob hauv Is Nrias teb cov kev faib tau suav nrog. nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. BP muaj pes tsawg leeg los hloov qhov tawg 29th BP. Tus thawj coj ntawm 29th BP, Brig. Denis W. Reed raug ntes nyob rau lub Rau Hli 28, 1942 thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho Italian neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj. Nws tau khiav tawm thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943 thiab tau tswj hwm los koom nrog cov tub rog Askiv hauv tebchaws Ltalis, qhov chaw uas nws tau hais rau Indian 1944th Infantry Division nrog rau qib ntawm tus thawj coj hauv xyoo 1945-10.

Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog Askiv raug yuam kom rov qab mus rau El Alamein, thiab Fuca raug tua. Ib qho kev sib cav sib ceg pib, thaum kawg cov Germans thiab Italians raug ntes.

Thawj Tsov Rog ntawm El Alamein

Lub nroog me me ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm El Alamein, nrog nws qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev ntug hiav txwv, nyob ob peb kilometers sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm thaj av ntsuab ntawm Nile Delta. Txoj kev ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau Alexandria yog 113 km ntawm El Alamein. Cairo yog li 250 km, nyob rau ntawm Nile ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub delta. Ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua suab puam, qhov no yeej tsis ntau. Tab sis ntawm no cov suab puam xaus - nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab ntawm Cairo mus rau sab qab teb, El Hamam rau sab hnub poob (kwv yees li 10 km ntawm El Alamein) thiab Suez kwj dej mus rau sab hnub tuaj yog lub ntsuab Nile Delta nrog nws cov liaj teb thiab lwm qhov chaw uas muaj cov nroj tsuag tuab. . Nile Delta stretches mus rau hiav txwv rau 175 km thiab dav li 220 km. Nws muaj ob ceg tseem ceeb ntawm Nile: Damietta thiab Rosetta, nrog ntau tus me me thiab cov kwj dej, cov pas dej ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov pas dej. Qhov no yeej tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau maneuver.

Txawm li cas los xij, El Alamein nws tus kheej tseem yog suab puam. Qhov chaw no tau xaiv feem ntau vim tias nws sawv cev rau qhov kev nqaim ntawm thaj chaw tsim nyog rau tsheb khiav, los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau Qattara swampy phiab. Nws ncav cuag 200 km rau sab qab teb, ua rau nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem mus ncig nws los ntawm cov suab puam qhib los ntawm sab qab teb.

Thaj chaw no tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv nyob rau xyoo 1941. Nws tsis yog fortified nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus, tab sis teb fortifications tau tsim nyob rau ntawm no, uas tam sim no tsuas yog tseem yuav tsum tau hloov kho thiab, yog hais tias ua tau, nthuav. General Claude Auchinleck tau ntse heev hloov kev tiv thaiv mus rau hauv qhov tob, tsis tso tag nrho cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv txoj hauj lwm, tab sis tsim maneuver reserves thiab lwm kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ob peb kilometers qab lub ntsiab kab nyob ze El Alamein. Minefields kuj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv tsawg dua. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog coj cov yeeb ncuab txav mus los ntawm cov minefields, uas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov phom loj loj. Txhua qhov ntawm cov tub rog tub rog uas tsim cov haujlwm tiv thaiv ("cov thawv rau African ib txwm ua") tau txais ob lub roj teeb phom loj los txhawb nqa, thiab cov phom loj uas tseem tshuav tau tsom mus rau cov pab pawg nrog cov tub rog thiab tub rog tub rog. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pab pawg no yog xa cov hluav taws muaj zog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab kab uas yuav nkag mus tob rau hauv cov kab tiv thaiv Askiv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov tub rog 8 tau txais 57-mm 6-pounder anti-tank phom tshiab, uas tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tau siv tiav kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog.

Los ntawm qhov no, Lub Yim Hli Ntuj muaj peb pab tub rog. XXX Corps (Lieutenant General C. Willoughby M. Norrie) tau coj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm El Alamein mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj. Nws muaj 8th Australian Infantry nyob rau hauv thawj kab, uas tso ob tug infantry brigades nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab: lub 9th BP tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab 20th BP me ntsis ntxiv rau sab qab teb. Lub koom haum thib peb, Australian 24th BP, nyob ze li ntawm 26 km ntawm El Alamein, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov chaw uas cov neeg mus ncig xyuas khoom kim heev nyob niaj hnub no. Lub 10th South African Infantry Regiment tau nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm 9th Australian Infantry Division nrog peb pab tub rog nyob rau hauv thawj kab ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb: 1st BP, 3rd BP thiab 1st BP. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau sab qab teb, ntawm kev sib tshuam nrog 2nd Corps, Indian 9th BP ntawm Indian 5th Infantry Division tau los tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm XXX Corps, kev tiv thaiv tau tuav los ntawm XIII Corps (Lieutenant General William H. E. Gott). Nws 4th Indian Infantry Division tau tuav haujlwm ntawm Ruweisat Ridge nrog nws 5th thiab 7th BP (Indian), thaum nws 2nd New Zealand 5th BP yog me ntsis rau sab qab teb, nrog New Zealand 6th thiab 4th BP. -m BP hauv kev pabcuam; Nws 4th BP raug tshem tawm rov qab mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws. Indian 11th Infantry Division tsuas muaj ob pab tub rog, nws 132nd Infantry Division tau swb ntawm Tobruk txog ib hlis dhau los. Lub British 44th BP, 4th Lub Nroog Hauv Tsev Infantry, tiv thaiv sab qaum teb ntawm 2nd Indian Infantry, tau raug xa mus rau New Zealand 4th Infantry, txawm hais tias nws nyob rau sab nraud ntawm XNUMXth Indian Infantry.

Tom qab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tiv thaiv yog X Corps (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes). Nws suav nrog 44 Lub Tsev Hauv Nroog Infantry Division nrog rau 133rd Infantry Division (lub 44th Infantry Division ces tsuas muaj ob pab tub rog; 1942st Infantry Division tau ntxiv tom qab lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 131) uas tuav txoj haujlwm raws Alam-el Halfa ridge, faib. lub tiaj tshaj El Alamein nyob rau hauv ib nrab, lub ridge stretched ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Cov corps no kuj muaj ib qho armored cia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 7th Panzer Division (4th Bpk, 7th Bpk) txuas mus rau sab laug ntawm sab qab teb tis ntawm lub 10th Corps, nrog rau lub 8th Infantry Division (muaj tsuas yog XNUMXth Bpk) nyob. txoj haujlwm ntawm Alam el Halfa ridge.

Lub ntsiab lus German-Italian tawm tsam thaum pib lub Xya Hli 1942 yog, ntawm chav kawm, German Afrika Korps, uas, tom qab muaj mob (thiab ntes rau lub Tsib Hlis 29, 1942) ntawm armored general Ludwig Krüwel, raug txib los ntawm armored general Walter Nehring. . Lub sijhawm no, DAK muaj peb pawg.

Lub 15th Panzer Division, ib ntus raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel W. Eduard Krasemann, muaj 8th Tank Regiment (ob battalions, peb lub tuam txhab ntawm PzKpfw III thiab PzKfpw II lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lub tuam txhab ntawm PzKpfw IV nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam), 115th Motorized Rifle Regiment (peb battalions, plaub lub tuam txhab motorized txhua), 33rd Regiment (peb squadrons, peb howitzer roj teeb txhua), 33rd Reconnaissance Battalion (lub tuam txhab armored, motorized reconnaissance tuam txhab, hnyav tuam txhab), 78th Anti-Tank Squadron (anti-tank roj teeb thiab self-propelled anti-tank roj teeb), 33rd kev sib txuas lus battalion, 33rd engineer thiab logistics battalion. Raws li koj tuaj yeem kwv yees, kev faib tsis tiav, lossis ntau dua, nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ntawm cov tub rog ntxiv.

Lub 21st Panzer Division, nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant General Georg von Bismarck, muaj tib lub koom haum, thiab nws cov tub rog thiab battalion tooj muaj raws li nram no: 5th Panzer Regiment, 104th Motorized Rifle Regiment, 155th Artillery Regiment, 3rd reconnaissance battalion, 39th. tank squadron, 200th engineer battalion. thiab 200th Signal Batalion. Qhov tseeb nthuav txog kev faib cov phom loj yog tias nyob rau hauv thib peb, ob lub roj teeb muaj 150-mm tus kheej-propelled howitzers ntawm lub chassis ntawm Fabkis Lorraine transporters - 15cm sFH 13-1 (Sf) auf GW Lorraine Schlepper. (f). Lub 21st Panzer Division tseem tsis muaj zog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab muaj 188 tus tub ceev xwm, 786 tus tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm thiab 3842 tus tub rog, tag nrho ntawm 4816 tawm tsam ib txwm (atypical rau nws) 6740 tus neeg. Nws yog qhov phem dua nrog cov cuab yeej, vim tias qhov kev faib muaj 4 PzKpfw II, 19 PzKpfw III (37 mm cannon), 7 PzKpfw III (50 mm cannon), ib PzKpfw IV (short-barreled) thiab ib PzKpfw IV (ntev-barreled), 32 tso tsheb hlau luam Txhua yam nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Lub 90th Light Division, nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Armored General Ulrich Kleemann, muaj ob feem ntawm lub cev muaj zog infantry regiments ntawm ob battalions: lub 155th Infantry Regiment thiab 200th Infantry Regiment. Lwm qhov, 361st, tau ntxiv tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1942. Cov tom kawg yog cov neeg German uas tau ua haujlwm hauv Fab Kis Txawv Tebchaws Legion txog xyoo 1940. Raws li koj tuaj yeem xav, qhov no tsis tau txhais raws nraim tib neeg cov khoom. Kev faib tawm kuj suav nrog 190th artillery regiment nrog ob lub howitzers (qhov thib peb faib tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 1942), thiab lub roj teeb thib peb ntawm qhov thib ob muaj plaub 10,5 cm Kanone 18 105 mm, 580 phom es tsis txhob howitzers. Tank regiment squadron, 190th Signal Battalion thiab 190th Engineer Battalion.

Tsis tas li ntawd, DAK suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no: 605th anti-tank squadron, 606th thiab 609th anti-aircraft squadrons.

Ib kem ntawm ceev ceev Crusader II tso tsheb hlau luam nrog 40 mm cannon, uas tau nruab nrog armored brigades ntawm British armored divisions.

Lub Italian Panzerarmee Afrika quab yuam muaj peb corps. Lub 17th Corps (Corps General Benvenuto Joda) muaj 27th Pavia Division thiab 60th Brescia Division; 102nd Corps (Corps General Enea Navarrini) muaj 132nd Sabrata Division thiab 101st Division. th DPzmot "Trento" thiab ua ib feem. lub XX Motorized Corps (Corps General Ettore Baldassare) muaj xws li: 133rd DPanc "Ariete" thiab 25th DPZmot "Trieste". Ncaj nraim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog cov lus txib yog lub XNUMXth Infantry Division "Littorio" thiab XNUMXth Infantry Division "Bologna". Cov Italians, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj cai lawv ua raws li cov Germans, kuj raug kev txom nyem loj heev thiab lawv cov formations raug depleted heev. Nws yog tsim nyog hais txog ntawm no tias tag nrho cov kev faib Italian yog ob-regimental, thiab tsis yog peb-regimental lossis peb-infantry, xws li nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Erwin Rommel tau npaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm El Alamein thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 1942, tab sis cov tub rog German, vim muaj teeb meem nrog kev xa cov roj, mus txog cov haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv tsuas yog ib hnub tom qab. Lub siab xav tawm tsam sai li sai tau txhais tau hais tias nws tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse. Yog li, 21st Armored Division tau npaj txhij tau ntsib Indian 18th Infantry Brigade, tsis ntev los no tau pauv los ntawm Palestine, uas tau coj kev tiv thaiv hauv cheeb tsam Deir el-Abyad ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Ruweisat ridge, faib qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab El Alamein. Qattara Kev Nyuaj Siab, yuav luag sib npaug sib npaug hauv ib nrab. Cov tub rog tau txhawb nqa nrog 10 23-pounder howitzers (25 mm), 87,6 16-pounder anti-tank phom (6 mm) thiab cuaj Matilda II tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev tawm tsam ntawm 57st DPank tau txiav txim siab, tab sis cov Khab Khab tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj, txawm tias tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Muaj tseeb tiag, thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 21, Indian 1th BP tau raug rhuav tshem tag nrho (thiab tsis tau rov tsim dua).

Qhov zoo dua yog 15th Armored Division, uas dhau los ntawm Indian 18th BP los ntawm sab qab teb, tab sis ob lub tuam txhab poob 18 ntawm lawv 55 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab thaum sawv ntxov Lub Xya Hli 2 lawv tuaj yeem ua 37 lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Tau kawg, kev ua haujlwm hnyav tau mus rau hauv kev cob qhia ua haujlwm, thiab qee lub sijhawm kho cov tshuab tau xa mus rau kab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tag nrho hnub poob, thiab lub sijhawm no General Auchinleck tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm lub ntsiab German nres. Tsis tas li ntawd, 90th Light Division kuj tau tawm tsam cov haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm South African 1st Infantry Division, txawm hais tias German lub hom phiaj yog los tawm tsam cov British txoj haujlwm ntawm El Alamein los ntawm sab qab teb thiab txiav tawm lub nroog los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm hiav txwv mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws. . Tsuas yog nyob rau yav tav su ntawm 90 tau Dlek tswj kom khiav tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab sim mus txog thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm El Alamein. Ntxiv dua thiab, lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev raug mob raug ploj. Lub 15th Armored Division tau tawm tsam British 22nd Armored Division, 21st Armored Division tiv thaiv 4th Armored Division, 1st 7th Armored Division thiab XNUMXth Armored Division raws li.