Cruiser Tank "Crusader" Tank, Cruiser Crusader. Crusader - "crusader", Muaj peev xwm hais tau: "Crusader" thiab "Crusader". Lub Crusader tank yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1940 los ntawm Nuffield thiab yog ib tug ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cruising tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ib tug Christie-hom tracked chassis. Nws muaj ib tug yuav luag classic layout: ib tug ua kua-txias Nuffield Liberty roj av cav nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm lub hull, lub sib ntaus sib tua compartment nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem, thiab tswj compartment nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Ib qho kev sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev tsim qauv yog lub tshuab phom turret, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov kho nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, rau sab xis ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb. Lub ntsiab armament ntawm lub tank - ib tug 40-mm cannon thiab ib tug coaxial 7,92-mm tshuab rab phom - tau ntsia nyob rau hauv ib ncig turret, uas muaj loj inclination ces kaum ntawm armor daim hlau mus txog 52 hli tuab. Kev sib hloov ntawm tus pej thuam tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los yog lub tshuab tsav. Lub cev ntawm lub thav duab qauv muaj frontal armor 52 mm tuab thiab sab armor 45 mm tuab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub chassis, armor screen tau teeb tsa. Zoo li txhua lub tsheb caij nkoj hauv British, Crusader tank muaj xov tooj cua thiab lub tank intercom. Lub Crusader tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb qhov kev hloov kho txuas ntxiv. Qhov kev hloov kho tshiab kawg, Crusader III, tau tsim kom txog thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1942 thiab tau ua tub rog nrog 57 hli cannon. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 4300 Crusaders thiab 1373 kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab pab tsheb raws li lawv (anti-aircraft self-propelled phom, kho thiab rov qab tsheb, thiab lwm yam) tau tsim. Xyoo 1942-1943. lawv yog tus qauv armament ntawm kev ua haujlwm armored brigades.  Thawj qhov kev txhim kho ntawm A15 qhov project tau tso tseg vim qhov tsis paub tseeb ntawm lawv tus kheej cov cai thiab rov pib dua raws li kev xaiv A16 ntawm Nuffield. Tsis ntev tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo ntawm A13 Mk III ("Covenanter"), tau nthuav tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1939, tus thawj coj ntawm Mechanization Directorate tau hais kom cov neeg ua haujlwm los txiav txim siab lwm cov qauv tsim uas yuav ua tau raws li qhov hnyav cruiser tank. Cov no yog A18 (kev hloov pauv loj ntawm Tetrarch tank), A14 (tsim los ntawm Landon Midland thiab Scottish Railway), A16 (tsim los ntawm Nuffield), nrog rau "tshiab" A15, uas tau npaj los ua kom loj. A13Mk III. A15 yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws, txij li nws siv feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm A13 series tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog Christie-hom chassis, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom sai dua, vim nws ntev dua nws npog qhov dav dav thiab muaj 30-40. mm armor, uas muab lub sijhawm ntau dua li lwm tus neeg thov. Nuffield tau npaj tsim lub tank raws li A13 M1s III nrog lub chassis lengthened los ntawm ib txoj kev log ntawm txhua sab. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1939, Nuffield tau thov kom siv lub tshuab Liberty ntawm qhov pib A13 hloov chaw Meadows ntawm A13 Mk III tank, txij li Liberty twb tau muab Nuffield rau ntau lawm tab sis tsis siv nws. Qhov no kuj tau cog lus tias yuav txo qhov hnyav; lub taub hau ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev Mechanization tau pom zoo thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 1939 lawv tau tshaj tawm qhov kev txiav txim sib raug rau 200 tso tsheb hlau luam ntxiv rau cov qauv kev sim. Qhov kawg tau npaj los ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1940. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1940, qhov kev txiav txim rau lub A15 tau nce mus rau 400, ces mus rau 1062 tsheb, thiab Nuffield los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cuaj tuam txhab uas muag koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov A15. Txog xyoo 1943, tag nrho cov khoom tsim tau mus txog 5300 lub tsheb. "Kev mob thaum yau" ntawm tus qauv suav nrog kev ua pa tsis zoo, tsis txaus lub cav txias thiab nyuaj hloov cov iav. Kev tsim khoom yam tsis muaj kev sim ntau dhau los ua rau Crusader, raws li nws tau hu ua thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1940, qhia tias muaj kev ntseeg siab tsawg. Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv cov suab puam, lub Crusader tank tau los ua lub ntsiab British tank nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1941. Nws thawj zaug pom kev nqis tes ua ntawm Capuzzo thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941 thiab tau koom nrog txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab hauv North Africa, thiab txawm tias thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm El Alamein thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1942 nws tseem ua haujlwm nrog rab phom 57 hli, txawm hais tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb muaj lawm. tau hloov los ntawm Asmeskas MZ thiab M4. Qhov kawg Crusader tso tsheb hlau luam tau raug tshem tawm thaum kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1943, tab sis cov qauv no tau siv los ua tus qauv kev cob qhia txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Txij li thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1942, Crusader chassis tau hloov kho rau ntau lub tsheb tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov phom tus kheej, tsheb laij teb thiab cov tsheb tub rog. Thaum Crusader tau tsim, nws tau lig dhau los muab cov lus qhia los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1940 rau hauv nws qhov tsim, tshwj xeeb, lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis raug tshem tawm vim nws qhov cua tsis zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg, nrog rau kev ua kom yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau los ua kom me ntsis nce lub thickness ntawm cov armor nyob rau hauv lub frontal ib feem ntawm lub hull thiab turret. Thaum kawg, Mk III tau rov nruab los ntawm 2-pounder mus rau 6-pounder. Cov neeg German tau sau tseg lub Crusader tank rau nws qhov kev kub ceev, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog German Pz III nrog rab phom 50-mm - nws tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb hauv cov suab puam - hauv cov tuab ntawm nws cov cuab yeej, nws nkag mus thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj kev ntseeg siab. German 55 mm, 75 mm thiab 88 mm anti-tank phom kuj yooj yim ntaus Crusaders thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv suab puam. Tactical thiab technical yam ntxwv ntawm MK VI "Crusider III" tank Sib ntaus hnyav 19,7 t Qhov ntev:   qhov ntev 5990 hli dav 2640 hli qhov siab 2240 hli Crew 3 leej Caj pas 1 x 51 mm 1 x 7,92 mm tshuab phom 1 × 7,69 anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom Mos txwv 65x4760 ua Kev Sau Tseg:   lub hauv pliaj 52 hli pej thuam hauv pliaj 52 hli hom cav Carburetor "Naffid-Liberty" Qhov ntau zog 345 hp Tshaj siab tshaj plaws 48 km / h Lub zog cia 160 km Kev hloov kho: "Cruiser" I (cruising tank MK VI). Pib tsim qauv nrog 2-pounder phom. "Cruiser" I C8 (cruising tank Mk VIС8). Tib tus qauv, tab sis nrog 3-nti howitzer siv los ua lub tsheb hluav taws kub.  "Cruider" II (nkoj nkoj MK U1A). Zoo ib yam li Crusader I, tab sis tsis muaj lub tshuab phom turret. Ntxiv armor rau lub frontal ib feem ntawm lub hull thiab turret.  "Cruider" IS8 (cruising tank Mk U1A S8). Ib yam li "Cruider" 1S8. “Crusader” III. Kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws nrog 6-pounder phom thiab hloov kho lub cev thiab turret armor. Tus qauv tau sim nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941. Hauv kev tsim khoom txij lub Tsib Hlis 1942, los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1942. 144 lub tsheb tau sib sau ua ke. "Crusader" LOSSIS (forward observer tsheb), "Crusader Command". Lub tsheb nrog rab phom dummy, chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus rau cov neeg saib xyuas cov phom loj thiab cov tub ceev xwm laus, siv tom qab Crusader raug tshem tawm ntawm chav sib ntaus sib tua.  ZSU "Crusider" IIIAA Mk1. "Crusader" III nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm 40-mm Bofors anti-aircraft phom es tsis txhob siv lub turret. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub tsheb, ib tug pa anti-aircraft installation tau siv yam tsis muaj kev hloov, ces nws twb them rau tag nrho cov sab nrog armor daim hlau, tawm sab saum toj qhib.  ZSU Crusider III AA Mk11. "Crusider" III nrog kev hloov ntawm lub tank turret nrog lub kaw turret tshiab nrog ob lub phom loj 20-mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft phom. ZSU Crusider III AA Mk11. ZSU MkP, nrog lub xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb tsis nyob rau hauv lub turret, tab sis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull (tom qab tus kws kho tsheb - tus tsav tsheb).  ZSU "Crusider" AA nrog rau peb lub chim Oerlikon installation. Ob peb lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub dav hlau qhib sab saum toj nrog peb lub thoob 20-mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft phom. Lawv tsuas yog siv los ua cov tshuab kev cob qhia xwb. Cov kev hloov kho ntawm ZSU tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb Europe hauv xyoo 1944; ZSU units tau qhia rau txhua lub tuam txhab hauv paus hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, Allied huab cua superiority thiab tsis tshua muaj yeeb ncuab cua tawm tsam ua rau SPA units tsis tsim nyog sai sai tom qab Normandy tsaws rau lub Rau Hli 1944.  "Crusider" II artillery high-speed tsheb laij teb Mk I. "Crusider" II nrog qhib chute thiab mount rau stowing txhaj tshuaj, yog npaj rau towing ib tug 17-phaus (76,2 hli) anti-tank phom thiab nws cov neeg coob. Dav siv nyob rau hauv BTC anti-tank regiments thaum lub sij hawm European phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv 1944-45. Txhawm rau kov yeej kev sib sib zog nqus los ntawm cov tsheb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm Overlord, qhov tshwj xeeb casing tau teeb tsa.  ARV "Crusider" AKU. Txheem chassis tsis muaj turret, tab sis nrog cov khoom siv kho cov khoom siv. Lub tsheb muaj ib tug tshem tau A-boom thiab ib tug winch nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub turret tshem tawm.  Bulldozer "Crusader Dozer". Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv tank rau Royal Corps of Engineers. Es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug pej thuam, ib tug winch thiab ib tug boom raug ntsia, thiab ib tug bulldozer hniav raug tshem tawm ntawm ib tug ncej mounted rau ob sab ntawm lub hull. Crusader Dozer thiab Crane (KOR). Lub Crusader Dozer, hloov kho rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Royal Ordnance Factory, tau siv los tshem cov plhaub tsis tau tawg thiab cov mines. Lub bulldozer hniav yog tuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tsa ceg raws li ib tug armor shield, thiab ntxiv armor daim hlau tau txuas mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull. Qhov chaw: M. Baryatinsky. Crusader thiab lwm tus. (Armored collection, 6 – 2005); G.L. Kholyavsky "Lub Encyclopedia Tag Nrho ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tank 1915 - 2000"; Yu. F. Katorin. Tank. Illustrated Encyclopedia; Crusader Cruiser 1939-45 [Osprey – New Vanguard 014]; Fletcher, David; Sarson, Peter. Crusader thiab Covenanter Cruiser Tank 1939-1945.