M1 Abrams
Qauv qauv ntawm MVT-70 tank nrog kev teeb tsa kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thiab rab phom tom qab tsis muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob supercharger, nrog lub tshuab pneumatic tso pa tawm.
Thaum Tsov Rog Txias, M48 Patton yog lub tank Asmeskas tseem ceeb thiab ntau ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, ua raws li kev txhim kho ntawm M60. Interestingly, ob hom kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb tau xeeb los ntawm kev hloov tsheb uas yuav tsum tau hloov sai sai los ntawm lub hom phiaj tsim, niaj hnub ntau dua, tsim siv cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tshwm sim, thiab thaum lub sijhawm tos ntev "lub hom phiaj" M1 Abrams thaum kawg tshwm sim hauv XNUMXs, Kev Tsov Rog Txias tau ua tiav.
Txij thaum pib, M48 tso tsheb hlau luam tau suav tias yog kev daws teeb meem ib ntus hauv Tebchaws Meskas, yog li nws yuav tsum tau pib tsim lub tank tshiab tam sim ntawd. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1951, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Riam Phom, Tanks thiab Tsheb Technology, Ordnance Tank thiab Tsheb Command (OTAC), nyob ntawm Detroit Arsenal, Warren ze Detroit, Michigan. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov lus txib no tau nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm US Army Ordnance Command, nyob ntawm Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, tab sis tau hloov npe hu ua US Army Materiel Command hauv 1962 thiab tau tsiv mus rau Redstone Arsenal ze Huntsville, Alabama. OTAC tseem nyob hauv Detroit Arsenal rau hnub no, txawm hais tias xyoo 1996 nws tau hloov nws lub npe mus rau lub taub hau ntawm armaments, tank thiab tsheb - US Army Tanks thiab Riam phom Command (TACOM).
Nws yog nyob ntawd uas tsim cov kev daws teeb meem rau Asmeskas cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab tau tsim, thiab muaj cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev daws teeb meem raws li kev tshawb fawb tau ua ntawm no. Tanks hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv kiag li, piv txwv li, aircraft. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub dav hlau qauv, cov kev xav tau raug txhais raws li qhov xav tau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim qauv los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntiag tug tau sab laug nrog ntau chav wiggle hauv kev xaiv cov txheej txheem, cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb. kev daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov qauv tsim ua ntej rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Armaments, Tanks thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tsheb (OTAC) ntawm Detroit Arsenal thiab ua los ntawm engineering engineers los ntawm cov kev pab cuam ntawm US Army.
Thawj lub tswv yim studio yog M-1. Tsis muaj teeb meem nws yuav tsum tsis meej pem nrog M1 Abrams tom qab, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv taug qab txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov project, lub npe M-1 tau sau los ntawm ib tug khiav ceev, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tank saws rau kev pab cuam, nkag mus paub los ntawm US Army riam phom nomenclature tau txais - M nrog ib tug xov tooj tsis muaj ib tug khiav ceev thiab tsis muaj. so, los yog qhov chaw, raws li peb xav hais hnub no.
Cov duab ntawm tus qauv M-1 yog hnub tim Lub Yim Hli 1951. Dab tsi tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv lub tank? Koj tuaj yeem muab nws cov riam phom muaj zog dua thiab muaj peev xwm ua tub rog ntau dua. Tab sis nws coj qhov twg? Zoo, qhov no coj peb ncaj nraim mus rau lub npe nrov German "Ntaus", ib tug txawv txawv design Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus, hnyav 188 tons. Armed nrog ib tug 44 hli KwK55 L / 128 cannon, xws li ib tug tank muaj ib tug siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm 20 km / h. lub hau npog, thiab tsis yog lub tank. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua qhov tsis yooj yim sua - tsim lub tank nrog cov riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej muaj zog, tab sis nrog qhov hnyav tsim nyog. Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais nws li cas? Tsuas yog vim qhov txo qis tshaj plaws hauv qhov ntev ntawm lub tank. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ua li no, piv txwv tias peb nce lub cheeb ntawm lub turret los ntawm 2,16 m rau M48 mus rau 2,54 m rau lub tshuab tshiab, kom cov riam phom muaj zog ntau haum rau lub turret no? Thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog, raws li nws zoo li ntawd, tau pom - muab cov pej thuam tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.
Nyob rau hauv qhov project M-1, pem hauv ntej ntawm lub turret overlapped lub pem hauv ntej fuselage, zoo ib yam li Soviet IS-3. Cov txheej txheem no tau siv hauv IS-3. Nrog rau txoj kab uas hla loj ntawm tus pej thuam, tus neeg tsav tsheb tau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej, cog rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab rab phom tshuab rab phom raug tso tseg, txwv cov neeg coob rau plaub tus neeg. Tus neeg tsav tsheb tau zaum hauv "grotto" thawb rau pem hauv ntej, vim qhov ntev ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tank thiab hauv qab yog txo, uas txo lawv qhov hnyav. Thiab nyob rau hauv IS-3, tus neeg tsav tsheb tau zaum pem hauv ntej ntawm lub turret. Hauv Asmeskas lub tswv yim, nws yuav tsum tau nkaum tom qab ntawm tus pej thuam thiab saib xyuas thaj chaw los ntawm lub periscopes hauv lub fuselage ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv pem hauv ntej, thiab coj nws qhov chaw, zoo li lwm tus neeg coob, los ntawm lub kaus mom hauv. tus pej thuam. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm stowed, tus pej thuam yuav tsum tau tig rov qab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cutout nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm lub pej thuam muaj ib tug qhib visor, uas, thaum qhib, muab tus neeg tsav tsheb saib ncaj qha ntawm txoj kev. Frontal armor muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 102 hli thiab nyob rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 ° mus rau ntsug. Lub armament ntawm lub tank nyob rau theem kev loj hlob yuav tsum zoo tib yam rau armament ntawm T48 (tom qab M48) prototypes, piv txwv li, nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug 139 mm T90 rifled phom thiab ib tug coaxial 1919 mm Browning M4A7,62 tshuab rab phom. Muaj tseeb, qhov zoo ntawm txoj kab uas hla loj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam tsis tau siv, tab sis yav tom ntej riam phom muaj zog dua tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm nws.
Daim duab qhia tau hais tias ib qho ntawm plaub tus qauv ntawm kev cog lus T95 tank hauv nws daim ntawv qub nrog 208-mm T90 rab phom smoothbore.
Lub tank yuav tsum tau tsav los ntawm Continental AOS-895 engine. Nws yog ib tug heev compact 6-lub tog raj kheej boxer engine nrog ib tug kiv cua kom circulate cua txias ncaj qha saum nws. Vim qhov tseeb tias nws yog cua txias, nws siv qhov chaw tsawg dua. Nws muaj qhov ua haujlwm ntim ntawm tsuas yog 14 cm669, tab sis ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, nws mus txog 3 hp. ntawm 500 rpm. Lub cav yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog ib qho tsis siv neeg dual-ntaus (seem / txoj kev) General Motors Allison CD 2800 gearbox nruab nrog lub zog sib txawv ntawm ob lub log, i.e. nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsav tsheb (hu ua Cross-drive). Interestingly, xws li ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag, uas yog, ib tug engine nrog ib tug kis tau tus mob thiab lub zog kis tau tus mob system, tau siv nyob rau hauv lub M500 Walker Bulldog lub teeb tank thiab M41 Duster tus kheej-propelled anti-aircraft phom tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Tsuas yog tias M42 hnyav dua 41 tons, ua rau 24 hp engine. muab nws lub zog ntau dhau, thiab raws li kev suav, M-500 yuav tsum hnyav 1 tons, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias nws loj dua. Lub German PzKpfw V Panther hnyav 40 tons, thiab lub cav 45 hp. muab nws ceev ntawm 700 km / h nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab 45-20 km / h nyob rau hauv lub teb. Yuav ceev npaum li cas lub tsheb American sib zog me ntsis nrog lub cav 25 hp?
Yog li vim li cas AOC-895 lub cav tau npaj los siv 12-lub tog raj kheej Continental AV-1790 lub cav los ntawm 48 hp M690 tank? Tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub diesel version ntawm AVDS-1790, lub cav no mus txog 750 hp. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias lub cav AOS-895 yog me me thiab sib dua, nws qhov hnyav yog 860 kg piv rau 1200 kg rau 12-lub tog raj kheej version. Lub cav me dua ua rau nws ua tau kom luv lub hull, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum rov txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tank. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm M-1, cov kev pom zoo ntawm cov proportions, pom meej, tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau. Cia peb saib ntawm qhov kev xaiv no. Lub German PzKpfw VI Tiger hnyav 57 tons muaj tib lub cav 700 hp zoo li PzKpfw V Panther. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv, lub hwj chim load yog kwv yees li 12,3 hp. rau ton. Rau M-1 tsim, suav load zog yog 12,5 hp. ib ton, uas yog yuav luag zoo tib yam. Tus Tsov tau tsim kev ceev ntawm 35 km / h ntawm txoj kev loj, thiab mus txog 20 km / h off-road. Cov kev txwv zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm txoj haujlwm M-1, lub tshuab no yuav muaj lub zog zoo sib xws.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1952, thawj lub rooj sib tham, lub npe hu ua "Cov Lus Nug Mark", tau muaj nyob rau ntawm Detroit Arsenal, uas tau txiav txim siab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam kev daws teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam cog lus. Ob txoj haujlwm ntxiv, M-2 thiab M-3, hnyav 46 tons thiab 43 tons, twb tau tshwm sim hauv lub rooj sib tham.
