Nikola Tesla hluav taws xob tsheb

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ntau dua li kev siv lub cav ua hluav taws xob sab hauv. Vim li cas thiab thaum twg

Qhov tseeb yooj yim yog tias cov teeb meem ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam nrog lub zog, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov sib txawv. Zoo li ntau yam hauv lub neej uas peb tau lees paub, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm hauv lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau suav tias yog cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv cov tsheb no. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua tiav lub xeev no, lawv tau los ntev hauv kev hloov pauv - los ntawm kev tshawb pom kev sib txuas ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum rau nws txoj kev hloov pauv mus rau lub zog siv tshuab. Lub ntsiab lus no feem ntau underestimated nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais txog kev tsim kho technology ntawm lub internal combustion engine, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los tham ntau ntxiv txog lub tshuab hu ua hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog.

Ib lossis ob lub cav tsheb

Yog tias koj saib ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tsis hais nws hom, koj yuav pom tias nws muaj zog tshaj 85 feem pua, feem ntau tshaj 90 feem pua, thiab nws yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm thaj tsam 75 feem pua. siab kawg. Raws li lub zog thiab qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nce, qhov ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm nthuav dav raws li, qhov twg nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag nws qhov siab tshaj plaws txawm tias ua ntej - qee zaum ntawm 20 feem pua. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm sab rau lub npib - txawm hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab dua, kev siv cov motors muaj zog heev nrog cov khoom qis heev tuaj yeem ua rau tsis tshua nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm qis. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab txog qhov loj, lub zog, tus naj npawb (ib lossis ob) thiab siv (ib lossis ob qhov nyob ntawm qhov thauj khoom) ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov txheej txheem uas yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim tsheb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog to taub yog vim li cas nws yog ib qhov zoo dua kom muaj ob lub cev muaj zog es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug haib heev ib tug, uas yog li ntawd nws tsis feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm tsawg efficiency, thiab vim hais tias ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kaw nws nyob rau hauv tsawg loads. Yog li ntawd, ntawm ib nrab load, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Tesla Model 3 Performance, tsuas yog lub rear engine yog siv. Nyob rau hauv tsawg haib versions, nws yog tib tug, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau dynamic versions, lub asynchronous ib tug yog txuas nrog rau pem hauv ntej qag. Qhov no yog lwm qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub tsheb fais fab - lub zog tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim dua, cov qauv siv nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab dual powertrains yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm qis qis qis tsis tiv thaiv qhov tseeb tias, tsis zoo li lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ua kom muaj zog ntawm xoom nrawm vim nws txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Qhov tseeb hais txog kev ua tau zoo yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub cav tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm hom - raws li peb tau hais, lub cav loj tsis tu ncua khiav ntawm qis load yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm hluav taws xob kev txav mus los, kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog nthuav dav. Ntau thiab ntau qhov kev pom zoo thiab kev npaj tau raug tsim, uas qee lub tuam txhab xws li BMW thiab VW tsim thiab tsim lawv tus kheej lub tsheb, lwm tus yuav koom nrog cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam no, thiab tseem muaj lwm tus outsource rau cov neeg muag khoom xws li Bosch. Feem ntau, yog tias koj nyeem cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv siv hluav taws xob, koj yuav pom tias nws lub cev muaj zog yog "AC ruaj khov hlau nplaum synchronous". Txawm li cas los xij, Tesla pioneer siv lwm cov kev daws teeb meem hauv cov kev taw qhia no - asynchronous motors nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv dhau los thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm asynchronous thiab thiaj li hu ua. "Resistance switching motor li rear qag drive in the 3 Performance model. Nyob rau hauv pheej yig dua versions nrog rear-log tsav nkaus xwb, nws tsuas yog ib qho. Audi tseem siv induction motors rau tus qauv q-tron thiab kev sib txuas ntawm synchronous thiab asynchronous motors rau yav tom ntej e-tron Q4. Nws yog dab tsi tiag tiag?

Nikola Tesla hluav taws xob tsheb

Qhov tseeb tias Nikola Tesla tau tsim cov asynchronous lossis, hauv lwm lo lus, lub tshuab hluav taws xob "asynchronous" (rov qab rau xyoo pua puv 19) tsis muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb tias Tesla Motors cov qauv yog ib ntawm ob peb lub tsheb uas siv lub tshuab zoo li no. .... Qhov tseeb, txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm Tesla lub cav tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob rau xyoo 60, thaum cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tau maj mam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hnub, thiab Asmeskas tus kws tsim txuj ci Alan Coconi tau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor inverters uas tuaj yeem hloov ncaj qha tam sim no (DC) roj teeb rau hloov pauv tam sim no (AC) ) raws li qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob induction, thiab rov ua dua (hauv cov txheej txheem rov zoo). Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (tseem hu ua kev hloov pauv engineering) thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm Coconi tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau qhov tsis zoo GM EV1 thiab, hauv daim ntawv ua kom zoo dua qub, tZERO zoo. Zoo ib yam li kev tshawb fawb rau Japanese engineers los ntawm Toyota hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim Prius thiab qhib TRW patent, Tesla tus tsim tau pom lub tsheb tZERO. Thaum kawg, lawv yuav daim ntawv tso cai tZero thiab siv nws los tsim txoj kev tsheb.
Qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog tias nws tsis siv cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab tsis xav tau cov khoom kim lossis tsis tshua muaj hlau, uas tseem feem ntau mined hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si asynchronous thiab mus tas li cov hlau nplaum synchronous motors ua kom siv tag nrho cov kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim MOSFET nrog cov teb transistors thiab ntau tsis ntev los no bipolar rho tawm transistors (IGBTs). Nws yog qhov kev nce qib no uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov kev sib piv cov khoom sib txuas ua ke thiab feem ntau, txhua yam hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob tsheb. Nws yuav zoo li tsis tseem ceeb tias lub peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig hloov pauv hloov DC mus rau 150-theem AC roj teeb thiab rov qab yog feem ntau vim kev nce qib hauv kev tswj technology, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau yug los rau hauv lub siab tias qhov tam sim no hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nce mus txog ntau zaus ntau dua li ib txwm muaj hauv tsev neeg hluav taws xob network, thiab feem ntau cov nuj nqis tshaj XNUMX amperes. Qhov no ua rau muaj cua sov ntau uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum nrog.

Tab sis rov qab rau qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Zoo li lub cav siv hluav taws xob sab hauv, lawv tuaj yeem raug cais tawm rau cov kev tsim nyog sib txawv, thiab "sijhawm sijhawm" yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv txoj kev tsim muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tiam thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teb sib nqus. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb hais tias qhov hluav taws xob hauv tus neeg ntawm lub roj teeb yog qhov ncaj qha tam sim no, cov neeg tsim qauv siv hluav taws xob tsis txawm xav txog siv DC motors. Txawm hais tias noj hloov dua siab tshiab poob mus rau hauv tus account, AC units thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koog sib dhos ua tau zoo tshaj qhov kev sib tw nrog DC hais. Yog li dab tsi puas synchronous lossis asynchronous lub cev muaj zog tiag tiag txhais tau?

Lub tuam txhab fais fab lub cev muaj zog

Ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous thiab asynchronous yog ntawm hom tig sib nqus tshuab hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj zog ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, ib qho induction rotor muaj cov ntawv sib tshooj yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv txheeb, aluminium lossis tooj liab hlau pas nrig (nce siv hauv xyoo tas los) nrog cov coils hauv lub voj kev kaw. Tam sim no ntws hauv cov stator windings hauv cov khub sib txawv, nrog tam sim no los ntawm ib ntawm peb qib theem ntws hauv txhua khub. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm lawv nws yog hloov nyob rau hauv theem los ntawm 120 degrees txheeb ze rau lwm yam, lub thiaj li hu tig lub teb sib nqus. Kev sib tshuam ntawm lub rotor windings nrog cov kab ntawm cov sib nqus los ntawm cov teb uas tsim los ntawm tus stator ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim no hauv rotor, zoo ib yam li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Qhov chaw sib nqus tau sib cuam tshuam nrog "tig" hauv tus stator, uas ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab tuav ntawm lub rotor thiab kev sib hloov txuas tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog hom tsav hluav taws xob, lub rotor yeej ib txwm poob qis tom qab lub teb, vim tias yog tias tsis muaj qhov sib txheeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab lub rotor, tsis muaj qhov chaw sib nqus yuav tau ntxias hauv lub rotor. Yog li, qhov siab tshaj plaws qib tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov zaus ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no thiab lub nra. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov ua tau zoo dua ntawm kev sib tw ua rau lub cev muaj zog, feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam txhawm rau lawv, tab sis rau qee qhov ntawm cov lus saum toj no, Tesla tseem yog ib qho kev tawm tswv yim ntawm cov asynchronous motors.

Yog lawm, cov tshuab no pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv muaj lawv qhov tsis zoo, thiab txhua tus neeg uas tau sim ntau qhov kev ua tiav nrog cov qauv S yuav qhia koj tias kev ua haujlwm poob qis npaum li cas nrog txhua qhov rov ua dua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm induction thiab ntws ntawm tam sim no ua rau cov cua sov, thiab thaum lub tshuab tsis txias nyob rau hauv siab load, cua sov accumulates thiab nws cov peev xwm yog ho txo. Rau kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txo cov nqi tam sim no thiab kev ua haujlwm nrawm yog degraded. Thiab ib qho ntxiv - yuav tsum tau siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab hluav taws xob induction yuav tsum tau sib nqus - uas yog, kom "dhau" thawj zaug tam sim no los ntawm stator, uas tsim cov teb thiab tam sim no hauv lub rotor pib txheej txheem. Ces nws thiaj pub tau nws tus kheej.

Asynchronous los yog synchronous lub cev muaj zog

Cov koog sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua ntawm lub zog thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov taw qhia lub cev muaj zog yog qhov chaw sib nqus hauv lub rotor tsis yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov stator, tab sis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov windings ntxiv uas tau teeb tsa hauv nws, lossis cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Yog li, daim teb hauv rotor thiab daim teb nyob hauv tus stator yog synchronous, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev muaj zog kuj yog nyob ntawm qhov kev sib hloov ntawm daim teb, ntsig txog, ntawm qhov muaj tsawg zaus tam sim no thiab thauj khoom. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xav tau ntxiv rau lub zog ntxiv rau cov cua ntswj, uas ua rau muaj zog siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm tam sim no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog qhov sib zog tsis tu ncua tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob niaj hnub thiab cov qauv hybrid. nrog cov hlau nplaum tas mus li. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, yuav luag txhua tus tsim ntawm cov tsheb zoo li tam sim no siv cov hom ntawm no, yog li ntawd, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsis txaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nqi neodymium thiab dysprosium. Txo lawv kev siv yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev thov los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv daim teb no.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Tus qauv tsim ntawm rotor core muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Muaj ntau yam kev daws teeb meem nrog cov hlau nplaum saum npoo, disk-puab rotor, nrog cov hlau nplaum built-in. Qhov txaus siab ntawm no yog Tesla txoj kev daws teeb meem, uas siv cov thev naus laus zis tau hais dhau los hu ua Switched Reluctance Motor los tsav lub Model 3 lub qag nram qab. "Reluctance", los yog magnetic resistance, yog ib lub sij hawm opposite rau magnetic conductivity, zoo li hluav taws xob tsis kam thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov motors ntawm hom no siv qhov tshwm sim uas sib nqus flux nyhav dhau los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom uas muaj qhov sib nqus tsawg tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, nws lub cev tshem tawm cov khoom uas nws ntws mus rau hauv thiaj li yuav dhau los ntawm ib feem nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsis kam. Cov nyhuv no yog siv rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim kom muaj kev sib hloov - rau qhov no, cov khoom siv sib nqus sib nqus sib txawv hauv lub rotor: nyuaj (hauv daim ntawv ntawm ferrite neodymium disks) thiab mos (steel disks). Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim kom dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv qis dua, cov hlau nplaum sib nqus los ntawm lub stator tig lub rotor kom txog thaum nws tau muab tso rau. Nrog kev tswj tam sim no, lub teb tas li tig lub rotor nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw xis nyob. Ntawd yog, qhov kev sib hloov tsis yog pib los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus raws li qhov nyiam ntawm thaj teb kom ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsis kam thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor. Los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom sib txawv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom kim heev raug txo.

Nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim, qhov ua tau zoo nkhaus thiab lub zog hloov nrog lub cav ceev. Thaum pib, lub cev muaj zog induction muaj qhov ua haujlwm qis tshaj plaws, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws muaj cov hlau nplaum saum npoo, tab sis tom kawg nws txo qis nrog kev ceev. BMW i3 cav muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb hybrid cim, ua tsaug rau ib tug tsim uas sib txuas cov hlau nplaum mus tas li thiab cov nyhuv "reluctance" piav saum toj no. Yog li, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua tiav qhov siab ntawm lub zog tas li thiab lub zog uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo siab rotor, tab sis muaj qhov hnyav dua li lawv (qhov kawg yog qhov ua tau zoo hauv ntau yam, tab sis tsis yog qhov hnyav). Tom qab tag nrho cov no, nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm tau poob qis ntawm kev kub ceev, uas yog vim li cas ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab tau hais tias lawv yuav tsom mus rau ob-ceev kis tau tus mob rau hluav taws xob motors.

Cov Lus Nug thiab Cov Lus Teb:

Tesla siv lub cav dab tsi? Tag nrho Tesla qauv yog lub tsheb hluav taws xob, yog li lawv tau nruab tshwj xeeb nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yuav luag txhua tus qauv yuav muaj 3-theem AC induction lub cev muaj zog hauv qab lub hood.

Tesla lub cav ua haujlwm li cas? Lub tshuab hluav taws xob asynchronous ua haujlwm vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm EMF vim yog kev sib hloov hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Rov qab mus ncig yog muab los ntawm polarity thim rov qab ntawm cov pib coils.

Tesla cav nyob qhov twg? Tesla tsheb yog lub log tsav tsheb. Yog li ntawd, lub cev muaj zog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub rear qag shafts. Lub cev muaj zog muaj lub rotor thiab stator, uas tsuas yog sib cuag nrog cov bearings.

Tesla cav hnyav npaum li cas? Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib dhos rau Tesla qauv yog 240 kilograms. Yeej ib lub cav hloov kho yog siv.