Catalytic converter - nws muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub tsheb

Lub tsheb tso tawm muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv cov kev tso tawm mus rau hauv huab cua, ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hu ua "catalytic converter" lossis "catalyst" yog siv. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm lub tsheb nrog roj av thiab diesel internal combustion engines. Paub tias lub catalytic converter ua haujlwm li cas tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab ntsuas qhov tshwm sim uas nws tshem tawm tuaj yeem ua rau.

Catalyst ntaus ntawv

Lub catalytic converter yog ib feem ntawm lub tso pa tawm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub engine tso manifold. Lub catalytic converter muaj xws li:

• Hlau vaj tse nrog inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob kav.
• Ceramic block (monolith). Qhov no yog cov qauv ntxeem tau nrog ntau lub hlwb uas ua rau kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob nrog rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
• Cov txheej txheem catalytic yog txheej txheej tshwj xeeb rau ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov pob zeb ceramic, suav nrog platinum, palladium thiab rhodium. Hauv cov qauv tshiab kawg, qee zaum kub yog siv rau plating - cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig nrog tus nqi qis.
• Casing. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub catalytic converter los ntawm txhua yam kev puas tsuaj.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub catalytic converter yog kom tsis txhob muaj peb lub ntsiab toxicity ntawm cov pa roj, li no lub npe - peb txoj kev. Cov no yog cov khoom xyaw uas yuav tsum tau neutralized:

• Nitrogen oxides NOx, ib feem ntawm smog uas ua rau acid los nag, yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg.
• Cov pa roj carbon monoxide CO yog qhov ua rau tib neeg tuag ntawm qhov concentration ntawm tsuas yog 0,1% hauv huab cua.
• Hydrocarbons CH yog ib feem ntawm smog, qee cov tebchaw yog carcinogenic.

Lub catalytic converter ua haujlwm li cas

Hauv kev xyaum, peb-txoj kev catalytic converter ua haujlwm raws li cov hauv qab no:

• Lub cav tso pa tawm mus txog cov blocks ceramic, qhov chaw uas lawv nkag mus rau lub hlwb thiab ua tiav lawv. Cov hlau catalyst, palladium thiab platinum, tau teeb tsa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation nyob rau hauv uas unburned hydrocarbons CH hloov mus rau dej vapor thiab carbon monoxide CO hloov mus rau carbon dioxide.
• Qhov txo cov hlau catalyst rhodium hloov NOx (nitric oxide) rau hauv ib txwm, tsis muaj teeb meem nitrogen.
• Cov pa huv huv huv tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw.

Yog tias lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub lim dej ib txwm nyob ib sab ntawm lub catalytic converter. Qee zaum ob lub ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib lub caij.

Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub catalytic converter muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom. Kev hloov pauv tiag tiag pib tsuas yog tom qab ncav cuag 300 ° C. Nws tau xav tias qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam lub neej yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 400 thiab 800 ° C. Accelerated aging ntawm catalyst yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 800 mus rau 1000 ° C. Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1000 ° C cuam tshuam rau lub catalytic converter. Ib qho kev xaiv rau high-temperature ceramics yog corrugated ntawv hlau matrix. Platinum thiab palladium ua cov catalysts hauv kev tsim kho no.

Cov khoom siv catalytic converter

Lub neej nruab nrab ntawm lub catalytic converter yog 100 mais, tab sis nrog kev ua haujlwm kom raug, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm mus txog 000 mais. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav ntxov ntxov yog lub cav tsis ua haujlwm thiab roj tsis zoo (roj-huab cua sib tov). Overheating tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug lean sib tov, thiab yog hais tias nws yog nplua nuj heev, lub ntxeem tau blocks yuav clogged nrog unburned roj, tiv thaiv cov tsim nyog cov txheej txheem los ntawm tshwm sim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub catalytic converter yog txo qis.

Lwm qhov ua rau ntawm ceramic catalytic converter tsis ua hauj lwm yog kev puas tsuaj (kev tawg) vim kev ntxhov siab ntawm txhua yam. Lawv provoke qhov kev puas tsuaj sai ntawm cov blocks.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug malfunction, kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub catalytic converter deteriorates, uas yog pom los ntawm ib tug thib ob lambda sojntsuam. Hauv qhov no, chav tswj hluav taws xob qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab qhia qhov yuam kev "CHECK ENGINE" ntawm lub dashboard. Rattles, nce roj noj thiab deterioration nyob rau hauv dynamics kuj yog cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog hloov nrog ib tug tshiab. Catalysts tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav lossis rov kho dua. Txij li cov cuab yeej no kim heev, ntau tus neeg tsav tsheb nyiam tsuas yog tshem nws.

Lub catalytic converter puas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm?

Tom qab tshem tawm cov catalyst, nws feem ntau hloov nrog cov nplaim taws. Cov tom kawg them nyiaj rau qhov ntws ntawm cov pa pa tawm. Nws raug nquahu kom nruab nws txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov suab nrov tsis zoo uas tsim thaum lub catalyst raug tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj xav tshem nws, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tshem tawm cov cuab yeej tag nrho thiab tsis txhob siv cov lus pom zoo ntawm qee cov neeg nyiam tsheb kom xuas nrig ntaus lub qhov ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsuas yog txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ib ntus xwb.

Nyob rau hauv cov tsheb ua raws li Euro 3 ib puag ncig cov qauv, ntxiv rau tshem tawm cov catalytic converter, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj yuav tsum tau reflashed. Nws yuav tsum tau upgraded rau ib tug version tsis muaj ib tug catalytic converter. Koj tuaj yeem nruab ib lub lambda sojntsuam teeb liab emulator kom tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm ECU firmware.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub catalytic converter yog los hloov nws nrog ib feem ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Yog li, kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim lub tsheb yuav raug cais tawm, thiab cov chav kawm ib puag ncig yuav ua raws li qhov tau teev tseg los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.