Naval sib ntaus sib tua rau Guadalcanal part 2
Cov khoom siv tub rog

Naval sib ntaus sib tua rau Guadalcanal part 2

27.07.2022 /

Ib lub nkoj tshiab hauv Asmeskas, USS Washington, yog tus yeej Nyij Pooj sib ntaus sib tua Kirishima hauv Kev Sib Tw Thib Ob ntawm Guadalcanal thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15, 1942.

Tom qab kev ntes ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Guadalcanal, cov tub rog Asmeskas tau muaj zog nyob ib puag ncig nws, tsis muaj zog txaus thiab txhais tau tias yuav ntes cov kob. Tom qab kev tawm ntawm Asmeskas cov nkoj mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, Marines tau nyob ib leeg. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, ob tog tau sim ua kom lawv lub zog ntawm cov kob, uas ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj. Lawv tau tawm tsam nrog ntau yam koob hmoov, tab sis thaum kawg, kev tawm tsam ntev dhau los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau cov neeg Asmeskas. Nws tsis yog hais txog qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawm kev poob, tab sis hais tias lawv tsis tau tso cai rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj kom poob Guadalcanal dua. Cov tub rog naval ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv qhov no.

Thaum lub Kontradm thauj mus. Turner, Marines nyob ib leeg ntawm Guadalcanal. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm rub tawm 155-mm howitzer squadron ntawm 11th Marine Regiment (Artillery) thiab 127-mm cov phom loj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm 3rd Defensive Division. Tam sim no ib qho ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm yog los tsim kom muaj qhov chaw ruaj khov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tshav dav hlau (hauv ib txoj hlua nrog qhov dav ntawm 9 km) thiab coj lub tshav dav hlau mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lub tswv yim yog los tso ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv cov kob, uas yuav ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua kom ntxiv dag zog rau lub Japanese garrison thiab npog lawv tus kheej mov thauj ntawm txoj kev mus rau Guadalcanal.

Kev sib piv rau yav tom ntej Asmeskas tub rog ntawm cov kob (lub npe hu ua Cactus Air Force, txij li cov neeg Asmeskas hu ua Guadalcanal "Cactus") yog lub hauv paus tub rog Nyij Pooj hauv thaj av Rabaul ntawm New Britain. Tom qab Asmeskas tawm tsam Guadalcanal, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tuav lub 25th Air Flotilla ntawm Rabaul, uas yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm 26th Air Flotilla. Tom qab tuaj txog ntawm qhov kawg, nws raug kho raws li kev txhawb nqa, tsis yog kev tso siab. Cov kev sib xyaw ntawm aviation hauv Rabaul tau hloov pauv, tab sis thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1942, piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

  • 11. Aviation Fleet, Vice Adm. Nishizo Tsukahara, Rabaul;
  • 25th Air Flotilla (Commander for Logistics Sadayoshi Hamada): Tainan Air Group - 50 Zero 21, Tōkō Air Group - 6 B5N Kate, 2nd Air Group - 8 Zero 32, 7 D3A Val;
  • 26th Air Flotilla (Vice Admiral Yamagata Seigo): Misawa Air Group - 45 G4M Betty, 6th Air Group - 28 Zero 32, 31st Air Group - 6 D3A Val, 3 G3M Nell;
  • 21. Air Flotilla (Rinosuke Ichimaru): 751. Air Group - 18 G4M Betty, Yokohama Air Group - 8 H6K Mavis, 3 H8K Emily, 12 A6M2-N Rufe.

Lub Imperial Nyij Pooj hauv av rog uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau Guadalcanal yog 17th Army, txib los ntawm Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake. General Hyakutake, thaum tseem yog tub rog tub rog, yog tus tub rog Nyij Pooj hauv Warsaw los ntawm 1925-1927. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Kwantung Army thiab tom qab ntawd tuav ntau txoj haujlwm hauv Nyij Pooj. Xyoo 1942, cov lus txib ntawm nws 17th Army tau nyob hauv Rabaul. Nws tau txib 2nd Infantry Division "Sendai" hauv Philippines thiab Java, 38th Infantry Division "Nagoya" hauv Sumatra thiab Borneo, 35th Infantry Brigade hauv Palau thiab 28th Infantry Regiment (los ntawm 7th Infantry Division) hauv Truk. . Tom qab ntawd, lub 18th Army tshiab tau tsim los ua haujlwm hauv New Guinea.

Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto kuj tau pib sib sau ua ke los cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam Solomon. Ua ntej, 2nd Fleet raug xa mus rau New Britain raws li kev txib ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj. Nobutake Kondo, muaj xws li 4th cruiser squadron (tus flagship hnyav cruiser Atago thiab tus ntxaib Takao thiab Maya) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ncaj qha ntawm Tus Lwm Admiral. Kondo thiab 5th cruiser squadron (hnyav cruisers Myoko thiab Haguro) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Vice Adm. Takeo Takagi. Lub tsib lub nkoj hnyav tau raug coj los ntawm 4th Destroyer Flotilla raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Kontrrad. Tamotsu Takama aboard lub teeb cruiser Yura. Lub flotilla suav nrog Kuroshio, Oyashio, Hayashio, Minegumo, Natsugumo thiab Asagumo. Seaplane transporter Chitose tau ntxiv rau pab pawg. Tag nrho cov khoom tau sau tias yog "advanced command".

Tsis txhob tsom rau cov tub rog ntawm Navy rau hauv ib pab neeg muaj zog, lossis pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv kev sib raug zoo, ze rau nws, adm. Yamamoto tau faib lub nkoj mus rau ntau pawg tactical, uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg. Qhov kev sib cais ntawd tsis ua haujlwm hauv Coral Hiav Txwv, nws tsis ua haujlwm ntawm Midway, nws tsis ua haujlwm ntawm Guadalcanal. Vim li cas qhov kev txuas mus rau cov lus qhuab qhia ib txwm muaj ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog? Xav tias yog vim cov thawj coj tam sim no tau txhawb nqa nws ua ntej ua tsov rog thiab hais kom ob tus thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ua raws li nws. Tam sim no lawv puas lees tias lawv tsis yog lawm? Lub nkoj tau muab faib ua ntu kom "tsis meej pem" cov yeeb ncuab thiab cuam tshuam lawv lub zog, nrog rau cov tswv yim zoo li no txhais tau hais tias ib pawg neeg tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem yooj yim dua hauv kev tawm tsam tom ntej.

Nws yog vim li no tias, ntxiv rau "pab pawg tom ntej", "pem hauv ntej pab pawg" nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm kev tawm tsam (lub npe hu ua "Kido Butai") raug cais tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Hiroaki Ab. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus txib no yog ob lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, Hiei (flagship) thiab Kirishima, escorted los ntawm lub dav hlau carrier cruiser Chikuma ntawm 8th Cruiser Squadron. Cov pab pawg no kuj suav nrog 7th cruiser squadron, uas tau txib los ntawm lub tsheb tom qab. Shoji Nishimura nrog lub nkoj hnyav Kumano thiab Suzuya thiab 10th Destroyer Flotilla nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Counterrad. Susumu Kimura: lub teeb cruiser Nagara thiab destroyers Nowaki, Maikaze thiab Tanikaze.

Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Kido Butai nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Adm. Chuichi Nagumo suav nrog lub nkoj thib 3 nyob rau hauv nws cov lus txib ncaj qha: lub dav hlau thauj khoom Shokaku thiab Zuikaku, lub teeb dav hlau thauj khoom Ryujo, tus so ntawm 8th cruiser squadron - lub nkoj nkoj nkoj nkoj Tone thiab cov neeg tua hluav taws (tseem ceeb ntawm 10th flotilla): "Tsev", "Tsev", "Tsev". , Kamigumigumo Hatsukaze, Akizuki, Amatsukaze thiab Tokitsukaze. Muaj ob pab pawg ntxiv, "cov pab pawg txhawb nqa" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Mutsu" raws li cov lus txib ntawm Captain Mutsu, com. Teijiro Yamazumi, uas kuj suav nrog peb tus neeg tua neeg "Harusame", "Samidare" thiab "Murasame", nrog rau "cov pab pawg thaub qab" raws li tus kheej cov lus txib ntawm adm. Isoroku Yamamoto, suav nrog lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua Yamato, lub dav hlau thauj khoom Junyō, cov neeg caij dav hlau thauj Taiyo, thiab ob lub nkoj tua Akebono thiab Ushio.

Lub dav hlau thauj khoom Junyō ​​​​yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho cov neeg caij nkoj Kashiwara Maru ua ntej nws ua tiav. Ib yam li ntawd, tus neeg tsav dav hlau zoo sib xws Hiy tau ua rau ntawm lub cev ntawm ob lub liner Izumo Maru, kuj tau yuav thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho los ntawm tus tswv nkoj Nippon Yusen Kaisha. Txij li cov chav no qeeb dhau (tsawg dua 26 xyoo pua), lawv tsis raug suav tias yog cov neeg nqa dav hlau, txawm hais tias lawv loj dhau rau lub teeb dav hlau thauj (tshaj 24 tons).

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog tag nrho, vim tias txoj haujlwm ntawm kev xa cov tsheb thauj mus los nrog kev txhawb nqa thiab khoom siv rau Guadalcanal tau raug xa mus rau lwm pab pawg - 8th Fleet nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj. Gunichi Mikawa. Nws muaj ncaj qha los ntawm hnyav cruiser Chōkai thiab 6th Cruiser Squadron nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Kontrrad. Aritomo Goto nrog cov nkoj hnyav Aoba, Kinugasa thiab Furutaka. Lawv tau them los ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws los ntawm 2nd Destroyer Flotilla raws li kev txib ntawm Kontrrad. Raizō Tanaka nrog lub teeb cruiser Jintsu thiab lub destroyers Suzukaze, Kawakaze, Umikaze, Isokaze, Yayoi, Mutsuki thiab Uzuki. Lub zog no tau koom nrog plaub lub nkoj escort (Nos. 1, 2, 34 thiab 35), uas tau rov tsim kho cov neeg tua hluav taws qub, nrog rau ob rab phom 120 hli thiab ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab qhov tob nqi poob txhua.

Nov yog 8th Vice Admiral ntawm Fleet. Mikawi tau raug xa mus rau 28th Infantry Regiment raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel F. Kiyonao Ichika rau Guadalcanal. Cov tub rog tau muab faib ua ob ntu. Ib qho kev faib cais ntawm cov tub rog, suav nrog 916 tus tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog ntawm Colonel V. Ichiki, ntawm lub taub hau, yuav tsum thauj rau 700 tus neeg tua neeg nyob rau hauv lub npog ntawm hmo ntuj: Kagero, Hagikaze, Arashi, Tanikaze, Hamakaze thiab Urakaze. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov seem ntawm cov tub rog (kwv yees li 34 tus txiv neej ntxiv rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom hnyav) yuav tsum tau thauj mus rau Guadalcanal los ntawm ob tug thauj, Boston Maru thiab Daifuku Maru, escorted los ntawm lub teeb cruiser Jintsu thiab ob patrols, No. 35 thiab 800. Qhov thib peb ntawm kev thauj mus los, Kinryū Maru, nqa txog 5 tus tub rog los ntawm Yokosuka 2400th Marine Division. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 8 tus neeg raug xa mus rau Guadalcanal los ntawm Truk Island, thiab XNUMXth Fleet mus raws li kev thauj mus los ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus adm. Yamamoto tau muab npog ntxiv thaum tus thawj coj Nyij Pooj vam tias yuav rub cov neeg Asmeskas mus rau lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab tawm tsam rov qab rau Midway.

Lub zog ntawm adm. Yamamota tawm hauv Nyij Pooj thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, 1942. Ib me ntsis tom qab, kev thauj mus los ntawm Truk sab laug los tswj hwm tag nrho cov haujlwm, uas cov neeg Nyij Pooj hu ua "Operation Ka".

Failure of Operation Ka

Lub Yim Hli 15, 1942, Asmeskas cov nkoj xa khoom tuaj txog ntawm Guadalcanal thawj zaug txij li kev tsaws. Muaj tseeb tiag, tsuas yog plaub lub nkoj rhuav tshem tau hloov mus rau hauv kev thauj mus los: USS Colhoun, USS Little, USS Gregory thiab USS McKean, tab sis lawv tau nqa thawj cov khoom tsim nyog los npaj lub tshav dav hlau ntawm Lunga Point (Henderson Field). Muaj 400 lub thoob roj, 32 lub thoob roj nplua nyeem, 282 lub foob pob hnyav 45-227 kg, cov khoom seem thiab cov cuab yeej pabcuam.

Ib hnub tom qab, tus qub Japanese destroyer Oite tau muab 113 pab tub rog thiab khoom siv rau lub koog pov txwv cov tub rog Nyij Pooj, suav nrog cov koom haum pab tub rog, cov tub rog tsim kho, thiab cov tub rog Kauslim ntau tus qhev uas tsis tuaj yeem pom cov kob tiv thaiv. Japanese Marines, suav nrog cov seem ntawm Kure's 3rd Marine Group thiab cov khoom tshiab tuaj txog ntawm Yokosuka's 5th Marine Group, tau muab tso rau sab hnub poob ntawm American beachhead ntawm Henderson Field. Cov Japanese hauv av rog, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, fortified mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm tus choj taub hau.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, peb tus neeg tua neeg Nyij Pooj, Kagero, Hagikaze, thiab Arashi, raug rho tawm haujlwm rau US Marines thiab Asmeskas tsis muaj lus teb. Tseem tsis tau npaj 127 mm coastal artillery pieces. Tom qab ntawd tuaj ib lub rooj B-17 los ntawm 11th Espiritu Santo Bombardment Group, tsav los ntawm Major J. James Edmundson. Tsuas yog ib qho tam sim no npaj ya. Nws tau tso ib lub foob pob rau cov neeg tua neeg Nyij Pooj los ntawm qhov siab txog 1500 m thiab, xav tsis thoob, ib lub foob pob tawg! Destroyer Hagikaze raug ntaus nyob rau hauv lub stern ntawm lub ntsiab lub ntsiab turret

cal. 127 mm pob - 227 kg.

Lub foob pob tau rhuav tshem lub turret, dej nyab lub aft mos txwv rack, puas rudder thiab tsoo ib tug ntsia hlau, txo tus destroyer ceev mus rau 6 V. Nrog 33 tua thiab 13 tus raug mob, lub Hagikaze escorted Arashi rau Truk, qhov chaw uas nws tau kho. Kev tua nres. Major Edmundson taug kev qis qis ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Henderson Field thiab hais lus zoo rau cov qw ntawm Marines.

Lub Yim Hli 20, thawj lub dav hlau tuaj txog ntawm Henderson Field: 19 F4F Wildcats los ntawm VMF-223, txib los ntawm Capt. F. John L. Smith, thiab 12 SBD Dauntless los ntawm VMSB-232, txib los ntawm ib tug loj. Richard S. Mangrum. Cov dav hlau no tau tawm ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom USS Long Island (CVE-1), Asmeskas thawj lub nkoj thauj khoom thauj. Hmo ntawd, muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm 850 tus tub rog Nyij Pooj raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel S. Ichiki, uas tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm Japanese detachment. Ntawm 916 cua tshuab cov tub rog ntawm 28th Infantry Regiment, tsuas yog 128 tus ciaj sia.

Lub caij no, lub nkoj Nyij Pooj tau mus txog Guadalcanal. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, lub nkoj ya Nyij Pooj tau pom USS Long Island thiab ua yuam kev nws rau lub dav hlau thauj khoom ntawm US lub nkoj loj. Ib qho kev txhawb nqa peb-nkoj lub nkoj spearheaded counterattack coj los ntawm cov tub rog Nyij Pooj. Raizo Tanaka tau raug yuam kom tig mus rau sab qaum teb kom coj Asmeskas cov dav hlau thauj mus rau hauv Rabaul thaj chaw tub rog. Los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ntawm qhov tod tes, ib lub nkoj xa khoom Asmeskas nrog thauj USS Fomalhaut (AKA-5) thiab USS Alhena (AKA-9) hauv kev thauj mus los ncaj qha ntawm cov nkoj tua USS Blue (DD-387), USS Henley (DD-391) . ) thiab USS Helm tau mus txog Guadalcanal (DD-388). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, daim npog dawb ntawm lub rooj sib txoos muaj peb pawg tawm tsam raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj. Frank "Jack" Fletcher.

Nws txib USS Saratoga (CV-3), lub dav hlau thauj khoom ntawm Task Force 11, nqa 28 F4Fs (VF-5), 33 SBDs (VB-3 thiab VS-3) thiab 13 TBF Avengers (VT-8). Lub dav hlau thauj khoom tau coj los ntawm cov nkoj loj USS Minneapolis (CA-36) thiab USS New Orleans (CA-32) thiab cov nkoj tua USS Phelps (DD-360), USS Farragut (DD-348), USS Worden (DD-352). ). , USS Macdonough (DD-351) thiab USS Dale (DD-353).

Pab pawg thib ob ntawm Task Force 16 nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Counterradm. Thomas C. Kincaid tau teeb tsa nyob ib ncig ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom USS Enterprise (CV-6). Nyob rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm yog 29 F4F (VF-6), 35 SBD (VB-6, VS-5) thiab 16 TBF (VT-3). TF-16 tau them los ntawm: lub nkoj tshiab USS North Carolina (BB-55), lub nkoj loj USS Portland (CA-33), lub nkoj tiv thaiv dav hlau USS Atlanta (CL-51) thiab cov nkoj tua USS Balch (DD- 363), USS Maury (DD-401), USS Ellet (DD-398), USS Benham (DD-397), USS Grayson (DD-435), thiab USS Monssen (DD-436).

Pab pawg thib peb ntawm Task Force 18 nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Counterrad. Lee H. Noyes tau teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig lub dav hlau thauj khoom USS Wasp (CV-7). Nws nqa 25 F4Fs (VF-71), 27 SBDs (VS-71 thiab VS-72), 10 TBFs (VT-7) thiab ib qho amphibious J2F Duck. Cov neeg taug kev tau nqa los ntawm cov nkoj hnyav USS San Francisco (CA-38) thiab USS Salt Lake City (CA-25), lub nkoj tiv thaiv dav hlau USS Juneau (CL-52) thiab cov nkoj tua USS Farenholt (DD-491), USS Aaron. Ward (DD-483), USS Buchanan (DD-484), USS Lang (DD-399), USS Stack (DD-406), USS Sterett (DD-407) thiab USS Selfridge (DD-357).

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dav hlau tshiab tuaj txog ntawm Gaudalcanal, thiab 11th bomber pawg (25 B-17E / F) thiab 33 PBY-5 Catalina nrog VP-11, VP-14, VP-23 thiab VP-72 tau nyob ntawm Espiritu. . Santo.

Ntxiv ib saib