Quantum Information Theory
Polyak luam tawm cov ntawv uas lub ntsiab lus thawj zaug tshwm: quantum information theory. Nyob rau lub Rau Hli, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov tshaj plaws ntawm theoretical physics ua kev zoo siab rau ob hnub tseem ceeb: 40th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej thiab 90th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub yug ntawm cov txwj laus. Xyoo 1975, prof. Roman S. Ingarden los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus University nyob rau hauv Torun luam tawm nws ua hauj lwm "Quantum Theory of Information".
Roman S. Ingarden
Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog thawj zaug tau nthuav tawm cov qauv kab ke ntawm quantum cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb xav, uas tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm "kub" ntawm physics. Ntau tus neeg tuaj koom nws lub hnub yug. Thaum pib ntawm lub 60s thiab 70s, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm prof. Ingarden ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Lej Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus University hauv Toruń, kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb xav thiab lwm yam kev xav ntawm cov physics niaj hnub no. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau tsim, uas cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txav hauv cov txheej txheem thermodynamic thiab quantum tau kawm. "Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab heev, ib hom kev txawj ntse extravagance, sib npaug ntawm ciam teb ntawm physics thiab lub tswv yim. Hauv ntiaj teb no, nws puas muaj cov neeg txhawb nqa nqaim uas feem ntau tuaj xyuas peb lub koom haum ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog xibfwb Ingarden pab pawg? ? hais tias prof. Andrzej Jamiolkowski los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus University. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov ntsiab lus siv feem ntau ntawm Lindblad-Kossakovsky evolutionary generator thiab Yamiolkovsky isomorphism tau nkag mus rau hauv theoretical physics. prof. Ingarden tau muab qhov tseeb hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv physics.
Nyob rau hauv lub 90s, vim muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm txoj kev sim ntawm quantum physics, thawj qhov kev sim tau ua tiav siv cov khoom quantum xws li photons los khaws thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov kev paub no tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev sib txuas lus quantum. Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab zoo hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Quantum cov ntaub ntawv txoj kev xav tau dhau los ua ib qho kev nthuav dav thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam ntawm cov physics niaj hnub no. Tam sim no, cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog quantum cov ntaub ntawv tau raug kawm hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb; qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab tsim kho thaj chaw ntawm physics nrog lub neej yav tom ntej.
Cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub ua haujlwm raws li cov cai ntawm classical physics. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau txais me me uas koj yuav pom sai sai cov teebmeem uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb quantum. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm miniaturization yuav yuam kom peb hloov cov cai ntawm qhov kev ua si los ntawm classical mus rau quantum, piav qhia txog lub zeem muag rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm quantum xam, Dr. Milos Michalsky los ntawm Department of Theoretical Physics ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus. University. . Quantum cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo, xws li tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm, thaum luam cov ntaub ntawv qub tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws tseem tsis ntev los no tau paub tias cov ntaub ntawv quantum tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo, uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias peb feem ntau xav tias lub kaw lus, tau txais ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, yuav muaj ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, los ntawm cov tib neeg txoj kev xav ntawm classical, thiab tib lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm quantum xeev raws li cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm quantum cov ntaub ntawv yog lub peev xwm los tsim superpositions ntawm xeev los ntawm lawv.
Cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom qub, uas txhua lub sijhawm tuaj yeem tsuas yog nyob hauv ib ntawm ob lub xeev, hu ua "0" thiab "1". Quantum cov khoom sib txawv: lawv tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tov (superposition) ntawm cov xeev, thiab tsuas yog thaum peb nyeem lawv, cov nqi coj los ntawm tus nqi "0" lossis "1". Qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem pom nrog qhov nce ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav. Lub khoos phis tawj classical 10-ntsis tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav ib qho ntawm 1024 (2^10) lub xeev ntawm xws li kev sau npe hauv ib kauj ruam, tab sis lub khoos phis tawj quantum-ntsis tuaj yeem ua lawv txhua tus? kuj nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam.
Kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm quantum me ntsis rau, hais tias, 100 yuav qhib qhov muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntau tshaj li ib txhiab billion billion lub xeev hauv ib lub voj voog. Yog li, lub khoos phis tawj ua haujlwm nrog cov lej txaus ntawm quantum cov khoom tuaj yeem, nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, siv qee cov algorithms rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv quantum, piv txwv li, cov uas cuam tshuam txog cov lej ntawm cov lej loj rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Hloov chaw ntawm kev suav ntau lab xyoo, qhov tshwm sim yuav npaj tau hauv ob peb teev lossis txawm feeb.
Quantum cov ntaub ntawv twb pom nws thawj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Quantum cryptography cov cuab yeej, cov ntaub ntawv encryption txoj hauv kev uas quantum txoj cai ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv lav ua tiav kev tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib pauv, tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau ntau xyoo. Tam sim no, quantum encryption yog siv los ntawm qee lub tsev txhab nyiaj, yav tom ntej thev naus laus zis feem ntau yuav ua tsis tiav thiab tso cai, piv txwv li, kev nyab xeeb ntawm ATM kev lag luam lossis kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem. Tshaj tawm ob zaug hauv ib hlis "Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ua Lej Physics", uas nthuav tawm cov haujlwm pioneering ntawm prof. Ingarden Quantum Information Theory, yog ib qho ntawm ob lub sijhawm luam tawm los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua lej Physics ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus University; lwm qhov yog "Qhib Systems thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Dynamics". Ob phau ntawv xov xwm yog nyob rau hauv Philadelphia Thomson Scientific Master Journal cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, "Open Systems thiab Information Dynamics" tau suav nrog hauv pawg plaub (tawm ntawm 60) Polish cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb nrog cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws hauv qeb ntawm Ministry of Science thiab Kev Kawm Qib Siab. (Cov ntaub ntawv yog raws li kev tshaj tawm los ntawm National Laboratory rau Quantum Technologies thiab lub koom haum ntawm Physics ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus University hauv Toruń)
