Italian self-propelled phom ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Italian self-propelled phom ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Nyob rau hauv lub 30s thiab 40s, lub Italian kev lag luam, uas tsis tshua muaj kev zam, tsim tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm tsis zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis zoo tsis. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim qauv Italian tau tswj hwm los tsim ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus kheej-tsim phom tsim ntawm lawv lub chassis, uas yuav tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm.
Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj rau qhov no. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog kev tsis ncaj ncees kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s, thaum FIAT thiab Ansaldo tau txais ib tug monopoly ntawm cov khoom ntawm armored tsheb rau cov tub rog Italian, nyob rau hauv uas cov tub ceev xwm laus (xws li Marshal Hugo Cavaliero) feem ntau muaj lawv cov shares. Tau kawg, muaj teeb meem ntau dua, suav nrog qee qhov kev thim rov qab ntawm qee ceg ntawm Italian kev lag luam, thiab thaum kawg, teeb meem nrog kev txhim kho cov tswv yim sib koom ua ke rau kev txhim kho cov tub rog.
Vim li no, cov tub rog Italian ua lag luam nyob deb dhau ntawm cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb, thiab cov neeg Askiv, Fabkis thiab Asmeskas tau tsim cov qauv, thiab txij li xyoo 1935 kuj yog cov Germans thiab Soviets. Cov neeg Italians tau tsim kom muaj kev vam meej FIAT 3000 lub teeb tank nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm armored armament, tab sis lawv tom qab kev ua tau zoo deviated considerably los ntawm tus qauv no. Tom qab nws, tus qauv, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv uas tau hais los ntawm British tuam txhab Vickers, tau txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Italian los ntawm tankettes CV.33 thiab CV.35 (Carro Veloce, ceev tank), thiab me ntsis tom qab, lub L6 / 40. Lub teeb tank, uas tsis zoo heev thiab yog ob peb xyoos lig (hloov mus rau kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1940).
Italian armored divisions, tsim los ntawm 1938, yuav tsum tau txais artillery (raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug regiment) muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa tanks thiab motorized infantry, uas kuj yuav tsum tau lub cev muaj zog traction. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Italian ua tib zoo ua raws li cov haujlwm uas tau tshwm sim txij li xyoo 20s rau kev qhia txog cov phom loj nrog cov av siab thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws, muaj peev xwm tua tau rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog li tau yug los lub tswv yim ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom rau cov tub rog Italian. Cia peb rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm me ntsis thiab hloov qhov chaw ...
Pre-ua tsov ua rog self-propelled phom
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom hnub rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm thaum thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam nkag mus rau hauv lub battlefield. Xyoo 1916, lub tshuab tau tsim nyob rau hauv Great Britain, tau xaiv lub Gun Carrier Mark I, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov tsis muaj kev txav ntawm towed artillery, uas tsis tuaj yeem txawm tias nrog thawj qeeb. - phom phom. txav ntawm lub tank hla qhov nyuaj. Nws tsim tau raws li qhov hloov pauv tau zoo ntawm Mark I chassis.Nws yog armed nrog 60-pounder (127 mm) lossis 6-nti 26-xees (152 mm) howitzer. 50 cranes raug txiav txim, ob ntawm uas tau nruab nrog mobile cranes. Thawj cov phom uas tus kheej tau ua rau lawv thawj zaug hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Tsov Rog Thib Peb ntawm Ypres (Lub Xya Hli-Lub Kaum Hli 1917), tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej. Lawv tau raug ntsuas tias ua tsis tiav thiab tau hloov pauv sai sai rau hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm armored nqa cov mos txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm tus kheej-propelled artillery pib nrog lawv.
Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, ntau yam qauv raug dej nyab. Kev faib cov phom rau nws tus kheej rau hauv ntau pawg tau maj mam tsim, uas, nrog qee qhov kev hloov pauv, tau muaj sia nyob mus rau hnub no. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog cov phom tua tus kheej (cannons, howitzers, phom-howitzers) thiab mortars. Self-propelled anti-tank phom los ua lub npe hu ua tank destroyers. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv armored, mechanized thiab motorized txhua ntawm huab cua tawm tsam, nws tus kheej-propelled anti-aircraft installation (xws li Mark I ntawm 1924, armed nrog ib tug 76,2-mm 3-pounder phom) pib tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 30s, thawj prototypes ntawm tua phom (Sturmeschütz, StuG III) tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas yog tiag tiag ib tug hloov rau infantry tso tsheb hlau luam siv lwm qhov, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug turretless version. Qhov tseeb, kev txhawb nqa tso tsheb hlau luam hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas, thiab cov tsheb loj loj hauv USSR, yog qhov txawv ntawm lub tswv yim no, feem ntau yog armed nrog ib tug loj caliber howitzer dua li tus qauv phom ntawm lub tank ntawm hom no thiab ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm yeeb ncuab. fortifications thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
