Fais maus taus, nws ua haujlwm li cas?
Kev ua tau zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb lub neej, qee zaum teeb meem them
Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koomhaum hauv kev txhawb nqa hom "ntsuab" ntawm kev thauj mus los no
Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, qhov sib faib ntawm cov tsheb hluav taws xob tau tshaj 1% hauv Fabkis txoj kev lag luam thaum kawg ntawm 2015: nws tseem yog ib qho niche, tab sis lub niche me me, uas tab tom pib thauj tog rau nkoj hauv thaj chaw, ua tsaug rau kev koom tes ntawm cov players loj hauv kev lag luam automotive (Renault-Nissan, BMW, Mercedes, Kia, Volkswagen, PSA, SEAT) thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg nkag tshiab Lub khw quadrupled hauv 5 xyoo tom ntej.
Thiab maus taus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov no? Hauv 2019 ib leeg, tsheb fais fab tau tshaj 1% ntawm ob lub log tsheb (1,3% hauv Fabkis xyoo 2020). Peb tsis txawm nyob rau theem niche tsis tau, tsuas yog ntawm tus dev croquet theem ntawm lub tais hauv qab. Qhov no yog txawm tias muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb loj (BMW, KTM, Harley-Davidson, Polaris) thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tuaj tshiab (Xero Motorcycle, Energica, Lightning ...). Dynamism niaj hnub no los ntawm cov scooters, suav nrog cov npe keeb kwm xws li Vespa nrog nws cov Elettrica. Ntawm no peb tab tom tham ntxiv txog cov npe tsis paub ob peb xyoos dhau los xws li Cake, Niu, Super Socco, Xiaomi.
Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, yuav luag 10 xyoo tom qab nws tsim nyob rau hauv 2006, Zero Motorcycles tseem tsuas yog muag 50 lub tsheb ib xyoo, Bruno Müller, nws tus thawj coj rau Fabkis, hais rau peb nyob rau hauv lub xeem Paris Motor Show. BMW yog tib lub sijhawm khaws nws tus kheej C Evolution scooter, muag ntawm kwv yees li 500 units hauv ib xyoos, deb tshaj qhov kev cia siab thiab kev kwv yees ntawm Bavarian cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev zam ntawm Fabkis.
Txij thaum ntawd los, tsis muaj ib lub lim tiam ntxiv lawm yam tsis tau pom lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm hluav taws xob ob lub log, thiab ib hlis tsis muaj cov qauv tshiab ntawm hluav taws xob maus taus.
Lub ntiaj teb ntawm maus taus yog ib txwm muaj kev saib xyuas ntau dua li lub ntiaj teb tsheb, thiab tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis txaus siab rau tib lub zog se uas tso cai rau peb cov phooj ywg 6300WD tsav nyob ntsiag to, tau txais nyiaj pab los ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg (nco ntsoov tias yuav lub tsheb hluav taws xob tso cai rau koj coj kom zoo dua. ntawm € 10 nyiaj ntxiv, nce mus rau € 000 yog tias koj tshem tawm cov qub Txawm li cas los xij, nws hais tias "Kev sib luag" ntawm lub pediment ntawm tag nrho peb cov tsev hauv nroog, tab sis hav... Lub hlwb yuav tsum hloov zuj zus mus rau kev sib koom ua ke tiag tiag lossis pom kev cuam tshuam, ntawm uas tiag tiag autonomy thiab chargers yog tsis tsawg.
Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj cov lus nug ntawm tus nqi: ib qho hluav taws xob maus taus tseem kim. Zero ntau yam, uas nws cov nqi tau poob txij thaum ntawd los, pib ntawm € 10 thiab nce mus txog € 220 (lossis txawm tias ob peb txhiab ntxiv nrog kev xaiv ceev ceev), thaum BMW scooter tshwm sim los ntawm € 17 thiab Energica ntau dua € 990 nyiam. yog Harley Livewire. Yog li, daim pib nkag yog siab, txawm tias cov nqi ntawm cov neeg siv tom qab raug txo qis heev. Zero Motorcycles hais tias tus nqi ntawm "roj" yog nyob ib ncig ntawm € 15 txhua 400 kilometers thiab cov maus taus uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsawg kawg nkaus. Ah, mam li nco dheev nws tau txais kev nthuav me ntsis ntxiv.
Tab sis los ntawm txoj kev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob maus taus ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub cav
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm li cas yuav tsum muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm physics. Koj puas paub tias nyob ntawm lawv qhov polarity, cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem nyiam lossis sib ntaus sib tua? Zoo, yog tias koj paub qhov ntawd, koj tau ua tub rog kom nkag siab tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm li cas: qhov tseem ceeb, tsuas yog muab ob qhov sib nqus ntawm lub ntsej muag, cov polarities uas nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv: qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub cev muaj zog hu ua stator. Thaum ib tug tam sim no dhau los ntawm nws, nws attracts tus opposite polarity: nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug axis, nws yog li pib tig thiab hu ua rotor. Zoo li no. Tom qab ntawd nws yog txaus rau lub rotor txuas nrog lub axis kis tau tus mob: ces lub zog hluav taws xob ua txhua yam. Ntawm no koj muaj zog txaus khiav Khawv koob Mixer Super Blender los ntawm Télé-Achat ("yog Maryse, ua tsaug rau nws 320 accessories koj tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si zoo grated carrots thiab qab milkshakes" / "Zoo heev, Pierre thiab tag nrho cov no rau ib qho me me ntawm tsuas yog 199,99 euros, nrog rau tus kws qhia ntawv tshwj xeeb voucher lub cev ") los yog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txav lub tsheb. Peb nyob ntawd.
Ntawm daim ntawv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ntau qhov zoo: ob peb qhov chaw txav, txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom siv (thiab yog li txwv "fais fab pov tseg"), tsis muaj cov kua dej sab hauv (thiab yog li tsis muaj dej los yog xau), txo cov kev xav tau cua txias (qee qhov zoo siab nrog lawv ib puag ncig) huab cua thiab, yog li ntawd, kuj tsis xav tau complex kua txias), tsis hais lub ntsiab yam: tsis muaj explosions sab hauv, tsis muaj kuab paug, zoo ua hauj lwm silence thiab siab tshaj plaws torque ntawm qhov qis tshaj rotational speeds. Lub simplicity ntawm nws tsim kuj guarantees zoo heev durability. Tsis zoo li lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua kom sov: koj tuaj yeem dhia ntawm lub maus taus, ignite roj! Thaum kawg, watts ... (yog, qhov no tso dag, tab sis kuv tseem tau tshaj tawm nws qhov chaw ...).
Tam sim no cia peb tig rov qab: dab tsi yog peb pub nws, lub cav no?
Roj teeb: zoo li Li-Ion lossis Ni-Mh?
Tsis zoo li lub teeb hybrid tsheb xws li Toyota Prius, hluav taws xob maus taus roj teeb raug them. Yog li ntawd, qhov no muaj ob qhov txiaj ntsig: lawv lub peev xwm yuav tsum muaj ntau dua, thiab lawv cov cuab yeej technology kuj txawv.
Rechargeable roj teeb yog feem ntau lithium ion (Lithium-ion) thev naus laus zis, peb zaug ntau zog rau tib lub ntim (tab sis kuj tseem kim dua) dua li cov tshuab thib ob, nickel hlau hydride (Ni-Mh). Energica muaj lithium polymer roj teeb. Cov roj teeb lithium-ion kuj tseem muaj lub cim xeeb tsawg dua, yog li lawv qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm. Yog li, Zero cog lus ntau dua 300 mais thaum khaws tsawg kawg 000% ntawm lub peev xwm roj teeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm luv luv Circuit Court yog ntau dua nrog Li-Ion: yog li cov tshuab siv ntau dua, uas yog qhov hnyav dua thiab kim dua.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tshawb fawb tau nrawm ntawm qib roj teeb rau lub peev xwm loj dua kuj nyob rau hauv ntau compact thiab kuj nrog tsawg tsawg hlau.
Yog li, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm lub cav, nrog rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj teeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua tau zoo no tau khaws cia ntev li ntev tau, nrog ntau yam.
Niaj hnub no, lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm ntawm BMW C Evolution scooter yog 11 kWh, thaum lub Zero ntau yog raws li cov tsheb xws li 3,3 txog 13 kWh. Tsuas yog Energica muaj 21,5 kWh roj teeb.
Lwm yam: hnyav. Yog li, BMW lav ib puas kilometers ntawm ntau yam rau nws lub scooter (uas tseem hnyav 265 kilograms), thaum lub Zero tuaj yeem mus los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 66 kilometers (hauv 2015 rau me me FX ZF3.3, uas hnyav 112 kilograms) rau 312. km (DS thiab DSR ZF13.0 nrog Lub Hwj Chim Tank, lub roj teeb ntxiv uas nqa tag nrho Enduro lossis Supermoto versions tsis tuaj yeem mus deb heev nrog 80 kWh roj teeb.7 feeb ntawm skating- chaw ua si thiab hops Tab sis nws muaj tseeb hais tias tom kawg yuav tsum nyob twj ywm li kaj li sai tau. Energica tau tshaj tawm txog 400 mais ntawm thaj tsam (hauv nroog), tab sis qhov tseeb peb tau zoo dua orbiting 180 mais, uas tseem ntau tshaj kaum mais ntawm ob peb xyoos dhau los. Niaj hnub no, lub tsheb hluav taws xob ob lub log tuaj yeem tsim nyog tshaj li ntawm 100 km.
Tab sis qhov no yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tsis yooj yim, raws li koj yuav tsum tso koj tus cursor intelligently ntawm cov roj teeb loj thiab txwv qhov hnyav, paub tias qhov hnyav yog nkim roj teeb ... Tsis yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem xav txog 13 kWh Zero Motorcycles DS thiab DSR kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txawm tias yuav luag tus nqi! Txhawm rau muab cov khoom tso rau hauv kev xav, paub tias BMW X5 40th (Plug-in Hybrid) muaj 9,2 kWh ntawm cov roj teeb uas tso cai rau qhov loj 2,2-tuj SUV mus ncig peb caug kilometers hauv txhua hom hluav taws xob; Lub 2016 Nissan Leaf muaj 30 kWh, thov 250 km ntawm ntau yam thiab mus 200 km hauv kev muaj tiag.
Rov ua haujlwm dua
Lub roj teeb muaj ntau lub roj teeb / lub hlwb. Xoom yog 128. Thaum lawv pib them tag nrho, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 85%, BMS (Battery Management System) faib cov hluav taws xob. Thiab ntau lub hlwb muaj, qhov ntev nws yuav siv sij hawm los txheeb xyuas lawv kom xa lawv mus rau qhov chaw zoo. Yog li ntawd, lub roj teeb yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua los them rov qab rau qhov feem pua kawg kawg. Qhov no yog vim li cas qee cov tuam txhab lag luam tham ntau txog lub sijhawm them nyiaj ntawm ib puag ncig 80%.
Vim tias lub sijhawm them nyiaj yog lwm qhov teeb meem nrog lub tsheb fais fab. Vim tias lub roj teeb them yuav siv sij hawm ntev. Tej zaum ib qho kev sib pauv ceev xws li ntsaws thiab ua siraws li nees hloov nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog Post relays. Qee tus twb ua haujlwm rau qhov no thiab tawm tswv yim xws li Gogoro lossis Silence qauv, tab sis tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv.
Kev them nyiaj hauv lub network
Yog li ntawd, thaum tsis muaj kev hloov ceev, koj yuav tsum them lub roj teeb ntawm lub mains. Cov teeb meem ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas lub zog nkag thiab tawm. Ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob niaj hnub hauv koj lub tsev, nws tsis muaj hmoo tias qhov ntws qis tshaj plaws: yog li suav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1,8 kWh lossis ob peb teev ntawm kev them nyiaj nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb thiab lub charger. Yog li lub roj teeb 5,6kWh nrog 600W charger yuav tsum tau them 9 teev, tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho hluav taws xob vim tias nws yuav tsum tau ntws mus rau lub sijhawm kawg thiab koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov.
Them rau ntawm terminals
Hom 3 terminals (Autolib style) muaj peev xwm thauj khoom hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab tuaj yeem ntws mus txog 3,7 kWh. Thaum kawg, Tesla's fast charging terminals thiab superchargers tuaj yeem them txog 50 kWh. Feem ntau cov maus taus, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tau nruab los lees txais cov qhov hluav taws xob ceev ceev no (nrog rau kev zam ntawm Energica nrog CCS qhov (socket). Txawm li cas los xij, ib yam li Zero, lawv tuaj yeem siv "Charge Tank" accessory, uas ua raws li lub suab nrov thiab tsub nqi 13 kWh qauv hauv li 3 teev thiab 9,8 kWh qauv hauv li 2 teev.
Hauv tsheb, qee tus neeg tsim khoom pab cov neeg siv khoom nruab qhov chaw them nqi ceev hauv tsev thiab qee zaum txaus siab rau kev txhawb nqa tag nrho rau kev ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, lub maus taus tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi sib npaug, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau lub Xya hli ntuj 12, 2011, ib txoj cai lij choj tau dhau los ntawm "txoj cai rau ntses" nyob rau hauv condominiums: yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov co- tswv siv rau lub installation ntawm lub qhov (socket) them rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb lossis feem ntau, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam lees (rau koj tus account).
Khoom kim heev yog qhov chaw ...
Pib ntawm Tsis tau zoo siab Xyoo 1899 (thawj lub tsheb siab tshaj 100 km / h yog lub tsheb fais fab), qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob yog qhov yooj yim: peb muab cov roj teeb rau hauv pem teb vim tias twb muaj chav, thiab nws tseem khov tag nrho thiab tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem ua tiav. lawv. Ntawm cov maus taus, qhov teeb meem nyuaj dua, thiab yog li qhov kev sib tw rau cov engineers yog kom haum txhua yam rau hauv qhov chaw muaj nyob rau ntawm lub maus taus, qhov tseem ceeb (kev lom zem nyuaj, muaj) txwv.
Cov neeg tsim qauv kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm los ua si los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov roj teeb uas tsis pom zoo. Zoo li Brammo, thawj Zeros zoo li lub log tsheb tub yees nrog lawv cov roj teeb zoo nkauj tsis zoo, tab sis txhua yam tau txhim kho txij thaum ntawd los. Piv txwv li, Harley-Davidson Livewire yog qhov zoo ntawm kev zais nws qhov kev ua si nrog rau Lub Zog ntawm Ego RS +. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, hluav taws xob maus taus yog txav deb ntawm wheeled fads, raws li lawv nyob rau hauv thaum pib. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no tseem tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas qib nqi lossis kev pabcuam nws siv cov apps ntawm koj lub smartphone. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav ib lub maus taus, taug qab nws noj ntawm txhua qhov kev mus ncig thiab muaj nws txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub sijhawm.
Yog li ntawd, rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, hluav taws xob maus taus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm cia siab rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb rau nws txoj kev ywj pheej thiab cov nqi qis dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm GEME, European hluav taws xob maus taus txav, uas yuav muaj nyob rau tom ntej no hauv Monaco.
