Yuav ua li cas siv lub teeb kom zoo thaum tua tsheb tuam roob?

Yog tias koj, zoo li peb, mob siab rau kev yees duab thiab ib txwm siv zog kom tau txais qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem, ntawm no yog qee cov lus qhia coj koj mus rau ib kauj ruam ntxiv thiab cia siab tias yuav pab koj ntes cov duab zoo nkauj roob tsheb kauj vab.... mus ncig ua si uas yuav ua kom tiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm UtagawaVTT sai !!!

Raws li ib tug preamble, thawj cov lus qhia: ib txwm coj cov duab uas yog me ntsis underexposed (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj nyob nraum shooting nyob rau hauv jpeg hom). Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau retouch ib daim duab uas yog me ntsis underexposed tshaj overexposed; ib zaug cov duab tig dawb, cov xim yuav rov qab tsis tau!

Raw thiab JPEG?

Tej zaum koj yuav tsis muaj kev xaiv! Koj lub koob yees duab puas tso cai rau koj tua hauv RAW hom lossis tsuas yog hauv jpeg hom? Yog tias koj lub cuab yeej txhawb nqa raw, nws feem ntau yog teem rau jpeg los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Thiab nws ua haujlwm zoo heev! Yog li vim li cas ho hloov? Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua hom yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej tshaj, JPEG yog dab tsi? Thaum koj thaij duab, lub sensor kaw tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj cov duab, ces tus processor hauv lub cuab yeej hloov nws (zoo ib yam, saturation, xim), nws tus kheej retouches daim duab thiab compresses nws kom xa cov jpeg kawg hom. hom ntawv. Tsis zoo li RAW hom, nws tsis tau ua tiav los ntawm lub koob yees duab.

Raws li qhov no, peb tuaj yeem hais txog qhov zoo ntawm jpeg yog cov duab uas twb tau ua tiav lawm (txhim kho?!), nyeem tau ntawm txhua lub computer, compressed, yog li hnyav dua, npaj siv! Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua li raw thiab tsis tshua muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv retouching.

Hloov pauv, cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tsis ua tiav, yog li cov ntaub ntawv sensor tsis ploj, muaj ntau yam nthuav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab tsaus, thiab tuaj yeem kho. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau software ua, nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem lossis luam tawm ncaj qha los ntawm lub computer, thiab nws hnyav dua jpeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj daim npav ceev ceev rau kev tua.

Yog li dab tsi yog qhov kev xaiv los ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm koj lub roob tsheb kauj vab? Yog tias koj xav tua scenes xws li dhia thiab xav tau kev tawg, jpeg tau pom zoo nrog daim npav me me! Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj tua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub teeb pom kev zoo (tsob hav zoov, huab cua tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam), lossis yog tias koj xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev muaj peev xwm rov ua dua, tau kawg hauv RAW!

dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas

Koj puas tau thaij duab xim tsis zoo? Yuav ua li cas, piv txwv li, nrog lub ntsej muag daj daj nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj sab hauv tsev lossis me ntsis xiav sab nraum zoov hnub huab cua? Dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas yog qhov kev hloov ntawm lub koob yees duab kom cov xim dawb ntawm qhov chaw tseem dawb nyob rau hauv daim duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov shooting. Txhua lub teeb ci muaj xim sib txawv: piv txwv li, txiv kab ntxwv rau lub teeb incandescent, ntau xiav rau lub teeb. Ntawm txoj kev tib yam, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub lossis huab cua, xim ntawm lub teeb hloov. Peb lub qhov muag feem ntau them nyiaj rau dawb kom nws tshwm dawb rau peb, tab sis tsis yog lub koob yees duab ib txwm! Yog li koj ua li cas thiaj li teeb tsa qhov nyiaj dawb? Nws yog qhov yooj yim: nyob ntawm seb hom teeb pom kev zoo uas illuminates koj cov khoom.

Cov koob yees duab feem ntau muaj kev teeb tsa rau ntau hom teeb: tsis siv neeg, incandescent, fluorescent, tshav ntuj, huab, thiab lwm yam. Zam tsis siv neeg hom yog tias ua tau thiab siv sijhawm los kho qhov sib npaug kom haum rau koj qhov chaw nyob tam sim no. ... ! Yog tias koj thaij duab thaum caij tsheb kauj vab roob, saib huab cua: overcast lossis tshav ntuj, hauv hav zoov hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, lossis saum toj ntawm lub roob hauv lub hnub ci? Cov qauv sib txawv no feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig txaus siab! Thiab nws tseem yuav tiv thaiv koj cov duab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim rau tib qhov tso zis, qee qhov ntau daj lossis xiav!

Kev kho qhov sib npaug yog siv los ua cov duab kom ze li sai tau rau qhov tseeb pom los ntawm lub qhov muag, tab sis hloov pauv, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov dawb tshuav kom muab cov duab tshwj xeeb!

Aperture thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw

Qhov tob ntawm daim teb yog thaj tsam ntawm daim duab uas cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsom. Hloov qhov tob ntawm daim teb tso cai rau koj los qhia qee yam khoom lossis cov ntsiab lus.

• Yog tias kuv tab tom tua cov ntsiab lus ze nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis toj roob hauv pes, kuv xav kom ob qho tib si cov ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los ua kom pom tseeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kuv yuav ua kom qhov tob tshaj plaws.
• Yog tias kuv coj ib qho kev kawm ze (xws li portrait) uas kuv xav qhia, kuv txo qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw. Kuv qhov kev kawm yuav ua kom pom tseeb tawm tsam tom qab qhov muag tsis pom.

Txhawm rau ua si nrog qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw hauv kev yees duab, koj yuav tsum siv qhov chaw uas txhua lub koob yees duab feem ntau muab: aperture aperture.

Kev qhib siab yog dab tsi?

Aperture (Aperture) ntawm lub lens yog ib qho parameter uas tswj lub aperture txoj kab uas hla ntawm aperture. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm nquag hais "f / N". Tus lej tsis muaj qhov ntsuas no txhais tau tias yog qhov piv ntawm qhov focal ntev f ntawm lub lens rau txoj kab uas hla d ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov sab laug los ntawm qhov qhib aperture ː N = f / d

Ntawm qhov focal ntev tas li, qhov nce ntawm cov apertures N yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kaw lub diaphragm. Ob peb lub npe yog siv los qhia tus nqi qhib. Piv txwv li, los qhia tias lub lens siv nrog aperture ntawm 2,8, peb pom cov npe hauv qab no: N = 2,8, lossis f / 2,8, lossis F2.8, lossis 1: 2.8, lossis tsuas yog 2.8.

Aperture qhov tseem ceeb yog tus qauv: n = 1,4 - 2 - 2,8 - 4 - 5,6 - 8 - 11 - 16 - 22 ... thiab lwm yam.

Cov txiaj ntsig no tau teeb tsa kom ob zaug ntau npaum li lub teeb nkag mus rau lub lens thaum koj txav los ntawm ib qho nqi mus rau lwm qhov hauv qhov nqis los.

Focal length / aperture (f / n) txhais lub tswvyim tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv portraits thiab macro photography: qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw.

Txoj cai yooj yim:

• Txhawm rau kom qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm thaj teb, kuv xaiv qhov aperture me me (peb feem ntau hais tias "Kuv nyob ze rau qhov siab tshaj plaws" ...).
• Txhawm rau txo qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw (qhov plooj tom qab), kuv xaiv qhov aperture loj.

Tab sis ceev faj, qhov qhib aperture yog qhia raws li "1 / n" piv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov koob yees duab tsis tso tawm "1 / n" tab sis "n". Aspiring mathematicians yuav to taub qhov no: los qhia ib tug loj aperture, kuv yuav tsum qhia ib tug me me n, thiab qhia ib tug me me aperture, kuv yuav tsum qhia ib tug loj n.

Nyob hauv kev xaus:

Qhov tob tob ntawm daim teb vim qhov aperture loj thiab yog li me me n (4)

Qhov loj qhib ntawm qhov chaw vim qhov qhib me me thiab yog li qhov loj n (8)

Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab lub teeb!

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, aperture cuam tshuam rau lub teeb uas nkag mus rau lub lens. Li no, aperture thiab exposure muaj feem cuam tshuam yog tias peb xav kom cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm zoo nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej nrog rau keeb kwm yav dhau los ua kom pom tseeb (nrog aperture qis xws li f / 16 lossis f / 22), thaum lub teeb ci tsis tas yuav tso cai rau nws. Nws yuav tsim nyog los them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj lub teeb los ntawm kev nce shutter ceev lossis ISO rhiab heev, tab sis qhov ntawd yuav yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm yav tom ntej!