Li-ion roj teeb
Txheem
Lithium ion roj teeb lossis lithium ion roj teeb yog hom roj teeb lithium
Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau e-mobility
Smartphones, on-board koob yees duab, drones, cov cuab yeej fais fab, hluav taws xob maus taus, scooters ... lithium roj teeb yog ubiquitous nyob rau hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub niaj hnub no thiab tau revolutionized ntau siv. Tab sis lawv ua dab tsi tiag tiag thiab lawv tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau?
История
Nws yog nyob rau xyoo 1970 uas lub roj teeb lithium-ion tau qhia los ntawm Stanley Whittingham. Txoj haujlwm tom kawg yuav txuas ntxiv los ntawm John B. Goodenough thiab Akiro Yoshino hauv 1986. Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1991 uas Sony tau pib thawj lub roj teeb ntawm nws cov khoom ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab pib lub kiv puag ncig thev naus laus zis. Hauv 2019, peb tus neeg tsim khoom sib koom ua ke tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Chemistry.
Ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm?
Lub roj teeb lithium-ion tiag tiag yog ib pob ntawm ntau lub lithium-ion hlwb uas khaws thiab rov qab hluav taws xob. Lub roj teeb yog ua raws li peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: ib qho zoo electrode, hu ua cathode, tsis zoo electrode, hu ua anode, thiab electrolyte, ib qho kev daws teeb meem.
Thaum lub roj teeb tawm, lub anode emits electrons los ntawm electrolyte mus rau cathode, uas nyob rau hauv lem exchanges zoo ions. Kev hloov pauv thaum them nyiaj.
Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem zoo ib yam li cov roj teeb "lead", tshwj tsis yog tias ntawm no cov hlau lead oxide ntawm cov electrodes yog hloov los ntawm cobalt oxide cathode, uas suav nrog me ntsis lily thiab graphite anode. Ib yam li ntawd, sulfuric acid lossis dej da dej muab txoj hauv kev rau electrolyte ntawm lithium ntsev.
Cov electrolyte siv niaj hnub no yog ua kua, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tau txav mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov dua.
zoo
Vim li cas lub roj teeb lithium-ion tau hloov pauv txhua tus neeg hauv 20 xyoo dhau los?
Cov lus teb yog yooj yim. Lub roj teeb no muab lub zog zoo heev thiab yog li muab tib qho kev ua tau zoo rau kev txuag hnyav piv rau txhuas, npib tsib xee ...
Cov roj teeb no kuj muaj qhov tso tawm tus kheej qis (ntau tshaj 10% hauv ib hlis), tsis muaj kev saib xyuas thiab tsis muaj lub cim xeeb.
Thaum kawg, yog tias lawv kim dua li qub roj teeb thev naus laus zis, lawv pheej yig dua lithium polymer (Li-Po) thiab tseem ua haujlwm zoo dua lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).
Disadvantages
Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj teeb lithium-ion tsis zoo tagnrho thiab, tshwj xeeb, muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes ntau dua yog tias tso tawm tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, kom lawv tsis txhob poob lawv cov khoom sai heev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los thauj lawv yam tsis tau tos kom lawv ua tiaj tus.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub roj teeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj. Thaum lub roj teeb overloaded los yog poob qis dua -5 ° C, lithium solidifies los ntawm dendrites ntawm txhua electrode. Thaum cov anode thiab cathode txuas nrog lawv cov dendrites, lub roj teeb tuaj yeem ntes hluav taws thiab tawg. Ntau qhov xwm txheej tau tshaj tawm nrog Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens lossis Samsung, kev tawg kuj tshwm sim ntawm lub dav hlau, yog li niaj hnub no nws yog txwv tsis pub nqa lub roj teeb lithium-ion nyob rau hauv tuav, thiab kev nce hauv chav tsev feem ntau txwv ntawm lub zog ( txwv tsis pub saum toj no 160 Wh thiab raug tso cai los ntawm 100 txog 160 Wh).
Yog li, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no, cov tuam txhab lag luam tau siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob (BMS) muaj peev xwm ntsuas roj teeb kub, tswj qhov hluav taws xob, thiab ua raws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum muaj qhov tsis sib xws. Cov khoom electrolyte lossis polymer gel kuj yog cov kev xav tau tshawb nrhiav kom dhau qhov teeb meem.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kom tsis txhob overheating, lub roj teeb them qeeb qeeb dhau 20 feem pua, yog li lub sijhawm them nyiaj feem ntau tsuas yog tshaj tawm ntawm 80% ...
Txawm li cas los xij, lub roj teeb lithium-ion siv tau zoo rau kev siv txhua hnub muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ib puag ncig, ua ntej los ntawm kev rho tawm lithium, uas yuav tsum muaj cov dej tshiab astronomical, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rov ua dua lossis rov siv dua yog nce xyoo mus rau xyoo.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lithium ion yog dab tsi?
Raws li kev tshawb fawb tau nce mus rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis uas tsis tshua muaj paug, ruaj khov dua, pheej yig dua los tsim, lossis muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, puas yog lub roj teeb lithium-ion mus txog nws lub peev xwm?
Lub roj teeb lithium-ion, uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam rau peb lub xyoos dhau los, tsis tau muaj nws cov lus kawg, thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv txhim kho lub zog ceev, them ceev, lossis kev nyab xeeb. Peb tau pom qhov no ntau xyoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm motorized ob-wheel tsheb, qhov twg lub scooter tsuas muaj nyob txog tsib caug kilometers 5 xyoo dhau los, ib co maus taus tam sim no tshaj 200 ntau yam terminals.
Cov lus cog tseg ntawm lub kiv puag ncig kuj yog legions zoo li Nawa carbon electrode, Jenax foldable roj teeb, 105 ° C ua haujlwm kub hauv NGK ...
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev tshawb fawb feem ntau ntsib nrog qhov tseeb hnyav ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam. Tswb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm txoj kev siv tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev cia siab ntawm lithium-air, lithium-ion tseem muaj lub neej yav tom ntej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm hluav taws xob ob-wheelers, qhov twg qhov hnyav thiab hneev taw yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
