Maryana 1944 part 2

USS Yorktown (CV-10), yog ib lub dav hlau thauj khoom ntawm TF 58. Winged aircraft - SB2C Helldiver dive bombers; qab lawv yog F6F Hellcat fighters.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hiav Txwv Philippine tau txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Mariana phiaj los nqis tes. Cov tub rog ntawm Saipanu, Guam thiab Tinian, txawm tias paub txog lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis muaj kev cia siab, tsis tau npaj siab tso lawv txhais tes.

Thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 18/19, 1944, Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv Philippine tsuas yog teev deb ntawm kev sib tsoo huab cua loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm. TF 58 - ib pab pawg neeg tsav dav hlau ceev ceev raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj. Mitcher - ua luam dej hauv tsib ntu, sib cais los ntawm 25 km. Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raws li nram no:

• TG 58.1 - lub dav hlau dav hlau thauj Hornet thiab Yorktown, lub teeb dav hlau thauj khoom Bello Wood thiab Bataan (lawv cov pab pawg dav hlau muaj 129 F6F-3 Hellcat fighters, 73 SB2C-1C Helldiver dive bombers thiab plaub SBD -5 Dauntless, 53 TBM / TBF - 1C Avenger bombers thiab torpedo bombers thiab yim F6F-3N Hellcat hmo ntuj fighters - tag nrho ntawm 267 aircraft); peb lub nkoj loj loj (Baltimore, Boston, Canberra), ib lub nkoj tiv thaiv dav hlau (Oakland) thiab 14 tus neeg tua neeg;
• TG 58.2 - lub dav hlau dav hlau thauj Bunker Hill thiab Wasp, lub teeb dav hlau thauj neeg Monterey thiab Cabot (118 Hellcats, 65 Helldivers, 53 Avengers thiab yim F6F-3Ns - 243 dav hlau nyob rau hauv tag nrho); peb lub teeb cruiser (Santa Fe, Txawb, Biloxi), ib lub nkoj tiv thaiv dav hlau (San Juan) thiab 12 tus neeg tua neeg;
• TG 58.3 - lub dav hlau dav hlau thauj khoom Enterprise thiab Lexington, lub teeb dav hlau thauj Princeton thiab San Jacinto (117 Hellcats, 55 SBD-5 Dauntless dive bombers, 49 Avengers thiab peb F4U-2 night fighters "Corsair" thiab plaub hmo fighters F6F-3N "Hellcat " - tag nrho ntawm 228 lub dav hlau); hnyav cruiser Indianapolis, peb lub teeb cruisers (Montpellier, Cleveland, Birmingham) thiab ib tug anti-aircraft cruiser (Reno) thiab 13 destroyers;
• TG 58.4 - nkoj dav hlau thauj khoom Essex, lub teeb dav hlau thauj khoom Langley thiab Cowpens (85 Hellcats, 36 Helldivers, 38 Avengers thiab plaub F6F-3Ns - tag nrho ntawm 163 lub dav hlau); peb lub teeb cruiser (Vincennes, Houston, Miami) thiab ib lub nkoj tiv thaiv dav hlau (San Diego) thiab 14 tus neeg tua neeg;
• TG 58.7 - xya lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua (North Carolina, Washington, Iowa, New Jersey, Indiana, South Dakota, Alabama), plaub lub nkoj loj (Wichita, Minneapolis), New Orleans, San Francisco) thiab 14 tus neeg tua neeg.

Vice Admiral Ozawa, tus thawj coj ntawm Mobile Fleet (cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Nyiv Navy), faib nws cov tub rog raws li hauv qab no:

• Pab Pawg A - cov dav hlau dav hlau thauj khoom Shokaku, Zuikaku thiab Taiho, ua ke tsim thawj Aviation Squadron (nws pab pawg neeg deck, 601st Kokutai, muaj 79 A6M Zeke fighters, 70 D4Y Judy dive bombers thiab xya laus D3A Val thiab 51 B6N Jill torpedo bombers. - tag nrho ntawm 207 aircraft); hnyav cruisers Myoko thiab Haguro; Lub teeb cruiser Yahagi; xya destroyers;
• Pab Pawg B - cov neeg nqa dav hlau los ntawm Junyo thiab Hiyo fleets thiab lub teeb dav hlau thauj khoom Ryuho, ua ke ua tus thib ob Aviation Squadron (nws pab pawg, 652. Kokutai, muaj 81 A6M Zeke, 27 D4Y Judy, cuaj D3A Val thiab 18 B6N Jill - tag nrho ntawm 135 lub dav hlau);
• battleship Nagato, hnyav cruiser Mogami; yim tus neeg tua neeg;
• Pab Pawg C - lub teeb dav hlau thauj khoom Chitose, Chiyoda thiab Zuiho, ua ke tsim Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog Thib Peb (nws pab pawg, 653rd Kokutai, muaj 62 A6M Zik thiab cuaj B6N Jill torpedo bombers thiab 17 laus B5N "Kate" - tag nrho ntawm 88 aircraft); battleships "Yamato", "Musashi", "Kongo" thiab "Haruna"; hnyav cruisers Atago, Chokai, Maya, Takao, Kumano, Suzuya, Tone, Chikuma; Lub teeb cruiser Noshiro; yim tus neeg tua neeg.

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev tsim yog pawg C uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov neeg caij nkoj (kuj tiv taus kev tawm tsam thiab zoo nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau) thiab cov neeg nqa dav hlau tsawg tshaj plaws, yog los ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm Asmeskas. Pab pawg A thiab B ua raws li 180 km tom qab, ib sab ntawm ib sab, kwv yees li 20 km sib nrug.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Mitscher Air Force muaj 902 lub dav hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm cov decks ntawm cov neeg nqa dav hlau (xws li 476 tus neeg tua rog, 233 tus foob pob tawg thiab 193 torpedo bombers) thiab 65 seaplanes ua los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov neeg caij nkoj. Ozawa tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsuas yog 430 lub dav hlau (xws li 222 tus neeg tua rog, 113 tus foob pob tawg thiab 95 torpedo bombers) thiab 43 lub dav hlau. Mitcher muaj qhov zoo dua hauv cov dav hlau ntau dua ob zaug, thiab hauv cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua - peb zaug, txij li ntawm 222 Zeke ntau li 71 (tus qub version ntawm A6M2) tau ua haujlwm ua tub rog-bombers. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov hnyav cruisers, nws kuj tau tshaj tawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm cov nkoj.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 19, cov nkoj ntawm TF 58 tau nce siab. Ozawa tau ua zoo siv nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - qhov ntev ntawm nws lub dav hlau. Nws cov tsheb tshawb nrhiav thiab cov dav hlau dav hlau ventured 1000 km deb ntawm nws cov nkoj; cov Mitchers tsuas muaj 650 km xwb. Yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua rau cov neeg Amelikas, cov neeg Nyij Pooj cua tuaj yeem tawm tsam los ntawm 550 km, cov neeg Asmeskas los ntawm 400 km. Yog li ntawd, rau lub Mobile Fleet, tus yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yuav yog tus thawj coj, uas ua siab loj txo qhov kev ncua deb, sib zog ua kom "kom ze dua". Txawm li cas los xij, Ozawa paub tias Adm. Spruance, tus thawj coj ntawm US Navy Fifth Fleet thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Operation Forager, ceev faj tsis txhob tawm tsam.

SB2C Helldiver dive bombers (daim duab los ntawm pawg neeg huab cua Yorktown) hloov Dauntlesss nyob rau hauv US Navy aircraft carriers. Lawv muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntau dua, lawv nrawm dua, tab sis lawv nyuaj rau kev tsav tsheb, yog li lawv lub npe menyuam yaus "The Beast".

Thaum Ozawa lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem Mitcher lub nkoj, Spruance qhov tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm Saipan thiab cov nkoj tawm ntawm Marianas. Yog li, TF 58 poob nws txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yuam kev tsim mobile no los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej yuav luag statically. Qhov phem tshaj, los ntawm kev hais kom Mitcher nyob ze rau Marians, nws muab tus yeeb ncuab lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Ozawa cov dav hlau tam sim no tau siv Guam lub tshav dav hlau ua rau pem hauv ntej. Refueling muaj tom qab tua thiab ua ntej rov qab mus rau lawv cov neeg nqa khoom, lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam los ntawm qhov deb dua, zoo tshaj qhov ntau ntawm Mitscher lub dav hlau.

Thaum TF 18 ua tsis tiav los nrhiav cov nkoj Nyij Pooj thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 58, Spruance tau qhia Mitscher kom rub nws pab pawg txawm los ze zog rau Marians kom tsis txhob muaj yeeb ncuab hla nws los ntawm kev npog ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tom qab tsaus ntuj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 18/19, ob qho tib si Mitschera (TF 58) thiab Ozawa (Mobile Fleet) tau caij nkoj sab hnub tuaj ntawm Marianas, ua kom nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Hmo ua ntej, ua tsaug rau cov lus ceeb toom ntawm Cavalla submarine, cov neeg Asmeskas tau pom tus yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, tau lees paub rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 18 los ntawm HF / PV xov tooj cua beacons, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no tau dhau los ua ntau dua txhua teev. Ua ntej no, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm Mitcher lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav tau nyob hauv Ozawa cov neeg nqa khoom, vim tias tom kawg, kev ua haujlwm zoo, ua rau nws cov neeg coob tsis ncav cuag TF 58 scouts. Lub caij no, nws cov dav hlau tau taug qab cov kev txav ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg coob.

Ozawa tsis tau tseg nws lub tsheb tshawb nrhiav. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 4 thiab 30, 6-00 seaplanes B43N Kate thiab 13 D5Y Judy thiab 11 E4A Jake xa lawv, tej zaum paub tias feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Hellcats ua ntej nws tuaj yeem tshaj tawm dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, kev paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm TF 19 lub dav hlau thauj khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws, vim nws tau sim ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los xij, tau siv ntau lub zog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, nws tau txiav txim siab them nyiaj rau qhov no los ntawm kev tsis kam saib xyuas lub dav hlau, uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws lub nkoj los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm hauv qab dej. Xav txog seb nws muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tua neeg (thaum lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli nws poob ntau li xya, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau poob los ntawm US Navy submarines, yog li tam sim no nws tsuas muaj 13 tus ntawm lawv), nws tau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj.