Lub cev qhuav dej thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm Albanian VVS

Qhov ceev tshaj plaws fighter ntawm Albanian tub rog aviation yog ob-mass Suav fighter F-7A, ib daim qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab MiG-21F-13 (12 xws aircraft tau muas).

Ib zaug kuj loj Albanian Air Force tau dhau los ua kev hloov kho tshiab ua ke nrog kev txo qis hauv kaum xyoo dhau los. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua aircraft, nruab nrog suav nrog cov ntawv luam ntawm Soviet aircraft, dhau lawm. Niaj hnub no, Albanian Air Force ua haujlwm tsuas yog helicopters.

Lub Albanian Air Force tau tsim nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 24, 1951, thiab nws thawj lub hauv paus huab cua tau tsim los ntawm Tirana tshav dav hlau. Lub USSR muab 12 Yak-9 fighters (xws li 11 ib leeg-rooj sib ntaus sib tua Yak-9P thiab 1 ob tug kws qhia Yak-9V) thiab 4 Po-2 kev sib txuas lus aircraft. Kev cob qhia neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv Yugoslavia. Xyoo 1952, 4 Yak-18 tus kws qhia dav hlau thiab 4 Yak-11 tus kws qhia dav hlau tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Xyoo 1953, 6 Yak-18A kev cob qhia dav hlau nrog rau pem hauv ntej-log tsav tsaws iav tau ntxiv rau lawv. Xyoo 1959, 12 lub tsheb ntxiv ntawm hom no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam.

Thawj cov tub rog raug xa mus rau Albania thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Plaub Hlis 1955 los ntawm USSR thiab muaj 26 MiG-15 bis combat aircraft thiab 4 UTI MiG-15 combat trainer aircraft. Lwm yim UTI MiG-15 aircraft tau txais nyob rau hauv 1956 los ntawm Central Soviet Socialist koom pheej (4 US-102) thiab cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj (4 FT-2).

Xyoo 1962, Albanian Air Force tau txais yim F-8 fighters los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, uas yog daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Soviet MiG-5F fighters. Lawv txawv los ntawm lub cav nruab nrog ib tug afterburner.

Nyob rau hauv 1957, lub Il-14M thauj aircraft, ob los yog peb lub teeb multi-purpose Mi-1 helicopters thiab plaub nruab nrab Mi-4 thauj nyoob hoom qav taub raug xa los ntawm USSR, ua lub hauv paus ntawm thauj aviation. Lawv kuj yog thawj lub nyoob hoom qav taub hauv Albanian Air Force. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Il-28 dav hlau bomber raug xa mus, uas yog siv los ua ib tug tub rau saum huab cua.

Xyoo 1971, peb lub dav hlau thauj Il-3 ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam (xws li Il-14M thiab Il-14P los ntawm GDR thiab Il-14T los ntawm Egypt). Txhua lub tsheb ntawm hom no tau tsom mus rau ntawm Rinas airfield. Ib lub hom phiaj bomber thiab Il-14 tug kuj nyob ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv 1959, Albania tau txais 12 MiG-19PM supersonic interceptors nruab nrog RP-2U radar pom thiab armed nrog plaub RS-2US cua-rau-air coj missiles. Cov no yog lub dav hlau kawg xa los ntawm USSR, sai li sai tau tom qab, Albanian tus thawj coj Enver Hoxha tsoo tawm kev koom tes ntawm ob lub teb chaws rau lub tswv yim vim li cas.

Tom qab rhuav tshem kev sib cuag nrog USSR, Albania ntxiv dag zog rau kev koom tes nrog PRC, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev yuav riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog pib hauv lub tebchaws no. Xyoo 1962, 20 Nanchang PT-6 tus kws qhia dav hlau tau txais los ntawm Suav kev lag luam, uas yog Suav cov ntawv luam ntawm Soviet Yak-18A aircraft. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Tuam Tshoj xa 12 Shenyang F-5 fighters, i.e. MiG-17F fighters tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet daim ntawv tso cai. Ua ke nrog lawv, 8 ntau FT-2 kev cob qhia dav hlau tau txais.

Xyoo 1962, Air Force Academy tau tsim, uas tau nruab nrog 20 PT-6 tus kws qhia dav hlau yooj yim, 12 UTI MiG-15 kev sib ntaus sib tua tus kws qhia dav hlau tshem tawm los ntawm pem hauv ntej units, thiab 12 MiG-15bis combat aircraft tau tib yam. Nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thawj kab, 12 F-5 fighters thiab 8 FT-2 combat kev cob qhia aircraft, imported nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam. Lawv tau muab faib ua ob pab tub rog huab cua, uas tau tso rau ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Valona (ib pawg ntawm piston aircraft - PT-6 thiab ib pab tub rog ntawm dav hlau dav hlau - MiG-15 bis thiab UTI MiG-15).

Lwm qhov kev xa khoom hauv Suav teb tau ua nyob rau hauv 13-5 rau 2 Harbin Y-1963 ntau lub luag haujlwm lub teeb dav hlau, daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Soviet An-1964 aircraft. Cov tsheb tshiab tau xa tawm ntawm Tirana tshav dav hlau.

Xyoo 1965, kaum ob MiG-19PM interceptors raug xa mus rau PRC. Nyob rau hauv kev sib pauv, nws muaj peev xwm yuav ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Shenyang F-6 fighters, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog ib tug Suav daim ntawv luam ntawm lub Soviet MiG-19S fighter, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug radar pom thiab huab cua-to-air missiles. Nyob rau hauv 1966-1971, 66 F-6 fighters tau yuav, nrog rau plaub piv txwv hloov mus rau kev yees duab reconnaissance, uas tau nruab rau squadrons ntawm combat aircraft aircraft. Tom qab ntawd lwm tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua tau txais los ntawm kev them nyiaj rau tus qauv poob rau cov laj thawj hauv xyoo 1972, vim qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov mos txwv phom tsis raug. Ua ke nrog lawv, 6 FT-5 kev sib ntaus sib tua tus kws qhia dav hlau tau yuav (kev xa khoom hauv xyoo 1972), uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm F-5 fighter nrog ob lub rooj zaum ntawm FT-2 combat trainer aircraft. Tib lub sijhawm, ib lub foob pob Harbin H-5, uas yog ib daim qauv ntawm Il-28 bomber, kuj tau yuav los hloov lub tsheb ntawm hom no tau yuav kaum tsib xyoos dhau los.

Kev nthuav dav ntawm Albanian Air Force lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-12s. Qhov kawg yuav tsum tau yuav yog 7 Chengdu F-1972A supersonic fighters (xa hauv 21), tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet MiG-13F-2 fighter thiab armed nrog ob PL-3 cua-rau-air coj missiles. Lawv yog ib daim qauv ntawm Soviet RS-9S infrared homing missile, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau ua qauv tom qab American AIM-XNUMXB Sidewinder missile.

Albanian tub rog aviation tau mus txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cuaj pawg tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau, suav nrog peb lub dav hlau dav hlau. Cov tub rog nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Lezha muaj ib pab tub rog F-7A thiab ob lub F-6 tub rog, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau Kutsova muaj ob pawg F-6 thiab ib pab tub rog F-5, Rinas regiment muaj ob pawg F-6. thiab MiG squadron -15 bis.

F-6 (MiG-19S) yog cov neeg tua hluav taws ntau tshaj plaws hauv Albania, tab sis ua ntej lawv nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1959, 12 MiG-19PM cov neeg tua hluav taws tau raug xa los ntawm USSR, uas tau xa mus rau PRC rau luam tawm xyoo 1965.

Nyob rau hauv 1967, ntxiv rau Mi-4 thauj helicopters muab los ntawm USSR, Albania yuav 30 Harbin Z-5 nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, uas yog Suav daim qauv ntawm Mi-4 (lawv tau ua haujlwm nrog peb Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog). Cov tub rog yog nyob ntawm Fark puag). Lub davhlau kawg ntawm cov tshuab no tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 26, 2003, tom qab ntawd lawv tau raug coj tawm ntawm kev pabcuam hnub tom qab. Peb ntawm lawv tseem nyob airworthy rau qee lub sijhawm ua ib qho chaw cia.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub Albanian Air Force mus txog lub siab tshaj plaws cov xwm txheej ntawm squadrons nruab nrog sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau aircraft (1 x F-7A, 6 x F-6, 1 x F-5 thiab 1 x MiG-15 bis. ). ).

Qhov kawg ntawm XNUMXs tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv Albanian-Suav kev sib raug zoo, thiab txij li ntawd los, Albanian Air Force pib tawm tsam nrog cov teeb meem nce ntxiv thaum sim tswj cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov dav hlau nyob rau theem tsim nyog. Vim tias qhov teeb meem kev lag luam tsis zoo hauv lub tebchaws hauv XNUMXs thiab qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev siv riam phom tsawg, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua.

Xyoo 1992, tsoomfwv tshiab tau raug xaiv tsa, xaus rau lub sijhawm cov tebchaws nyob hauv Albania. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog, uas tau ntsib ntau lub sijhawm nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum Albanian banking system poob rau xyoo 1997. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam, ntau ntawm Albanian Air Force cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov chaw raug puas tsuaj lossis puas. Lub neej yav tom ntej yog bleak. Rau Albanian tub rog aviation kom muaj sia nyob, nws yuav tsum tau txo qis thiab kho tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv 2002, Albanian Air Force pib lub Forces Objective 2010 qhov kev pab cuam (txoj kev loj hlob cov lus qhia txog 2010), nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus reorganization ntawm subordinate units yuav tsum tau ua. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug txo los ntawm 3500 tus tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog mus rau kwv yees li 1600 tus neeg. Tub Rog Tub Rog yuav tsum tau tso tseg tag nrho cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua uas tam sim no tau muab khaws cia hauv Gjader, Kukovo thiab Rinas, nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev nrhiav tus neeg yuav khoom rau lawv. Cov tub rog Albanian lub dav hlau kawg tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2005, xaus rau 50 xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau.

153 lub dav hlau tau muab tso rau muag, suav nrog: 11 MiG-15bis, 13 UTI MiG-15, 11 F-5, 65 F-6, 10 F-7A, 1 H-5, 31 Z-5, 3 Y-5 thiab 8 PT-6. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog kev khaws cia ntawm 6 FT-5 tus kws qhia dav hlau thiab 8 PT-6 piston tus kws qhia dav hlau hauv lub xeev mothballed. Lawv yuav tsum tau siv los kho cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua sai li sai tau thaum lub teb chaws cov nyiaj txiag zoo dua. Qhov no tau xav tias yuav tshwm sim tom qab xyoo 2010. kev nrhiav tau ntawm 26 Turkish F-5-2000 fighters, uas yuav tsum yog ib tug prelude rau yav tom ntej nrhiav tau ntawm F-16 fighters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm F-7A fighters, lub zeem muag ntawm kev muag khoom zoo li tiag tiag, txij li thaum cov cav tov no feem ntau muaj lub sij hawm luv luv mus txog 400 teev. Tsuas yog plaub lub teeb pom kev zoo Y-5s thiab plaub qhov kev cob qhia PT-6s tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam.

Txawm hais tias ua ntej tshaj tawm ntawm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab, Albania tau ua haujlwm tsawg tsawg ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub tshiab. Xyoo 1991, Tswb 222UT nyoob hoom qav taub tau yuav los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, uas tau siv los thauj cov neeg tseem ceeb. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tuag hauv kev sib tsoo thaum Lub Xya Hli 16, 2006, uas tau tua rau tus neeg, txhua tus nyob hauv nkoj. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1991, Fabkis pub peb lub Aerospatiale AS.350B Ecureuil helicopters rau Albania. Tam sim no, lawv tau siv los ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs los saib xyuas ciam teb thiab thauj cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 1995, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau yuav plaub lub dav hlau Aerospatiale SA.319B Alouette III tsheb thauj neeg mob nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm Switzerland rau nws cov kev pab kho mob xwm txheej ceev (1995 - 1 thiab 1996 - 3). Mi-1999 nruab nrab thauj nyoob hoom qav taub (tej zaum tau txais los ntawm Ukraine?) tau xa hauv 8 thiab tam sim no siv los ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs rau tib lub hom phiaj raws li AS.350B.

Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Albanian Air Force tau pom tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj cov tub rog Albanian mus rau NATO cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, ob lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis pub ob peb lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub rau Albania los txhawb txoj kev npaj ua kom zoo dua qub. Cov tsheb tshiab no yog siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj, suav nrog kev thauj khoom thiab tib neeg, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev cawm, kev pab cuam kev puas tsuaj, kev ya davhlau, thiab kev cob qhia neeg caij dav hlau.

Ltalis pom zoo pub dawb kaum plaub lub nyoob hoom qav taub yav dhau los siv los ntawm Italian Army, suav nrog 7 Agusta-Bell AB.205A-1 nruab nrab thauj nyoob hoom qav taub thiab 7 AB.206C-1 lub teeb hluav taws xob nyoob hoom qav taub. Thawj qhov kawg tuaj txog hauv Albania thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2002. Peb qhov kawg piv txwv tuaj txog hauv Albania thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2003, tso cai rau Z-5 lub dav hlau hnyav hnyav tau so haujlwm. Lub Plaub Hlis 2004, thawj peb AB.205A-1 tau koom nrog lawv. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2007, Ltalis kuj tau xa ib lub dav hlau Agusta A.109C, tsim los thauj VIPs (los hloov lub Tswb 222UT ploj).

Lub Plaub Hlis 12, 2006, tsoomfwv ntawm Albania thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus muaj nqis 10 lab euros rau kev muab 12 lub teeb ntau lub luag haujlwm Bo-105M nyoob hoom qav taub, yav tas los siv los ntawm cov tub rog German. Tag nrho kaum ob tau hloov kho tshiab los ntawm Eurocopter cog hauv Donauwörth mus rau tus qauv Bo-105E4 version. Thawj qhov kev hloov kho tshiab Bo-105E4 tau xa mus rau Albanian Air Force hauv lub Peb Hlis 2007. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Albanian Air Force tau txais rau rau Bo-105E4 helicopters, plaub ntxiv raug xa mus rau Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab ob lub xeem mus rau Ministry of Health. .

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, 2009, daim ntawv cog lus muaj nqis 78,6 lab euros tau kos npe nrog Eurocopter rau kev muab tsib AS.532AL Cougar nruab nrab thauj nyoob hoom qav taub los ua kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau dav hlau. Ob ntawm lawv tau npaj rau kev thauj tub rog, ib qho rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, ib qho rau kev khiav tawm kev kho mob thiab ib qho rau thauj VIPs. Lub sijhawm kawg tau teem sijhawm xa mus ua ntej, tab sis poob rau lub Xya Hli 25, 2012, tua cov neeg ua haujlwm Eurocopter rau lub nkoj. Plaub lub nyoob hoom qav taub tseem raug xa mus. Thawj ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua-cawm version, tau xa tuaj rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 2012. Lub xeem, thib ob lub tsheb thauj tub rog tau sib sau ua ke rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 2014.

Es tsis txhob yuav lwm AS.532AL Cougar nyoob hoom qav taub los hloov lub crashed ib qho rau thauj VIPs, Albanian Ministry of Defense tau xaj ob lub hom phiaj ntau lub teeb EC-145 nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm Eurocopter (yav tas los, thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 2012, thawj lub tshuab ntawm hom no. tau muas hauv version rau thauj VIPs). Lawv tau teeb tsa rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm thiab kev puas tsuaj rov qab los thiab tau qhib rau lub Kaum Hlis 31, 2015.

Ib qho kev tshwm sim loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm Albanian aviation yog qhov tshaj tawm ntawm AS.532AL Cougar helicopters (ib qho ntawm cov tshuab no yog duab thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom mus rau tus neeg siv). Yees duab Eurocopter

Albanian Air Force Helicopter Regiment yog nyob ntawm Farka Base thiab tam sim no muaj 22 lub nyoob hoom qav taub, suav nrog: 4 AS.532AL, 3 AB.205A-1, 6 Bo-105E4, 3 EC-145, 5 AB.206C-1 thiab 1 A 109. Rau qee lub sijhawm, kev tsim lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 12 lub nyoob hoom qav taub yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Albanian kev sib ntaus sib tua aviation cov phiaj xwm, tab sis tam sim no txoj haujlwm no tsis suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tshwj xeeb, kev nrhiav tau ntawm lub teeb MD.500 helicopters armed nrog TOW anti-tank missiles raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Nyob rau hauv 2002, nrog Turkish pab, modernization ntawm lub Kutsova huab cua puag pib, raws li tau zoo raws li nws tau txais ib tug tshiab tswj pej thuam, kho thiab ntxiv dag zog rau txoj kev khiav thiab taxiways. Nws tso cai rau koj txais txawm tias cov dav hlau thauj hnyav li C-17A Globemaster III thiab Il-76MD. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, plaub lub luag haujlwm Y-5 ntau lub luag haujlwm lub dav hlau tau kho dua ntawm cov chaw kho dav hlau nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kucova puag, thawj lub dav hlau Y-5 refurbished tau xa nyob rau hauv 2006. Lawv tau tso cai rau Albanian tub rog aviation los pab cov Cov cwj pwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau, thiab ntxiv rau, cov tshuab no tau ua cov txheej txheem thauj thiab kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tswj tau zoo ntawm kev yuav lub dav hlau thauj tshiab, tab sis xyoo 2011 nws tau txiav txim siab khaws Y-5 dav hlau, ncua kev yuav khoom thauj dav hlau rau lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, nrhiav tau peb Italian G.222 thauj aircraft tau raug txiav txim siab.

Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2002 thiab 2005, Ltalis pauv kaum plaub lub nyoob hoom qav taub mus rau Albanian Air Force, suav nrog xya lub teeb ntau lub luag haujlwm AB.206C-1 (daim duab) thiab xya qhov nruab nrab thauj AB.205A-2.

Tam sim no, Albanian Air Force tsuas yog tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm yav dhau los Albanian tub rog aviation. Lub Cua Dag Zog Yuam, tsim nrog kev pab zoo los ntawm USSR, thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev koom tes nrog cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj, tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no lawv tau raug txo qis; tag nrho cov nkoj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau tau raug tshem tawm thaum kawg rau cov khoom seem. Nws tsis zoo li Albanian Air Force yuav yuav ntau lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau yav tom ntej ze ze. Cov peev nyiaj siv tau tso cai tsuas yog kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov nyoob hoom qav taub. Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 2009, Albania tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm NATO, ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg.

Tom qab koom nrog NATO, Albanian huab cua soj ntsuam lub luag haujlwm tau ua los ntawm Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons, cuam tshuam nrog Greek Air Force F-16 fighters. Lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas tau pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 16, 2009.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Albanian hauv av-raws li kev tiv thaiv huab cua yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm kos, uas yav dhau los tau nruab nrog nruab nrab-ntaus missile systems HQ-2 (ib daim qauv ntawm Soviet SA-75M Dina anti-aircraft system), HN-5. MANPADS (ib daim ntawv theej ntawm Soviet Strela-2M anti-aircraft missile system, saws rau kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv 37s) thiab 2-mm anti-aircraft phom. Thaum pib, 75 thawj Soviet SA-1959M Dvina roj teeb tau yuav, uas tau txais los ntawm USSR hauv 12, suav nrog roj teeb kev cob qhia thiab roj teeb sib ntaus sib tua. Lwm 2 HQ-XNUMX roj teeb tau txais los ntawm PRC hauv XNUMXs. Lawv tau raug teeb tsa rau hauv lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Nws kuj tau npaj los hloov cov qub Soviet thiab Suav airspace tswj radars nrog cov cuab yeej niaj hnub Western. Kev nrhiav tau ntawm cov radars no tau tham txog, tshwj xeeb, nrog Lockheed Martin.

Shawn Wilson/Prime Images

Kev sib koom tes: Jerzy Gruszczynski

Txhais: Michal Fischer