Lub sijhawm ntawm lub tank tsis zoo
Lub sijhawm ntawm lub tank tsis zoo
Thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam cim Mark I tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv xyoo 1916 los ntawm cov neeg Askiv ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Somme hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm infantry. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam loj heev tshwm sim thaum Tsov Rog ntawm Cambrai xyoo 1917. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm XNUMXth hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej no, cia kuv nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv me me thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam - cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab tsis zoo.
Thawj cov tsheb muaj peev xwm muaj tseeb yog cov tsheb uas muaj peev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, feem ntau yog nruab nrog lub tshuab rab phom lossis lub phom phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm cov tsheb loj thiab hnyav dua, cov riam phom thiab caliber tau nce ntxiv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv tau ceev ceev thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg coob los ntawm rab phom tua hluav taws thiab shrapnel. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo: lawv ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis tsis ua haujlwm txhua.
tawm ntawm txoj kev paved ...
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, txij li thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1914 hauv Great Britain, tau sim ua kom cov tub ceev xwm ntawm British War Office ntawm qhov xav tau los tsim cov tub rog, armored tsheb sib ntaus sib tua raws li kab ntsig ua liaj ua teb tsheb laij teb. Thawj qhov kev sim hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1911 (los ntawm Austrian Günter Burstyn thiab Australian Lancelot de Molay), tab sis lawv tsis tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg txiav txim siab. Lub sijhawm no, txawm li cas los xij, nws tau ua haujlwm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab Askiv, Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson thiab William Tritton, tau tsim thiab tsim ib qho qauv ntawm Little Willie tank (Little Willie), thiab ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej - mus zais. lawv - tau muab zais nyob rau hauv lub code lub npe Tank, lo lus no tseem siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus los piav txog lub tank.
Raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tswv yim mus txog Lub Ib Hlis 1916, cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb diamond-zoo li tus tso tsheb hlau luam Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) tau tsim thiab sim ua tiav. Lawv yog thawj tus tuaj koom kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Somme thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1916, thiab kuj tau los ua ib lub cim ntawm Britain kev koom tes hauv Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Mark I tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lawv cov neeg ua tiav tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob hom: "txiv neej" (Txiv neej), armed nrog 2 cannons thiab 3 tshuab phom (2 x 57 hli thiab 3 x 8 hli Hotchkiss) thiab "poj niam" (poj niam), armed nrog 5 rab phom tshuab rab phom (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss thiab 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), tab sis nyob rau tom qab versions, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov riam phom hloov.
Lub Mark I variants muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 27 thiab 28 tons, raws li; lawv cov yam ntxwv feature yog ib tug me me hull, raug tshem tawm ntawm lub pob zeb diamond-zoo li tus qauv nrog armored sponson nyob rau sab, uas tau kiag li tuav ua ke los ntawm caterpillars. Lub riveted armor yog 6 mus rau 12 hli tuab thiab tiv thaiv tsuas yog los ntawm lub tshuab phom tua hluav taws. Lub tshuab tsav nyuaj heev, suav nrog 16-lub tog raj kheej Daimler-Knight lub cav nrog 105 hp. thiab ob pawg ntawm cov gearboxes thiab clutches, xav tau 4 tus neeg ua haujlwm - tag nrho ntawm 8 tus neeg ua haujlwm - 2 rau txhua txoj kev. Yog li, lub tank loj heev (9,92 m ntev nrog "tus Tsov tus tw" uas pab tswj thiab kov yeej trenches, 4,03 m dav nrog sponons thiab 2,44 m siab) thiab qis-ceev (qhov siab tshaj plaws mus txog 6 km / h), tab sis nws Nws yog ib qho zoo heev txhais tau tias txhawb cov infantry. Tag nrho ntawm 150 Mark I tso tsheb hlau luam raug xa tawm, thiab ntau, ntau tus qauv ua raws li nws txoj kev loj hlob.
