McFREMM - Cov neeg Amelikas yuav daws qhov FFG(X).

Kev pom ntawm FFG(X) raws li kev tsim ntawm Italian frigate FREMM. Qhov sib txawv tau pom meej meej thiab feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov duab ntawm cov qib siab ntawm cov qauv tsim, uas peb lub kav hlau txais xov ntawm AN / SPY-6 (V) 3 chaw nres tsheb tau teeb tsa, lub mast tshiab, zoo ib yam li cov qauv tsim los ntawm Arleigh Burke. destroyers, foob pob ua ntxaij thiab artillery riam phom, tau muab tso rau.

Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 30, US Department of Defense tau ua tiav qhov kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb rau kev xaiv lub tuam txhab kev lag luam uas yuav tsim thiab tsim lub cim tshiab ntawm missile frigates, hu ua FFG (X), rau US Navy. Qhov kev pabcuam no, kom deb li deb tau dhau los ntawm kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm Arleigh Burke missile destroyers, tau ua tiav hauv qhov tsis yog-Asmeskas style. Qhov kev txiav txim siab nws tus kheej yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li lub hauv paus rau kev tsim lub neej yav tom ntej FFG (X) platform yuav yog Italian version ntawm European multi-purpose frigate FREMM.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab FFG(X), xav tau nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo no, yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav qhia - rau qhov tseeb niaj hnub no. Kev sib tw rau kev siv cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm ntawm lub frigate tshiab missile frigate tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Defense thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 2017, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 16, 2018, cov ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog tsib tus neeg thov. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm $ 21,4 lab los npaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog kom txog thaum tus neeg siv khoom xaiv qhov kawg ntawm lub platform. Vim yog kev xav tau kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov nqi, cov neeg Amelikas tau tso tseg txoj kev tsim kho tshiab tag nrho. Cov neeg tuaj koom yuav tsum tau ua raws li lawv lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm.

Lwm tus qauv tsim ntawm Lub Tebchaws Qub hauv kev sib tw rau FFG (X) platform yog Spanish frigate Álvaro de Bazán, nthuav tawm los ntawm General Dynamics Bath Iron Works. Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws tau siv, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov npe ntawm cov neeg sib tw suav nrog cov pab pawg hauv qab no:

• • Austal USA (tus thawj coj, chaw nres nkoj), General Dynamics (kev sib ntaus sib tua systems integrator, tsim tus neeg sawv cev), platform - hloov kho qhov project ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub nkoj LCS Indenpedence;
  • Fincantieri Marinette Marine (tus thawj coj, chaw nres nkoj), Gibbs & Cox (tus neeg tsim qauv), Lockheed Martin (kev sib ntaus sib tua sib koom ua ke), platform - FREMM-hom frigate yoog rau Asmeskas cov cai;
  • General Dynamics Bath Iron Works (tus thawj coj, shipyard), Raytheon (combat systems integrator), Navantia (project tsum), platform - Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate adapted to American requirements;
  • Huntington Ingalls Industries (tus thawj coj, shipyard), platform - hloov loj patrol nkoj lus dab neeg;
  • Lockheed Martin (tus thawj coj), Gibbs & Cox (tus neeg tsim qauv), Marinette Marine (shipyard), platform - hloov kho Freedom-class LCS ntau lub hom phiaj nkoj.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv 2018, qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv German thyssenkrupp Marine Systems raws li ib tug platform rau MEKO A200 project, nrog rau cov British BAE Systems Type 26 (uas nyob rau hauv lub meantime tau txais kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub UK, Canada thiab Australia) thiab Iver Huitfield Odense Maritime Technology nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm tsoomfwv Danish, tau txiav txim siab ..

Kev sib tw hauv qhov kev pab cuam FFG(X) tau tsim qhov xwm txheej nthuav. LCS cov koom tes koom tes (Lockheed Martin thiab Fincantieri Marinette Marine) tsim txoj kev ywj pheej thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv ntawm Multi-Mission Surface Combatant rau Saudi Arabia (tam sim no hu ua chav Saud) ib nrab sawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev thaiv. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias qhov xwm txheej no - tsis tas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom - yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej uas ua rau tshem tawm Lockheed Martin pab pawg los ntawm kev sib tw, uas tau tshaj tawm rau lub Tsib Hlis 28, 2019. Raws li txoj cai, yog vim li cas rau cov kauj ruam no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov cai ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov loj dua ntawm Kev ywj pheej-chav nkoj nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, Lockheed Martin tsis poob tus neeg xa khoom raws li txoj cai hauv FFG(X) qhov kev pab cuam, raws li nws tau raug xaiv los ntawm US Navy ua tus xa khoom ntawm cov khoom lossis cov tshuab uas yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov chav tshiab.

Thaum kawg, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ministry of Defense thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 30, 2020, qhov yeej tau muab rau Fincantieri Marinette Marine. Lub nkoj nkoj hauv Marinette, Wisconsin, ib lub koom haum ntawm Manitowoc Marine Group, tau yuav los ntawm nws los ntawm Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri hauv 2009. Nws tau kos npe rau $ 795,1 lab daim ntawv cog lus hauv lub Plaub Hlis rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv frigate, FFG(X). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws suav nrog cov kev xaiv rau lwm cuaj chav tsev, kev siv uas yuav ua rau tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nce mus txog $ 5,5 billion. Txhua txoj haujlwm, suav nrog cov kev xaiv, yuav tsum ua kom tiav thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2035. Kev tsim kho thawj lub nkoj yuav tsum pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2022, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau teem sijhawm rau lub Plaub Hlis 2026.

Txawm hais tias ib qho ntawm lawv yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lub sijhawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws tau tso cai koom nrog, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau dhau los ua qhov xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm US Navy, muaj ob peb kis ntawm kev siv cov nkoj tsim nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog lwm yam piv txwv ntawm US-Italian maritime kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1991-1995, nyob rau hauv lub factories ntawm Litton Avondale Industries nyob rau hauv New Orleans thiab Intermarine USA nyob rau hauv Savannah, 12 Osprey composite mine destroyers tau tsim raws li qhov project ntawm Italian units ntawm Lerici hom, tsim los ntawm Intermarine shipyard nyob rau hauv Sarzana ze La Spezia. . Lawv tau ua haujlwm txog xyoo 2007, tom qab ntawd ib nrab ntawm lawv tau muab pov tseg, thiab muag ua khub rau tim Nkij teb chaws, Egypt thiab koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Interestingly, tsis muaj ib lub koom haum poob tau xaiv ua ntawv tsis txaus siab rau US Government Accountability Office (GAO). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas yuav ua raws li lub sijhawm tsim qauv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg cuam tshuam nrog Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Navy (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer, tau muab tso tseg thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 24, 2019, lub tsev tsim qauv yuav tsum hu ua USS Agility thiab muaj tactical tooj FFG 80. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tau tos. rau cov ntaub ntawv official ntawm no.

Tshiab frigates rau US Navy

Qhov kev txiav txim rau hom tshiab escort nkoj los ntawm US Navy yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev soj ntsuam uas pom tau tias qhov kev sim nrog ntau lub hom phiaj reconfigurable ships LCS (Littoral Combat Ships) tsis tau tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawg, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ministry of Defense, lawv txoj kev tsim kho yuav ua tiav ntawm 32 units (16 ntawm ob hom), uas tsuas yog 28 yuav ua haujlwm. Cov neeg Amelikas tab tom xav txog qhov kev tshem tawm ntxov ntxov ntawm thawj plaub (Kev ywj pheej , Kev ywj pheej, Fort Worth thiab Coronado , "tso tawm" rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho) thiab muab lawv rau cov phooj ywg, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov txheej txheem rau cov khoom tiv thaiv ntau dhau (EDA).

Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov kev tshawb pom kev ua haujlwm, uas tau hais meej meej tias LCS yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej ua haujlwm tawm tsam thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tag nrho (xav tias, piv txwv li, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj), thiab cov coob zuj zus tuaj. ntawm Arleigh-Burke-class destroyers tseem xav tau ntxiv. Raws li ib feem ntawm FFG (X) qhov kev pab cuam, US Navy npaj kom tau 20 tshiab-hom missile frigates. Thawj ob yuav tau txais los ntawm FY2020-2021 pob nyiaj siv, thiab los ntawm 2022, cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag yuav tsum tso cai rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob peb chav nyob hauv ib xyoos. Raws li thawj txoj kev npaj, kos rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm kev siv nyiaj rau xyoo 2019, thaum pib theem lawv yuav tsum tau xa tawm (hloov pauv) mus rau lub hauv paus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsawg kawg yog ob ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau tuav hauv Nyiv.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm FFG(X) yog ua haujlwm ywj pheej hauv dej hiav txwv thiab ntug dej hiav txwv, nrog rau kev ua hauv pab pawg hauv tebchaws thiab cov koom haum. Vim li no, lawv cov dej num muaj xws li: tiv thaiv cov tsheb thauj mus los, sib ntaus sib tua cov hom phiaj saum npoo av thiab hauv qab dej, thiab thaum kawg, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kev hem thawj asymmetric.

Frigates yuav tsum txuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov me thiab tsawg dua LCSs thiab cov neeg tua hluav taws. Lawv yuav coj lawv qhov chaw hauv cov qauv nkoj tom qab cov chav kawg ntawm chav kawm no - chav kawm Oliver Hazard Perry, uas tau ua tiav lawv cov kev pabcuam hauv US Navy hauv 2015. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub hom phiaj phiaj xwm yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim ntawm 20 units, tab sis xyoo no nws tau muab faib ua ob tranches ntawm 10 txhua. cov frigates tseem tshuav ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab lossis lwm tus neeg cog lus rau nkoj mus rau lub hauv paus Fincantieri / Gibbs & Cox project.

FREMM ntau American

Lub Plaub Hlis qhov kev txiav txim siab tau tsa cov lus nug tseem ceeb - FFG(X) frigates yuav zoo li cas? Ua tsaug rau txoj cai qhib ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm, tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm txog cov kev pabcuam niaj hnub ntawm cov tub rog, qee cov ntaub ntawv twb paub rau pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm US Congress ntawm Tsib Hlis 4, 2020.

Lub FFG(X) frigates yuav ua raws li cov kev daws teeb meem siv hauv Italian version ntawm FREMM chav kawm. Lawv yuav muaj qhov ntev ntawm 151,18 m, qhov dav ntawm 20 m thiab cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm 7,31 m. Qhov kev hloov pauv tag nrho tau txiav txim siab ntawm 7400 tons (nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm hom OH Perry - 4100 tons). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav loj dua cov protoplasts, uas ntsuas 144,6 m thiab tshem tawm 6700 tons. Visualizations kuj qhia tau tias tsis muaj ib lub teeb uas npog lub hull sonar kav hlau txais xov. Tej zaum vim hais tias lub ntsiab sonar systems yuav raug cab. Lub architecture ntawm cov add-ons kuj yuav txawv, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog txuam nrog kev siv ntawm txawv electronics thiab systems, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub ntsiab radar chaw nres tsheb.

Lub kaw lus tsav ntawm cov chav nyob yuav raug teeb tsa nrog CODLAG sab hauv combustion system (combined diesel-hluav taws xob thiab roj), uas yuav tso cai rau lub siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 26 knots thaum lub roj turbine thiab ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv hom kev lag luam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob motors, nws yuav tsum muaj tshaj 16 knots. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tactical zoo ntawm CODLAG system yog lub suab nrov uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thaum tsav tsheb ntawm hluav taws xob motors, uas yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum tshawb nrhiav thiab sib ntaus sib tua submarines. . Lub nkoj caij nkoj ntawm kev lag luam ceev ntawm 16 pob caus tau txiav txim siab ntawm 6000 nautical mais yam tsis muaj refueling ntawm hiav txwv.