F / A-18 Hornet

F/A-18C los ntawm VFA-34 "Blue Blaster" squadron. Lub dav hlau nta ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv kev hwm ntawm lub davhlau ua haujlwm kawg hauv keeb kwm ntawm US Navy Hornets, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nkoj nkoj USS Carl Vinson thaum Lub Ib Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis 2018.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, US Navy (USN) tau tso tseg kev siv F / A-18 Hornet cov neeg tua hluav taws hauv tsev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov neeg tua hluav taws ntawm hom no tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm Navy. Cov "classic" F/A-18 Hornet fighters tseem nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog squadrons ntawm United States Marine Corps (USMC), uas npaj siab yuav ua hauj lwm rau 2030-2032. Ntxiv rau Tebchaws Meskas, xya lub tebchaws muaj F / A-18 Hornet fighters: Australia, Finland, Spain, Canada, Kuwait, Malaysia thiab Switzerland. Feem ntau xav kom lawv ua haujlwm rau lwm kaum xyoo. Thawj tus neeg siv tshem tawm lawv yuav yog Kuwait, thiab zaum kawg yog Spain.

Lub Hornet airborne fighter tau tsim rau US Navy ua ke los ntawm McDonnel Douglas thiab Northrop (tam sim no Boeing thiab Northrop Grumman). Lub dav hlau ya mus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1978. Cov kev sim no muaj cuaj lub rooj zaum ib leeg, xaiv F-9A, thiab 18 lub dav hlau ob lub rooj zaum, xaiv TF-2A. Thawj qhov kev sim nyob rau hauv lub nkoj nkoj USS America tau pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam, USN txiav txim siab hais tias nws tsis xav tau ob versions ntawm lub aircraft - fighter thiab tawm tsam. Yog li no qhov txawv me ntsis "F / A" tau qhia. Lub rooj zaum ib leeg tau xaiv F / A-1979A, thiab ob lub rooj zaum tau xaiv F / A-18B. Cov tub rog uas yuav tsum tau txais cov tub rog tshiab tau hloov lawv tsab ntawv los ntawm VF (tub rog tub rog) thiab VA (tsib pawg tub rog) mus rau: VFA (Strike Fighter Squadron), i.e. fighter-bomber tub rog.

Lub F/A-18A/B Hornet tau qhia rau US Navy squadrons thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1981. USMC squadrons pib txais lawv xyoo 1983. Lawv tau hloov McDonnel Douglas A-4 Skyhawk nres aircraft thiab LTV A-7 Corsair II fighter bombers. , McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighters thiab lawv cov kev tshawb nrhiav version - RF-4B. Txog xyoo 1987, 371 F / A-18As tau tsim tawm (hauv cov khoom tsim tawm 4 txog 22), tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv hloov mus rau F / A-18C variant. Ob lub rooj zaum version, F / A-18B, tau npaj rau kev cob qhia, tab sis cov dav hlau no khaws tag nrho cov peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ib lub rooj zaum. Nrog nws cov cab txuas ntxiv, B version haum 6 feem pua ​​​​ntawm nws cov tank sab hauv. roj tsawg dua li ib lub rooj zaum version. 39 F / A-18Bs tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lawm blocks 4 txog 21.

Lub davhlau ntawm F / A-18 Hornet multirole homing fighter tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1978. Txog rau xyoo 2000, 1488 aircraft ntawm hom no tau tsim.

Thaum ntxov xyoo 80, Northrop tau tsim ib qho av-raws li version ntawm Hornet, xaiv F-18L. Cov neeg tua rog tau npaj rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb - rau cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam uas xav siv lawv tsuas yog los ntawm cov hauv paus hauv av. F-18L yog tsis muaj "on-board" cov khoom - ib tug tsaws nuv, ib tug catapult mount thiab ib tug tis folding mechanism. Lub fighter kuj tau txais ib lub teeb chassis. F-18L yog qhov sib zog dua li F / A-18A, ua rau nws ua tau ntau dua, piv rau F-16 fighter. Lub caij no, tus khub Northrop McDonnel Douglas muab F / A-18L fighter rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Nws tsuas yog qhov hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm F / A-18A. Qhov kev thov yog nyob rau hauv kev sib tw ncaj qha nrog F-18L, ua rau Northrop foob McDonnell Douglas. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau xaus nrog McDonnell Douglas yuav F / A-50L los ntawm Northrop rau $ 18 lab thiab lav nws lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm loj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg, lub hauv paus version ntawm F / A-18A / B tau npaj rau kev xa tawm, uas, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem on-board. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tawm tsam Hornet tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm "tshwj xeeb" av version, uas yog F-18L.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-80s, ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm Hornet tau tsim, tsim F / A-18C / D. Thawj F/A-18C (BuNo 163427) ya thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 3, 1987. Sab nraud, F/A-18C/D tsis txawv ntawm F/A-18A/B. Thaum xub thawj, Hornets F/A-18C/D siv tib lub cav li A/B version, i.e. General Electric F404-GE-400. Cov khoom tshiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau siv hauv C version yog, ntawm lwm tus, Martin-Baker SJU-17 NACES Ejection Seats (Common Navy Crew Ejection Seat), cov khoos phis tawj lub hom phiaj tshiab, hluav taws xob jamming systems, thiab kev puas tsuaj-resistant flight recorders. Cov neeg tua rog tau hloov kho rau AIM-120 AMRAAM huab cua-rau-huab cua tshiab, AGM-65F Maverick thermal imaging coj missiles thiab AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles.

Txij li FY 1988, F / A-18C tau tsim nyob rau hauv Kev Tawm Tsam Hmo Ntuj, tso cai rau huab cua mus rau hauv av thaum hmo ntuj thiab huab cua tsis zoo. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tau hloov mus nqa ob lub thawv: Hughes AN / AAR-50 NAVFLIR (infrared navigation system) thiab Loral AN / AAS-38 Nite HAWK (infrared guidance system). Lub cockpit yog nruab nrog AV / AVQ-28 head-up zaub (raster graphics), ob lub Kaiser 127 x 127 mm xim multi-function displays (MFDs) (hloov cov duab monochrome) thiab navigation tso saib cov duab digital, xim, txav. Smith Srs map 2100 (TAMMAC - Tactical Aircraft Moving Map Capability). Lub alarm yog yoog rau kev siv GEC Cat's Eyes (NVG) hmo ntuj tsom iav tsom iav. Txij li thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1993, qhov tseeb version ntawm AN / AAS-38 thawv, nruab nrog lub laser designator thiab rangefinder, tau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv Hornet, ua tsaug rau Hornet pilots tuaj yeem qhia nws tus kheej hauv av rau kev taw qhia laser. riam phom (tus kheej lossis nqa los ntawm lwm lub dav hlau). Tus qauv F/A-18C Hmo Ntuj Hawk tau ya mus rau lub Tsib Hlis 6, 1988. Kev tsim tawm ntawm "hmo" Hornets pib thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1989 ua ib feem ntawm 29th ntau lawm (tawm ntawm 138 daim ntawv luam).

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1991, kev teeb tsa tshiab General Electric F36-GE-404 EPE (Enhanced Performance Engine) xyaw pib ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom thaiv 402 hauv Hornety. Cov cav no tsim txog li 10 feem pua. ntau zog piv rau "-400" series. Xyoo 1992, kev teeb tsa ntawm Hughes niaj hnub thiab muaj zog dua (tam sim no Raytheon) hom AN / APG-18 huab cua radar tau pib ntawm F / A-73C / D. Nws hloov qhov qub teeb tsa Hughes AN / APG-65 radar. Lub davhlau ntawm F / A-18C nrog lub radar tshiab tau tshwm sim rau lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1992. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nroj tsuag pib nruab AN / APG-73 radar. Hauv cov khoom tsim tawm txij li xyoo 1993, kev teeb tsa ntawm plaub-chamber tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws xob thiab AN / ALE-47 thermal cuam tshuam cassettes, uas hloov cov laus AN / ALE-39, thiab hloov kho AN / ALR-67 hluav taws xob ceeb toom, tau pib. . .

Tus thawj Hmo Ntuj Hawk hloov dua tshiab tsis suav nrog ob lub rooj F / A-18D. Thawj 29 daim ntawv luam tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kev teeb tsa nrog lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Model C. Xyoo 1988, kev tawm tsam ntawm F / A-18D, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv txhua qhov huab cua, tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb ntawm US Marine Corps. tau tsim. Lub cockpit tom qab, tsis muaj tus tswj tuav, tau yoog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua (WSO - Weapons Systems Officer). Nws muaj ob sab multifunction joysticks rau kev tswj cov riam phom thiab on-board systems, raws li zoo raws li ib tug movable daim ntawv qhia zaub mov nyob rau hauv siab dua ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag. F/A-18D tau txais tag nrho Hmo Ntuj Hawk Model C pob. Louis Lub Tsib Hlis 18, 163434 Thawj qhov kev tsim khoom F/A-6D Hmo Ntuj Hawk (BuNo 1988) yog thawj D qauv tsim rau Block 18.

Tebchaws Asmeskas Navy tau xaj 96 F / A-18D Hmo Ntuj Hawks, feem ntau tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm txhua huab cua Marine Corps.

Cov tub rog no raug xaiv VMA (AW), qhov twg cov tsiaj ntawv AW sawv rau All-Weather, txhais tau tias txhua yam huab cua. F / A-18D feem ntau hloov lub Grumman A-6E Intruder attack aircraft. Tom qab ntawd lawv kuj pib ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe hu ua. Kev them nyiaj yug huab cua rau kev txhawb nqa huab cua ceev thiab tactical - FAC(A) / TAC(A). Lawv hloov McDonnell Douglas OA-4M Skyhawk thiab North American Rockwell OV-10A/D Bronco aircraft hauv lub luag haujlwm no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1999, F/A-18D kuj tau ua dhau los ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo ntawm huab cua tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los ua los ntawm RF-4B Phantom II cov neeg tua rog. Qhov no ua tau ua tsaug rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Martin Marietta ATARS (Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance System) tactical reconnaissance system. Lub "palletized" ATARS system yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub chamber ntawm lub M61A1 Vulcan 20mm multi-barrel phom, uas yog muab tshem tawm thaum lub ATARS siv.

Lub dav hlau nrog lub ATARS system yog qhov txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ncaj ncees nrog lub qhov rais protruding hauv qab lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau. Kev ua haujlwm rau nruab lossis tshem tawm ATARS tuaj yeem ua tiav ob peb teev hauv thaj chaw. Marine Corps tau faib ok.48 F / A-18D rau kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo. Cov dav hlau no tau txais lub npe tsis raug cai F/A-18D (RC). Tam sim no, reconnaissance Hornets muaj peev xwm xa cov duab thiab txav cov duab los ntawm ATARS system hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag rau cov neeg tau txais hauv av. Lub F / A-18D (RC) kuj tau hloov kho kom nqa Loral AN / UPD-8 ntim nrog rau sab saum toj saib radar (SLAR) ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub fuselage pylon.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1, 1997, McDonnell Douglas tau txais los ntawm Boeing, uas tau dhau los ua "tus tswv lag luam". Lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm Hornets, thiab tom qab ntawd Super Hornets, tseem nyob hauv St. Louis. Tag nrho ntawm 466 F / A-18Cs thiab 161 F / A-18Ds tau tsim rau US Navy. Kev tsim cov qauv C / D tau xaus rau xyoo 2000. Qhov kawg series ntawm F / A-18C tau sib sau ua ke hauv Finland. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2000, nws raug xa mus rau Finnish Air Force. Qhov kawg Hornet tsim yog F / A-18D, uas tau txais los ntawm US Marine Corps thaum Lub Yim Hli 2000.

Modernization "A+" thiab "A++"

Thawj Hornet modernization program tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab-90s thiab suav nrog tsuas yog F / A-18A. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tau hloov kho nrog AN / APG-65 radars, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem nqa AIM-120 AMRAAM cua-rau-huab cua cuaj luaj. F / A-18A kuj tau hloov kho kom nqa AN / AAQ-28 (V) Litening soj ntsuam thiab tsom cov qauv.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev xaiv txog 80 F / A-18A nrog cov peev txheej ntev tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau uas tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo dua. Lawv tau nruab nrog AN / APG-73 radars thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm C avionics.Cov ntawv luam no tau cim nrog A + kos npe. Tom qab ntawd, 54 A + units tau txais tib lub pob avionics raws li tau teeb tsa hauv C qauv. Lawv tau cim F / A-18A ++. Hornets F / A-18A + / A ++ yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov nkoj ntawm F / A-18C / D. Raws li tus tshiab F / A-18E / F Super Hornet fighters nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam, qee qhov A + thiab tag nrho A ++ raug xa los ntawm US Navy mus rau Marine Corps.

US Marines kuj tau tso lawv cov F/A-18A los ntawm ob-theem kev kho kom zoo dua qub, uas, txawm li cas los xij, txawv me ntsis ntawm US Navy's. Kev hloov kho rau A + tus qauv suav nrog, ntawm lwm yam, kev teeb tsa ntawm AN / APG-73 radars, kev sib koom ua ke GPS / INS satellite-inertial navigation systems, thiab AN / ARC-111 Kev Qhia Tus Phooj Ywg lossis Foe (IFF) system tshiab. Lub hiav txwv hornets nruab nrog lawv yog txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv antennae nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ntswg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub fairing (lus hu ua "noog cutters").

Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab - mus rau "A ++" tus qauv - USMC Hornet tau nruab nrog, thiab lwm yam, cov xim kua siv lead ua kua (LCD), JHMCS lub kaus mom hlau-mounted, SJU-17 NACES ejection seats thiab AN/ALE- 47 locking cartridge ejectors. Lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm F / A-18A ++ Hornet yuav luag zoo li F / A-18C, thiab hauv kev xav ntawm ntau tus kws tsav dav hlau lawv tseem zoo dua, vim tias lawv tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab sib zog dua avionics.