Email, i.e. Email

E-mail, e-mail yog ib qho kev pabcuam hauv Is Taws Nem, txhais nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj nomenclature raws li kev pabcuam hluav taws xob, siv los xa cov ntawv lossis ntau cov lus, hu ua e-mails - yog li lub npe ntawm cov kev pabcuam no. Kawm seb email tau hloov pauv li cas txij li xyoo 1536 hauv kab lus hauv qab no.

1536 Lub @ (1) kos npe tshwm nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv xa los ntawm Seville mus rau Rome los ntawm Florentine tub lag luam Francesco Lapi, piav qhia txog kev tuaj txog ntawm peb lub nkoj los ntawm Asmeskas. "Muaj ib qho amphora ntawm cawv sib npaug rau ib feem peb ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub thoob, muaj nqis 70 lossis 80 thalers," tus tub lag luam sau, luv luv lo lus "amphora" rau "ib" ncig ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw: "ib @ wine ” Txij li thaum lub amphora hu ua "arroba" hauv lus Mev, nws yog qhov @ kos npe uas tseem siv hauv Spain thiab Portugal. Lwm txoj kev xav yog qhov @ kos npe tseem laus dua. Thaum ntxov li XNUMXth lossis XNUMXth caug xyoo, cov txiv plig tuaj yeem siv nws ua cov ntawv luv rau Latin "ad". Qhov no txuag lub sijhawm, qhov chaw thiab tus cwj mem.

Txij li thaum lub cim tau raug ntes los ntawm cov tub lag luam, kev lag luam nws kis thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nrog cov neeg Askiv. Cov neeg muag khoom nyob ntawd tau siv nws los xa mus rau tus nqi ib yam khoom, xws li "ob kis ntawm cawv ntawm 10 shillings" (piv txwv li "10 shillings rau ib qho"). Qhov no yog vim li cas lub cim @ tau tshwm sim ntawm Asmeskas thiab Askiv ntaus ntawv ntaus ntawv hauv xyoo 1963. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ASCII cim encoding tus qauv tau pom zoo hauv '95, lub cim @ yog ntawm XNUMX cov cim luam tau.

1. Thawj zaug siv lub @ kos npe

1962 US tub rog network AUTODIN muab kev xa xov ntawm 1350 terminals, ua 30 lab cov lus hauv ib hlis nrog qhov nruab nrab cov lus ntev txog 3000 cim. Ua ntej xyoo 1968 AUTODIN tau txuas ntau dua peb puas lub ntsiab lus hauv ntau lub tebchaws.

1965 los ntawm email tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1965. Cov kws sau ntawv lub tswv yim yog: Louis Pouzin, Glenda Schroeder thiab Pat Crisman los ntawm CTSS MIT. Nws tau siv los ntawm Tom Van Vleck thiab Noel Morris. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntawd qhov kev pabcuam no tsuas yog siv rau xa lus ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm tib lub computerthiab email chaw nyob tseem tsis tau muaj. Txhua tus neeg siv cov lus tau ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos hu ua "MAILBOX" uas muaj "tus kheej" hom kom tsuas yog tus tswv tuaj yeem nyeem lossis tshem tawm cov lus. Cov txheej txheem proto-mail no tau siv los ceeb toom rau cov neeg siv tias cov ntaub ntawv raug zipped, nrog rau kev sib tham ntawm CTSS cov kws sau ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus tus kws sau ntawv hauv CTSS phau ntawv editor.

Ib me ntsis lub computer nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem muaj txog li ib puas tus neeg siv. Lawv feem ntau siv cov terminals yooj yim nkag mus rau lub khoos phis tawj tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub rooj. lawv tsuas txuas nrog lub tshuab nruab nrab - lawv tsis muaj lub cim xeeb lossis lawv lub cim xeeb, tag nrho cov haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoos phis tawj pib sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg hauv lub network, qhov teeb meem tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Yuav tsum tau hais lus, i.e. qhia tias leej twg lawv yuav tsum ncav cuag hauv lub network.

1971-72 MIT kawm tiav npe Ray Tomlinson (2) dhau los ua thawj tus neeg xa xov los ntawm ib lub khoos phis tawj mus rau lwm qhov, txawm hais tias nws siv sijhawm ntau xyoo ua ntej leej twg hu ua kev xyaum Email xa ntawv. Tomlinson tau ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab engineering Bolt Beranek thiab Newman (tam sim no Raytheon BBN), uas tau txib los ntawm US Department of Defense los tsim ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), tus thawj coj hauv Is Taws Nem raws li peb paub niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hnub ntawd computers raug cais los ntawm ib leegthiab kuj tseem kim heev, yog li txhua tus tau siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg sib txawv, thiab cov ntawv sau rau lwm tus neeg siv tau muab pov rau hauv cov thawv ntawv suav.

Thaum tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv lub network, Tomlinson tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv kev xa xov nrog lwm qhov kev pab cuam los hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoos phis tawj. ARPANETs thiab siv lub cim @ hauv nws los cais tus neeg txais lub npe los ntawm tus neeg txais qhov chaw nyob. Hnub tim uas xa thawj zaug yog tsis paub. Qee qhov chaw hais tias qhov no yog xyoo 1971, lwm tus - 1972. Nws kuj tseem tsis meej - Tomlinson nws tus kheej tau lees tias nws yog "QWERTY", uas yuav tsum hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov xov xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws tau siv Digital PDP 10 computers, uas yog ob-meter txee. Ob lub tshuab (txhua tus nrog 288 KB ntawm lub cim xeeb) tau txuas nrog ntawm ARPANET. Thawj zaug, Tomlinson tau txais cov lus xa los ntawm lwm lub computer.

1973 Cov tswv cuab ntawm Internet Engineering Group, xa mus rau Tomlinson lub tswv yim, pom zoo nyob rau hauv RFC 469 lub tswv yim ib tug qauv syntax rau kev sib txuas lus email: [email tiv thaiv]

1978 Spam, lub scourge ntawm email, tsis ntau yau tshaj mail nws tus kheej. Tus thawj coj ntawm spam yog Gary Turk, tus thawj tswj hwm kev lag luam rau lub tuam txhab khoos phis tawj tam sim no tsis raug cai Digital Equipment Corporation, uas xa tawm cov email ntau txhawb nws lub tuam txhab cov khoom siv computer.

Tuerk cov lus, xa mus rau ntau pua lub khoos phis tawj hla ARPANET, tam sim ntawd ua rau muaj kev npau taws los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thiab thuam los ntawm cov thawj coj hauv network. e-mail Nws yog tam sim no dav suav hais tias yog thawj piv txwv ntawm spam, txawm hais tias lub sij hawm yog thawj zaug siv rau unsolicited bulk email ntau xyoo tom qab. Lub sij hawm ntseeg tau tias tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm xyoo 70s hauv TV kos duab qhia hauv Monty Python's Flying Circus uas ib pab pawg Vikings hu nkauj tsis lees paub txog spam, khoom noj nqaij.

3. Spam song "Monty Python's Flying Circus"

1978-79 Thaum Ntxov ISP muab CompuServe Email xa ntawv hauv koj lub tuam txhab kev lag luam Cov kev pabcuam infoplex.

1981 CompuServe tab tom hloov lub npe ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam email rau "E-MAIL". Tom qab ntawd nws yuav thov rau Tebchaws Asmeskas cov cim lag luam, uas txhais tau hais tias lo lus tsis tuaj yeem siv dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe no tsis tau tshwj tseg thaum kawg.

1981 Thaum pib xa Email xa ntawv CPYNET kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv tau siv.. Nws tau siv tom qab ntawd ftp ua, UUCP thiab ntau lwm yam kev cai. Xyoo 1982, Jon Postel tau tsim rau lub hom phiaj no SMTP raws tu qauv (4) tseem siv niaj hnub no. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), siv rau xa email lus rau mail servers, yog thawj zaug tsim nyob rau xyoo 1981 tab sis txij li tau hloov kho thiab nthuav dav ntau zaus los muab kev lees paub, kev nkag mus, thiab lwm yam kev txhim kho. Tus txheej txheem tau teev tseg hauv Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) cov ntaub ntawv hu ua RFC 821 thiab tom qab ntawd hloov kho xyoo 2008 hauv RFC 5321.

SMTP yog cov ntawv nyeem yooj yooj yim., uas qhia tsawg kawg ib tus neeg tau txais cov lus (feem ntau, nws kuaj xyuas nws lub neej), thiab tom qab ntawd xa cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Daemon SMTP, i.e. tawm tswv yim los ntawm tus neeg tau txais kev pabcuam xa ntawv, feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres nkoj 25. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm SMTP server siv telnet program. Cov txheej txheem no tsis ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv binary vim nws yog raws li ASCII cov ntawv nyeem. Cov qauv xws li MIME (thaum ntxov 90s) tau tsim los encode binary cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib kis ntawm SMTP. Feem ntau SMTP servers tam sim no txhawb nqa 8BITMIME txuas ntxiv, uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv binary kom hloov tau yooj yim li ntawv. SMTP tsis tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov lus los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb. Rau qhov no, siv POP3 lossis IMAP raws tu qauv.

1983 Thawj qhov kev lag luam email muaj nyob hauv Asmeskas - Xa ntawv MCIlaunched los ntawm MCI Communications Corp.

1984-88 Thawj version ntawm mail raws tu qauv POP1tau piav qhia hauv RFC 918 (1984). POP2 tau piav qhia hauv RFC 937 (1985). POP3 yog lub feem ntau siv version. Nws yog muab los ntawm RFC 1081 (1988), tab sis qhov tshwj xeeb tsis ntev los no yog RFC 1939, hloov kho kom suav nrog kev txuas ntxiv (RFC 2449) thiab kev lees paub qhov tseeb hauv RFC 1734. Qhov no tau coj mus rau ntau qhov kev siv POP xws li Pine, POPmail, thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam email thaum ntxov. 

1985 Thawj cov kev pab cuam uas tso cai rau koj siv e-mail offline. Kev loj hlob ntawm "offline nyeem". Cov neeg nyeem offline tso cai rau cov neeg siv email khaws lawv cov lus ntawm lawv tus kheej lub khoos phis tawj thiab tom qab ntawd nyeem lawv thiab npaj cov lus teb yam tsis tau txuas nrog lub network. Tam sim no, qhov kev pab cuam nto moo tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau koj ua qhov no yog Microsoft Outlook.

1986 Ib ntus Mail Access Protocol, IMAP (5) tau tsim Yog li Crispina nyob rau hauv 1986 raws li ib tug raws tu qauv tej thaj chaw deb mailbox nkag, as opposed to the widely use POP, a protocol to easy retrieving the contents of a mailbox. Cov txheej txheem no tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv mus txog tam sim no VERSION 4rev1 (IMAP4).

Thawj Txoj Cai Xa Ntawv Nkag Mus Nkag Siab tau siv los ua tus neeg siv khoom. Xerox Lisp tshuab i Server TOPS-20. Tsis muaj cov ntawv theej ntawm thawj lub sijhawm raws tu qauv tshwj xeeb lossis nws cov software. Txawm hais tias qee qhov ntawm nws cov lus txib thiab cov lus teb zoo ib yam li IMAP2, cov txheej txheem ib ntus tsis muaj cov cim qhia / cov lus teb thiab yog li nws cov lus teb tsis sib haum nrog txhua lwm yam ntawm IMAP.

Tsis zoo li POP3uas tsuas yog tso cai rau koj rub tawm thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv xa tuaj, IMAP tso cai rau koj los tswj ntau cov ntawv xa ntawv, nrog rau rub tawm thiab tswj cov npe nyob ntawm lub chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb. IMAP tso cai rau koj mus download tau cov lus headers thiab xaiv cov lus uas koj xav mus download tau rau koj lub computer hauv zos. Nws tso cai rau koj ua ntau yam haujlwm, tswj cov folders thiab cov lus. IMAP4 siv TCP thiab chaw nres nkoj 143 thaum IMAPS kuj siv TCP thiab chaw nres nkoj 993.

1990 Thawj email hauv keeb kwm ntawm Poland tau xa tuaj rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, 1990. (nruab nrab ntawm 10.57 thiab 13.25) los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) hauv Geneva los ntawm Dr. Grzegorz Polok thiab MSc. Pavel Yaloha. Nws raug xa mus rau tus neeg siv % [email tiv thaiv]' thiab khaws los ntawm M.Sc. Lus Askiv Andrzej Sobala ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Nuclear Physics hauv Krakow. 

1991-92 Yug Lotus Notes thiab Microsoft Outlook (6).

6. Lotus Notes vs. Microsoft Outlook

1993 Philip Hallam-Baker, tus kws tshaj lij cybersecurity ua haujlwm rau CERN, tsim thawj lub vev xaib Webmail, xa ntawv tsis yog los ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb, tab sis los ntawm lub vev xaib browser (7). Nws version, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog kev sim thiab tsis tau luam tawm. Yahoo! Post Office tau muab kev pabcuam nkag mus rau lub vev xaib hauv xyoo 1997.

7. Email nkag mus nplooj ntawv hauv browser

1999 pib mobile mail ntawm BlackBerry xov tooj (yim). Cov khoom siv no tau dhau los ua ib feem vim tias BlackBerry muab kev pabcuam email mobile.

8. Ib qho ntawm thawj BlackBerry qauv nrog email txhawb.

2007 Google sib koom Gmail kev pabcuam tom qab plaub xyoos ntawm kev sim beta. Gmail tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 2004 ua ib qhov project Paula Bucheita. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tsis tshua ntseeg tias nws yog cov khoom lag luam hauv Google. Nws tau siv peb xyoos ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim siab tau sau npe rau cov neeg siv yam tsis muaj kev caw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus kev, nws tau txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog ib qho kev pab cuam uas nyob ze rau ib tug desktop daim ntawv thov (siv AJAX). Qhov kev muab ntawm 1 GB ntawm kev nco hauv lub thawv ntawv kuj yog qhov kev xav thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

9. Keeb kwm ntawm Gmail logo

Email kev faib tawm

webmail hom email

Ntau tus neeg muab khoom Email xa ntawv muab tus neeg xa ntawv raws li web browser (xws li AOL Mail, Gmail, Outlook.com, thiab Yahoo! Mail). Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg siv nkag mus E-mail chaw nyob siv ib lub web browser uas siv tau los xa thiab tau txais e-mail. Xa ntawv tsis yog feem ntau rub tawm rau tus neeg siv lub vev xaib, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem tam sim no.

POP3 mail servers

Mail raws tu qauv 3 (POP3) yog tus xa ntawv nkag raws tu qauv siv los ntawm daim ntawv thov tus neeg siv los nyeem cov lus los ntawm tus xa ntawv xa ntawv. Cov lus tau txais feem ntau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub server. POP txhawb nqa yooj yim rub tawm thiab tshem tawm cov cai rau kev nkag mus rau cov chaw xa ntawv nyob deb (hu ua kev xa ntawv hauv POP RFC). POP3 tso cai rau koj rub tawm cov lus email rau koj lub computer hauv zos thiab nyeem lawv txawm tias koj nyob offline.

IMAP email servers

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) muab cov yam ntxwv uas tso cai rau koj los tswj koj lub thawv xa ntawv los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Cov khoom siv me me xws li cov xov tooj smartphones tau siv ntau dua los tshawb xyuas email thaum mus ncig thiab muab cov lus teb luv luv, thaum cov khoom siv loj dua nrog cov keyboard zoo dua yog siv rau cov lus teb ntev dua. IMAP qhia cov lus headers, sender, thiab subject, thiab lub cuab yeej yuav tsum thov kom cov lus tshwj xeeb rub tawm. Feem ntau, mail nyob twj ywm hauv folders ntawm tus xa ntawv server.

MAPI mail servers

Messaging API (MAPI) yog siv los ntawm Microsoft Outlook los sib txuas lus nrog Microsoft Exchange Server, nrog rau ntau lub chaw xa ntawv xws li Axigen Mail Server, Kerio Connect, Scalix, Zimbra, HP OpenMail, IBM Lotus Notes, Zarafa thiab Bynari, qhov chaw muag khoom tau ntxiv MAPI kev txhawb nqa kom tso cai nkag mus rau koj cov khoom ncaj qha los ntawm Outlook.

Hom ntaub ntawv npe extensions hauv email

Thaum tau txais email, email tus thov kev pab txuag cov lus rau cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus. Qee cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ib leeg ua cov ntaub ntawv cais, thaum lwm tus siv lwm yam, feem ntau yog tswv, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau kev khaws cia. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm khaws cia tus qauv yog mbox hom. Cov hom ntawv tshwj xeeb siv feem ntau qhia los ntawm tshwj xeeb filename extensions:

• EML - siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv email, suav nrog Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Outlook Express, Lotus sau ntawv, Windows Mail, Mozilla Thunderbird, thiab Postbox. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj lub cev ntawm cov lus email hauv cov ntawv dawb hauv MIME hom, muaj cov header thiab lub cev ntawm cov lus, suav nrog cov ntawv txuas hauv ib lossis ntau hom.
• ua emlk - siv Apple Mail.
• MSG - Microsoft Office Outlook thiab OfficeLogic Groupware yog siv.
• MBH - siv los ntawm Opera Mail, KMail thiab Apple Mail raws li mbox hom.

Qee cov apps (xws li Apple Mail) tso cov ntawv txuas nrog hauv cov lus tshawb nrhiav thaum khaws cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntawv txuas. Lwm tus cais cov ntawv txuas los ntawm cov lus thiab khaws cia rau hauv ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb.