Lvov-Sandomierz kev ua haujlwm.
German tso tsheb hlau luam PzKpfw VI Tygrys thiab PzKpfw V Pantera, tua nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Drokhobych; Western Ukraine, Lub Yim Hli 1944
Kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv Belarus tau tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tawm tsam ntawm 1944th Ukrainian Front (1st UV) hauv Lvov-Sandomierz kev taw qhia los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli 1. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 25, lub peb hlis ntuj tau hais kom 1st FI los ntawm Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Ivan Konev.
Thaum tig ntawm 440 km, mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kovel, Tarnopol thiab Kolomyia, feem coob ntawm nws cov tub rog tau tuav los ntawm Northern Ukraine Army Group nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Field Marshal Walter Model. Nws suav nrog German 1st thiab 4th tank tub rog, nrog rau 1st Hungarian tub rog, nyob rau hauv tag nrho 34 infantry divisions, 5 tank divisions, 1 motorized thiab 2 infantry brigades. Ua ke nws muaj ntau tshaj 600 6300 cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, 900 phom thiab mortars, 4 lub tank thiab phom phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov chaw ntawm sab laug tis ntawm 1st Panzer Army tau ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 4th Belorussian Front. 700 lub dav hlau tau xa mus los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm XNUMXth Air Fleet. Cov lus txib German vam tias nrog cov tub rog no nws yuav tuav ib feem ntawm Ukraine hauv nws txhais tes, thiab tseem npog cov lus qhia ua rau sab qab teb ntawm Poland thiab Czechoslovakia, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Tau raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv txoj cai-bank Ukraine thiab cia siab tias yuav tshiab "Stalinist blows", cov Germans yeej muaj zog thiab txhim kho lawv txoj hauj lwm tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub Lvov kev taw qhia. Peb kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau tsim rau ntawm nws, tab sis ua ntej pib kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tsuas yog ob qho tau npaj, tsim kom muaj txoj kab kev tiv thaiv. Tsib lub tank faib, ib lub tshuab tsav tsheb thiab peb pawg tub rog tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cia nrog cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog thiab GA "Northern Ukraine".
Lvov operation
1st Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej suav nrog: 1st, 3rd thiab 5 tus neeg saib xyuas, 13th, 18th, 38th thiab 60th pab tub rog, 1st thiab 3rd guards thiab 4th i tank armies, 2nd air Army, 4th guards, 25th thiab 31st tank corps, 1st cavry thiab 6st. cov tub rog. Corps, nrog rau Czechoslovak 1st Army Corps. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, pem hauv ntej muaj 74 infantry divisions, 6 cavalry divisions, 4 artillery divisions, 1 mortar division of the Guardians (Artillery rocket launchers), 3 mechanized corps, 7 tank corps, 4 cais armored brigades, 17 cais tank regiments thiab tus kheej- phom phom. - txog 1,2 lab cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, 15 phom thiab mortars, 500 artillery foob pob ua ntxaij launchers, 1056 tanks thiab 1667 self-propelled phom, 529 combat aircraft. Nws yog pawg thawj coj loj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus tsim los txog tam sim no.
Ib kem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Hungarian hla lub tsheb ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm GA "Northern Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.
Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm, lub Supreme Commander-in-Chief tau muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv lub rau hli ntuj 23, nyob rau hauv uas Konev tau tshaj tawm txog nws qhov kev txiav txim siab los tua ob qho kev tawm tsam: ntawm Lvov thiab Ravsko-Rusyn cov lus qhia. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm faib cov pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm GA "Northern Ukraine", puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hauv cheeb tsam Brody. Txoj kev npaj ua rau muaj kev tshwj tseg los ntawm Stalin, uas suav tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tawg rog hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb. "tus thawj coj" tau hais kom ntaus ib lub tshuab - ntawm Lvov, nqis peev tag nrho nws lub zog thiab txhais tau tias rau hauv nws.
Tus nees parried, sib cav hais tias kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia yuav tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab mus rau maneuver tactical thiab motorized tactical units nyob rau hauv cia thiab mloog zoo rau tag nrho cov aircraft nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm tsam los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov pab pawg tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws yuav ua rau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tab sis mus rau ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab yuav tsis tsim kev ua haujlwm zoo. Thaum kawg, tus thawj coj hauv ntej tiv thaiv nws qhov kev xav. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, Stalin tau pom zoo cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm uas tau hais los ntawm sab xub ntiag, tab sis hauv kev sib cais nws tau hais tias: Nco ntsoov, Konev, tias kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom zoo thiab nqa qhov kev xav tau.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm sab xub ntiag yog: txhawm rau hla GA "Northern Ukraine", ua kom tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine thiab hloov kev ua phem rau thaj chaw ntawm Poland. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv kev koom tes nrog cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Front nce qib ntawm Lublin. Nws yuav tsum ua rau ob lub zog muaj zog ntawm sab xis tis thiab hauv nruab nrab thiab tawg rau pem hauv ntej ua ob ntu, 60-70 km ntawm ib leeg. Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Lutsk nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Sokal thiab Rava Russkaya, qhov thib ob - los ntawm thaj av Tarnopol mus rau Lvov, nrog rau cov hauj lwm ntawm defeating Lvov pab pawg neeg ntawm Germans, ntes Lvov thiab lub Przemysl fortress.
Lub zog tawm tsam nyob rau hauv Lutsk kev taw qhia suav nrog: 3rd Guards Army ntawm Gordov Vasily Grigorievich, 13th Army ntawm Lieutenant General Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, 1st Guards Tank Army ntawm Colonel General Katukov ME, Cavalry Mechanized Group (nyob rau hauv suav nrog 25th Tank. thiab 1st Guards Cavalry Corps) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant General Viktor Baranov. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau txhawb nqa los ntawm plaub aviation corps ntawm 2nd Air Army.
Lub "ntev" uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam hauv Lvov kev taw qhia suav nrog: 60th Army ntawm Colonel General Pavel A. Kurochkin, 38th Army ntawm Colonel General Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, 3rd Guards Tank Army ntawm Colonel General Pavel Rybalka , 4th Army: Tank Army ntawm Lieutenant General Dmitry Lkhatenko, Cavalry Mechanized Pab Pawg ntawm Lieutenant General Sergei Sokolov suav nrog: 31st Tank Corps thiab 6th Guards Cavalry Corps. Kev txhawb nqa huab cua tau muab los ntawm tsib lub koom haum huab cua.
Hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Lutsk, nws yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb 12 phom phom sib faib, ob lub tank corps, ib lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab ib lub tub rog tub rog, ob lub phom loj ntawm kev tawg - 14 phom thiab mortars, 3250 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom nws tus kheej. phom tus kheej-propelled, 717 aircraft. Nyob rau 1300-kilometer seem ntawm Lvov, 14 infantry divisions, plaub lub tank, ob tug mechanized thiab ib tug cavalry corps, raws li zoo raws li ob breakthrough artillery divisions - 15 phom thiab mortars, 3775 tanks thiab self-propelled phom, 1084 aircraft.
Hnub thib tsib ntawm kev ua haujlwm, 3rd Guards thiab 4th Tank Tub Rog, nyob rau hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus flank tawm tsam sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Lvov, mus txog ntawm Nemirov-Yavorov kab, ntawm qhov deb ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog.
Nyob rau sab laug tis ntawm pem hauv ntej, nyob rau hauv lub foothills ntawm lub Carpathians, cov tub rog ntawm lub 1st Guards Army, Colonel General Andrei Grechka thiab 18th Army, Lieutenant General Yevgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev tau tso tseg. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm nws cov neeg nyob sib ze, cov tub rog Greek, tau tsim ib pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm tsib pawg tub rog thiab 4 Guards Tank Corps, yuav tsum mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam, txeeb ib lub taub hau hauv cheeb tsam Galich, yog li npog cov kev ua ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Lvov. Cov tub rog Zhuravlev, ua haujlwm sab qab teb ntawm Dniester, muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tuav ciam teb nyob thiab npaj txhij rau kev tawm tsam hauv Stanislavov cov lus qhia.
Lub chaw cia ntawm pem hauv ntej suav nrog 5th Guards Army (cua pawg) ntawm Colonel-General Aleksey Sergeevich Zhadov, hloov los ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Front, nrog rau 47th Rifle Corps los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Supreme High Command.
Tom qab pib qhov kev tawm tsam, cov pab pawg tawm tsam tau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb, thiab ib feem ntawm lawv cov tub rog yuav tsum taug kev hauv kev sib koom ua ke thiab rhuav tshem cov German tsim hauv cheeb tsam Brody. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum coj lub nroog, txhim kho kev tawm tsam thiab hla Lvov los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob. Hnub thib tsib ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau npaj mus txog ciam teb: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev tawm tsam raug xa mus rau Sandomierz cov kev taw qhia txhawm rau txhawm rau yuam lub Vistula thiab tsim kom muaj kev ua haujlwm loj nyob ze Sandomierz. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lub koom haum ntawm lub encirclement yog txuam nrog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb, txij li thaum nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm txoj kab ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm cov pab pawg poob siab stretched nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj kab, tsis muaj dabtsi yog khoov.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb thaum kawg tau pom zoo rau txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm. Ib qho kev txiav txim kuj tau muab rau siv cov tub rog armored thiab ib pab tub rog-mechanized los ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tsis ntseeg tau hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm hla qhov av ntawm ko taw ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 35 km ib hnub, raws li Konev tau txiav txim siab. Tus thawj coj hauv ntej raug yuam kom pom zoo thiab hloov pauv txoj kev npaj rau kev siv cov tub rog armored: tam sim no lawv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau hnub thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm tom qab cov tub rog sib koom ua ke tau tawg los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cheeb tsam.
Txhawm rau camouflage qhov kev npaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm camouflage, uas tau muab rau kev simulation ntawm cov concentration ntawm ob pab tub rog thiab lub tank corps nyob rau sab laug tis ntawm pem hauv ntej, nyob rau hauv lub bands ntawm lub 1st Guards Army thiab lub 18th Army. Yog li ntawd, ib tug loj-scale imitation ntawm rail tsheb thauj mus los ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab nws tus kheej-propelled phom pib, cov cheeb tsam rau unloading armored pab pawg neeg tau xyaum, txoj kev rau lawv lub peb hlis ntuj mus rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm concentration tau piav qhia, thiab intensive kev sib tham nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Ntau tus qauv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb, phom loj thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw cuav. Fake airfields nrog mock-ups ntawm cov dav hlau tau them nrog lub luag haujlwm yuam sij ntawm cov neeg tua rog los hais txog lawv qhov tseeb. Cov pab pawg neeg tshawb nrhiav tau nres hauv ntau qhov chaw nyob, xaiv qhov chaw kom haum "los txog hauv lub hauv paus thiab cov tub rog."
Hungarian thiab German tankers nrog PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Tsov; Western Ukraine, Lub Xya Hli 1944
Txawm hais tias siv txoj kev nruj tshaj plaws ntawm kev zais, nws tsis tuaj yeem dag ntxias tus yeeb ncuab. Cov Germans tau xav txog kev ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Lviv, qhov chaw ua haujlwm reserves raug xa mus - 1st Panzer Corps (8th thiab 20th Panzer Divisions thiab 1st Motorized Division) ntawm General Herman Breit. Lawv tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev coj ua thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog sib koom ua ke, txiav txim siab cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam uas yuav tshwm sim, thiab npaj kev tawm tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tshem tawm mus rau kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv raws ib qho loj ntawm sab xub ntiag. Tus thawj coj ntawm 160th Panzer Army, General Erhard Raus, nco qab tias nws paub qhov tseeb txaus ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub ntsiab Rusyn nres, uas nws cov sappers tso 200 tus neeg. cov mines tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab XNUMX txhiab tus mines tiv thaiv tank. Kev tshem tawm Covert, tawv tawv tsis kam nyob rau hauv qhov tob, counterattacks yam tsis muaj ncua sij hawm siv high-ceev formations - xws li yog lub tactics ntawm German tiv thaiv. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm tsis paub, tus thawj coj tau thim nws cov tub rog los ntawm thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau peb hmo ua ke, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd kom lawv rov qab mus rau txoj kab qub qub. Muaj tseeb, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom qhov rov xa rov qab ntawm Katukov lub tank tub rog sab qab teb ntawm Lutsk.
